• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.127-141
• /
• 2004

Various types of integrated steam generators, which integrate IHTS and a steam generator into a single unit of equipment for an LMR, were analyzed using an analytic solution with some simplification. The analysis showed that the undesirable reversed heat transfer, of which occurrence was previously observed only in an integrated single-region bundle type, can also occur in an integrated double-region bundle type. The mechanism of the reversed heat transfer occurrence in the double-region type is explained and it is shown the mechanism in the double-region type is completely different from that in the single-region type. Based on this finding, a method for preventing the aforementioned heat transfer is suggested. The performance of the four types of the integrated steam generators is assessed. For this assessment, a SG is actually designed for each type and the optimization in the geometric parameters and flow rate are optimized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.269-272
• /
• 2009

The temperature of PV modules that integrated into building facades or roof increases that could reduce the electrical efficiency of the PV system. In order to incresae PV system's efficiency it is very important to remove the heat from the PV modules. For this purpose, hot air can be extracted from the space between PV modules and building envelope, and used for heating in buildings. The solar collector utilizing this thermal effect is called photovoltaic-thermal(PVT) solar collector. This paper compares the experimental performance of building-integrated PVT collectors that applied on building roof and facade. There are two different case: a roof-integrated PVT type and a facade-integrated PVT type. The experimental results show that the collected thermal energy of the roof-integrated type was 24% higher, compared to that of the facade-integrated.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.317-328
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide patient-centered nursing by comparing the patient needs, patient satisfaction, and communication type of nurses for patients admitted to integrated nursing care service ward and general ward. Methods: Data were collected by self-report questionnaires between September 7 and October 9, 2021. Patients were patients recruited from a hospital in D city, 100 each from comprehensive nursing care service ward and general ward. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, 𝜒²-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation. Results: There was no significant difference in patient needs between the patients of integrated nursing care service ward and the general ward (t=-1.12, p=.263). However, patient satisfaction was higher among the patients in integrated nursing care service ward than in the general ward (t=-3.55, p<.001). Pertaining to the communication type of nurses, the informational communication type (t=-4.02, p<.001) and the friendly communication type (t=-3.92, p<.001) were stronger in the integrated nursing care service ward than the general ward. It was, hence, confirmed that the educational requirements were positively correlated with patient satisfaction in the reliability domain and technical-professional domain, and that the nurse informational communication type and friendly communication type had a significantly positive correlation with patient satisfaction. Conclusion: The expansion of the integrated nursing care service ward may be considered in the future, with an informational and friendly communication method as an effective response that can be adapted in practice as a reflection the type of communication among nurses.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2010

The integration of PV modules into building facades or roof could raise their temperature that results in the reduction of PV system's electrical power generation. Hot air can be extracted from the space between PV modules and building envelope, and used for heating in buildings. PV/thermal collectors, or more generally known as PVT collectors, are devices that operate simultaneously to convert solar energy from the sun into two other useful energies, namely, electricity and heat. This paper compares the experimental performance of BIPVT((Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal) collectors that applied on building roof and facade. There are four different cases: a roof-integrated PVT type and a facade-integrated PVT type, the base models with an air gap between the PV module and the surface, and the improved models for each types with aluminum fins attached to the PV modules. The accumulated thermal energy of the roof-integrated type was 15.8% higher than the facade-integrated regardless of fin attachment. The accumulated electrical energy of the roof-integrated type was 7.6% higher, compared to that of the facade-integrated. The efficiency differences among the collectors may be due to the fact that the pins absorbed heat from the PV module and emitted it to air layer.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 2022

Pseudomonas amygdali is a hemibiotrophic phytopathogen that causes disease in woody and herbaceous plants. Complete genomes of four P. amygdali pathovars were comparatively analyzed to decipher the impact of genomic diversity on host colonization. The pan-genome indicated that 3,928 core genes are conserved among pathovars, while 504-1,009 are unique to specific pathovars. The unique genome contained many mobile elements and exhibited a functional distribution different from the core genome. Genes involved in O-antigen biosynthesis and antimicrobial peptide resistance were significantly enriched for adaptation to hostile environments. While the type III secretion system was distributed in the core genome, unique genomes revealed a different organization of secretion systems as follows: type I in pv. tabaci, type II in pv. japonicus, type IV in pv. morsprunorum, and type VI in pv. lachrymans. These findings provide genetic insight into the dynamic interactions of the bacteria with plant hosts.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.453-460
• /
• 2020

