• Architectural research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Although Feng-Shui has been widely used in architecture and urban design and planning for thousands of years, it has not been properly studied as a scientific and thus rational approach. Feng-Shui has been recognized as an environment-friendly design and planning method in recent years due to its thoughtful consideration on the harmonious relationship between architecture and the natural environment. This study investigates its major principles and techniques that have been widely used in the design of houses through previous relevant researches. Then, the principles and techniques that are relevant to the residential uses are indexed for the quantification of Feng-Shui. Ten Feng-Shui indices are formulated and each index is quantified to make five points for a perfect match. These indices are then tested on three different types of house in Korea, namely traditional Korean houses, contemporary Korean style houses and contemporary architects' houses. The result shows that the first type of house records the highest Feng-Shui points and then the second and third types in that order. This result convinces us that the Feng-Shui indices can very effectively represent the degree of environmentally friendly design.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.12-24
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• 2000

This study seeks to find an approach tool that allows to consider both ecological and visual aspect in developing an ecological space. Main objective of this study is to develop a planting design method in consideration of correlation between high visual preference and ecological diversity. To this end, an integrated method based on visual design principles and landscape ecological principles was developed first. Then study areas of 20 natural areas and 10 urban areas were selected to survey and analyze visual preference and ecological diversity. The result showed that scale is an element that has the greatest impact on visual preference. In areas with high ecological diversity, scale and connectivity had the biggest impact. In order to have a planting design desirable visually and ecologically based on these factors, it may be divided into following three issues.(1) In oder to increase ecological diversity in areas with strong visual preference, a priority should be given to introduce techniques promoting harmony among dominant species of various scales and other species. At the same time, there should be efforts to secure connectivity. (2) To improve visual preferences in areas with high ecological diversity, close-range, medium-range, and distant landscapes should be ensured by aligning colors and connectivity of various scales with other factors. (3) Also, a target area should be developed into a visually preferred and ecologically sound area by supplementing form and interlocking issues and identifying the spirit of the place. This study offers a way to improve visual preference and promote ecological diversity indeveloping ecological parks for the future. In landscape planning and design, it is important to secure various scales and connectivity as high-priority principles.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.17
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• pp.71-91
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to examine the viewpoints of the different legal systems for the validity of LD Clause and the possibility of gap-filling function of UNIDROIT Principles in International Sales Contract. The results of comparative study between common law system and civil law system, and between CISG and UNCDROIT Principles is as follows: First, common law system distinguishes LD Clause and Penalty Clause, but civil law system including Korean law does not strictly distinguish the difference between them, provided that the liquidated damages are not grossly excessive. Second, CISG does not concerned with the validity of LD Clause but entrust this matter to the law applicable by virtue of the rules of private international law; conversely the Principles follow similar position of civil law system. The possibility of gap-filling of the Principles is more positive in the case of arbitration than in the case of litigation. On the basis of above study, I also checked the LD Clauses of ICC Model International Sales and the Model Contracts of Korean Commercial Arbitration Board. The LD Clauses of there two Model Contract seem very appropriate and reasonable for the reference in practical application. The appropriate, not excessive, LD Clause will contribute not only to eliminate the burden of proof for the actual damages, but also to enforce both parties to perform their obligations in their contracts. Therefore, When we make contract, we should keep in our mind to insert the reasonable and appropriate LD Clause in the sales contract. If not, so to speak, litigated damages are grossly excessive, the Clause may be invalid in some legal system.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.73-84
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information about the study of model development of sustainable housing area. This study identified the concept of sustainable development and the principles of the Habitat AgendaII. In the context, the 10 items of it were used to constitute the case study framework. This study found the planning characteristics through the case study of sustainable housing areas m Korea. The case for the study were 91 cases of Livable City Making of government and 43 cases of Urban Village Making of citizen group. And this study searched the missing point in the sustainable development concept of the practice cases. The research findings are as follows. First, the most practice cases had the aim of rehabilitation of the village functions. Second, in the cases of Livable City Making, residents practiced the rule as a participant for changing of their village. Third, in the cases of Urban Village Making, the scale were smaller than government's cases, but they tried the residents' health and welfare. Fourth, many cases applied the concept of sustainable development; environmental, social-cultural and economic sustainability, but some cases missed several principles of the Habitat Agenda.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.9
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• pp.49-56
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• 1996

This study is to present the design methods in the Schrider House executed by the Dutch architect G. Th, Rieveld. The plastic principles which underlies the architecture design are examined through the analysis of the 'new structural joint system (Cartesian Coordinate System) ' and ' Color-Plasticity ' which characterized a series of his furniture design from 1918 to 1924. It indicates that Reitveld attempted to realize the simplicity, clarity and flexibility of spatial expression in his first independent architecture by the application of technical skills which have been developed in his early days.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-109
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• 1999

This study aims to reflect the basic principles and teaching-teaming principles of Realistic Mathematics Education in order to suppose an way in which mathematics as an activity is carried out in primary school. The development of what is known as RME started almost thirty years ago. It is founded by Freudenthal and his colleagues at the former IOWO. Freudenthal stressed the idea of matheamatics as a human activity. According to him, the key principles of RME are as follows: guided reinvention and progressive mathematisation, level theory, and didactical phenomenology. This means that children have guided opportunities to reinvent mathematics by doing it and so the focal point should not be on mathematics as a closed system but on the process of mathematisation. There are different levels in learning process. One should let children make the transition from one level to the next level in the progress of mathematisation in realistic contexts. Here, contexts means that domain of reality, which in some particular learning process is disclosed to the learner in order to be mathematised. And the word of 'realistic' is related not just with the real world, but is related to the emphasis that RME puts on offering the students problem situations which they can imagine. Under the background of these principles, RME supposes the following five instruction principles: phenomenological exploration, bridging by vertical instruments, pupils' own constructions and productions, interactivity, and interwining of learning strands. In order to reflect how to realize these principles in practice, the teaming process of algorithms is illustrated. In this process, children follow a learning route that takes its inspiration from the history of mathematics or from their own informal knowledge and strategies. Considering long division, the first levee is associated with real-life activities such as sharing sweets among children. Here, children use their own strategies to solve context problems. The second level is entered when the same sweet problems is presented and a model of the situation is created. Then it is focused on finding shortcomings. Finally, the schema of division becomes a subject of investigation. Comparing realistic mathematics education with constructivistic mathematics education, there interaction, reflective thinking, conflict situation are many similarities but there are alsodifferences. They share the characteristics such as mathematics as a human activity, active learner, etc. But in RME, it is focused on the delicate balance between the spontaneity of children and the authority of teachers, and the development of long-term loaming process which is structured but flexible. In this respect two forms of mathematics education are different. Here, we learn how to develop mathematics curriculum that respects the theory of children on reality and at the same time the theory of mathematics experts. In order to connect the informal mathematics of children and formal mathematics, we need more teachers as researchers and more researchers as observers who try to find the mathematical informal notions of children and anticipate routes of children's learning through thought-experiment continuously.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.71-81
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• 2015

The RSA public key encryption algorithm, a few, key generation, factoring, the Euler function, key setup, a joint expression law, the application process are serial indexes. The foundation of such algorithms are mathematical principles. The first concept from mathematics principle is applied from how to obtain a minority. It is to obtain a product of two very large prime numbers, but readily tracking station the original two prime number, the product are used in a very hard principles. If a very large prime numbers p and q to obtain, then the product is the two $n=p{\times}q$ easy station, a method for tracking the number of p and q from n synthesis and it is substantially impossible. The RSA encryption algorithm, the number of digits in order to implement the inverse calculation is difficult mathematical one-way function and uses the integer factorization problem of a large amount. Factoring the concept of the calculation of the mod is difficult to use in addition to the problem in the reverse direction. But the interests of the encryption algorithm implementation usually are focused on introducing the film the first time you use encryption algorithm but we have to know how to go through some process applied to the field work This study presents a field force applied encryption process scheme based on public key algorithms attribute diagnosis.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.7
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• pp.29-59
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• 2004

This is a study on hostage crisis and effective resolution of the crisis. First, we surveyed the theoretical guidance for our study: definition, patterns, of hostage crisis; psychology of hostage-takers. And we explores a great variety of hostage crisis cases to develop principles and methods for negotiation and subjugation. We suggest, throughout this study, some action program to be developed, as follow: First, we need to broaden and deepen the understanding on the issue of hostage-crisis by expanding educational opportunity on the issue, while raising hostage negotiators. Second, information sharing system among hostage management related offices, and complete training for SWAT team are required. Third, when a hostage-crisis is raised, police enforcement must corporate with mass-media in a way of close manner. Fourth, in a critical hostage crisis, the commander should appear on site for effective command. Lastly, the top-priority for the commander who is in charge of the crisis should be put on the security of hostage and hostage-taker, as well.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.150-159
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• 2014

Recently, violent crimes against the socially disadvantaged have become more frequent and became serious social issues. In addition, compared to the past, the crime methods have become more diverse and intricate, which results in larger damages. For those reasons, the public are increasingly concerned about crimes and it is detrimental to the quality of life in general. Currently, safety in alleys and other residential spaces is protected only by mechanical and managerial functions such as CCTV and police patrol. Safe environment from crimes can be achieved only if there are environmental and spatial plans such as CPTED (Crime Prevention through Environmental Design) principles. The purpose of this study is to propose a direction for spatial planning that can prevent crimes through environmental elements, by researching the spatial planning and current status of alleys and residential spaces from the viewpoint of CPTED. To do so, first, a review checklist was created based on five principles of CPTED and field surveys were conducted on the northern districts of Busan with high crime rates. Second, the problems were analyzed through the field surveys and checklist was classified based on five principles of CPTED to propose improvements for each item. Also, a computer graphic simulation was used to suggest a design proposal. We expect that the application of the basic environmental design principles and guidelines for CPTED will have the effect of creating crime-free and safe spaces in alleys and residential environment.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.193-210
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of physical setting of adult day care as a place for the elders and adult and to develop an basic understanding of the architectural program and physical setting for adult day care for the cognitively-impaired in the U.S.A. The data was collected from 13 Adult Day Care Centers(ADCC) from 2001 to 2002 by interview and the documents about those facilities. Physical environment should be viewed as an element in the care of individuals with dementia, and that the principles used to plan and design environment should be consistent with the principles used in providing other aspects of care. The results of the study provided the information about the best condition of physical setting of ADCC for the elderly with dementia. Memory Loss Adult Day Center and St. Ann Center for Intergenerational Care have better architectural program than other facilities. It is the hope of this study to provide guideline for design and care professionals with a first draft of a "sense-making" template and to slow own the progression of the disease by the appropriate physical environment.