This paper, UHF band integrated communication antenna for ship communication is designed as a flat type that can be mounted on the integrated mast among integrated communication antennas such as integrated communication, ship communication, broadcasting, and telephone of the ship. The unified mast mounted antenna is an integrated communication antenna applied to the Navy's KDDX, which is an optimized type of integrated communication antenna including a 'composite slope' structure including operational capability, survivability, and improved operability and maintainability. The existing rotary radar and a plurality of monopole-type communication antennas were changed from an irregularly attached shape to the mast exterior to an integrated mast shape including a flat-type integrated communication antenna. the radar reflection area index (RCS) is significantly lowered and compared to overseas products. The goal is to develop a gain broadband antenna.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.341-352
• /
• 1990

In this paper, we introduce tree types of switching networks, I, e., a fully segregated type, a partially integrated type, and a fully integrated type switch, to accommodate nx 64Kb/s multi-slot connection traffic and analyze their blocking probabilites for the different traffic mixes by utilizing a computational algorithm of blocking probability, and finally determine the traffic handling capacity which satisfies the given grade of service. The fully integrated type switch can accommodate the ISDN traffic with relatively low wideband traffic. However, either the partially integrated type or the fully segregated type switch is needed to accommodate the ISDN traffic as the wideband traffic increases. This result can be usilized in the design of ISDN switching networks accommodating multi-slot connection traffic.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.436-445
• /
• 2019

This study presents how two types of integrated science and engineering lessons affect students' engineering problem solving skills and their perceptions of engineering. In total, 146 middle school students participated in this study. Eighty-six students participated in the Type I lesson (complete engineering design lesson with a science knowledge application) and 60 students participated in the Type II lesson (engineering design without a science knowledge application). Two main datasets, (1) students' Creative Engineering Problem Solving Propensity (CEPSP) measurement scores and (2) open-ended survey questions about students' perceptions of engineering, were collected before and after the lessons. The results of this study show that after participating in the Type I lesson, students' CEPSP scores significantly increased, whereas the CEPSP scores of the students who participated in the Type II lesson did not increase significantly. In addition, students who participated in the Type I lesson perceived engineering and the engineering integrated science lesson differently compared to the students who participated in the Type II lesson. The results of this study show that engineering integrated science, technology, engineering & mathematics (STEM) lessons should include a complete engineering design and a science knowledge application to improve students' engineering problem solving skills.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2012

The containment Integrated Leakage Rate Testing(ILRT) of nuclear power plants in Korea is performed in accordance with NSSC(Nuclear Safety and Security Commission) code 2012-16 and ANSI/ANS 56.8-1994. Nuclear power plants in Korea and the United States are to apply same test criteria, ANSI/ANS 56.8-1994, except type A testing time. NPPs in Korea apply 24 hours according to NSSC code 2012-16, but NPPs in United States apply 8 hours according to 10CFR50 App. J for type A test. So, there are many difficulties in order to perform ILRT in Korea. In this study, I review the impact on the ILRT results and the effect of ILRT due to type A testing time. The future, we will continue study to enhance the test reliability and improve these problems.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.151-153
• /
• 2010

A highly efficient linear and compactly integrated series-type Doherty power amplifier (PA) has been developed for wideband code-division multiple access handset applications. To overcome the size limit of a typical Doherty amplifier, all circuit elements, such as matching circuits and impedance transformers, are fully integrated into a single monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC). The implemented PA shows a very low idle current of 25 mA and an excellent power-added efficiency of 25.1% at an output power of 19 dBm by using an extended Doherty concept. Accordingly, its average current consumption was reduced by 51% and 41% in urban and suburban environments, respectively, when compared with a class-AB PA. By adding a simple predistorter to the PA, the PA showed an adjacent channel leakage ratio better than -42 dBc over the whole output power range.