• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.862-870
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• 2010

This thesis has been researched on optimized design method for the total cross section of embankment considering the fact that the size of embankment cross section is directly related with economic efficiency when dam designing. In general, embankment cross section of fill dam is either determined by cohesion and angle of internal friction, a strength parameter of embankment materials or by permeability of embankment. Therefore the size of embankment cross section depending on strength parameter of embankment materials was determined by using MIDAS-GTS program through stress-seepage coupled analysis at the time of fill dam design. As a result, determination of embankment cross section was more affected by the size of central core and permeability rather than by slope stability by shear strength and it was revealed that in case of embankment height being over 20m, stability against infiltration and slope action could be secured only when embankment slope is at least over 1:2.5. In addition, it was also revealed that in case of making the size of central core exceeding specification standard, total cross section of embankment could be reduced considerably and at the time of embankment design, adequate size and appropriateness of embankment cross section could be determined with referring the table suggested by this study.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2001

In this paper, trapezoid sections and prominence sections were examined to improve the performance of floating breakwater in long waves. The linear potential theory is used and the boundary element method with a matching boundary is employed for numerical computation. The effects of the side slope of the trapezoid section and the geometry ratio of the prominence section on the floating breakwater were examined. It was found that trapezoid sections show lower transmission coefficients than the rectangular sections in the long wave range. In prominence sections the size of the sides are more important than the size of the top. Proper choices of the pontoon type geometry may move the local minimum point of the wave transmission coefficient toward the longer wave ranges and improve the performance of the floating breakwater in the long wave range for a given wave period.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.1487-1501
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• 2011

Recently, fast-growing up railway transportations. Because, regional traffic congestion problem solving and a period of rapid expansion to meet the demand of industries. In addition the government also suggest to new paradigm for the future 'Low Carbon, Green Growth' is presented as a new national vision. To meet the social needs and the time demands, Last of the railway increase very long tunnels and huge deep tunnels. Especially this trend accelerated high speed up in the tunnel, the revision of design criteria and research challenges are being actively improved. Mainly in the tunnel cross-section was under the control of the vehicle train speed 150km/hr by the construction of the vehicle cross-section of the tunnel. More than 200km/hr rail tunnel depending on the vehicle's speed caused the tunnel to the pressure fluctuations will be governed by the aerodynamic changes. Considering the economy to ensure the optimum cross-section of the railway tunnel to the description scheme is selected cross-section of the railway tunnel to determine the size domestic or international railway tunnel for the elements((based on fast Algorithm design criteria, the center line spacing, streetcar line, cross-sectional shape, sectoral issues, such as interface and aerodynamics) based on design practices and to review results. In this study, to propose guidelines depending on the size of a railway tunnel cross section for the size of the determining reasonable factors when designing the railway tunnel and cost-effective standards guidelines.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.360-365
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• 2000

This research is the trial for the computation of the ease-rate for the bodice pattern. The result of the analysis about the cross section figures of garment space by using a 3-D measuring instrument is that: The garment space of each bodice by each body size is definite. In the figure of cross section of the basic lines, an area of cross section of garment space and length of cross section of garment space are not increased in proportion to an area of cross section of the body. The ease rate is the same no matter that flat-rate of the body is same or different. The ease-rate is computed by length of cross section of garment space that is in proportion to the radius of the body.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.139-142
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• 2003

Traditionally, the thickness of fire protection materials of structural elements such as beam and column have been decided by fire test using the predominant steel section of $H-300{\times}300{\times}10{\times}15$ for column and $H-400{\times}200{\times}8{\times}13$ for beam in Korea. But this way of determination of fire protection thickness yields very unduly results. Because the temperature-increment rate of structural steel elements depends mainly on magnitude of their cross-areas. In general, the thicker size of cross-areas for structural elements, the lower temperature shows up. It had already proved that the fire protection thickness only depends on the size of cross-areas and the fire protection method for three-fide or four-side exposed conditions in European countries, the United State of America and so on. To demonstrate there would be differences among various cross-areas for structural elements, we conducted several fire tests with full-scale specimens of beams and columns. For the determination of critical temperature for steel section when the fire resistant performance is needed to be decided, we conducted with a loaded fire test for beam and column, respectively. The small column in 1.0 meter length and beam in 1.5 meter length were used in order to deprive the rational fire protection thickness of structural elements such as beam and column, respectively. After test, we could obtain there were significant temperature lass between higher cross-areas and lower cross-areas. The critical temperature of steel as a criterion is used 538$^{\circ}C$ for column and 593$^{\circ}C$ for beam which is from ASTM E 119 because we don't make provisions as critical temperature by elements. We could consider that the best way of determination of fire protection thickness is using the following multi-regression equation which was deprived from several fire tests using the concept of section factor, FR(column) = 0.17 +5191.49t A/Hp + 40.77t, FR(beam) = 0.25 +6899.31t A/Hp + 32.60t(where, FR means fire resistant time, t means thickness, A means cross-area and Hp means heated parameter).

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.1165-1168
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• 2005

We review discharge characteristics of fluorescent lamps having noncircular cross sections. The developmental and theoretical history of noncircular cross-section lamps is summarized chronologically. In particular, discharge characteristics of noncircular cross-section lamps will be summarized and analyzed including plasma contraction, electron temperature, and ambipolar diffusion loss, which might give us some insights into the way to develop more efficient and uniform flat fluorescent lamps, which have recently arisen as a new light source of large-size backlight units for LCD TV applications.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.865-878
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• 2015

In order to construct a multiscale model for the compressive strength of plain concrete columns with circular cross section subjected to central longitudinal compressive load, a column failure mechanism is proposed based on the theory of internal instability. Based on an energy analysis, the multiscale model is developed to describe the failure process and predict the column's compressive strength. Comparisons of the predicted results with experimental data show that the proposed multiscale model can accurately represent both the compressive strength of the concrete columns with circular cross section, and the effect of column size on its strength.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.133-142
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• 2019

In the present study, microstructure-dependent static stability analysis of inhomogeneous tapered micro-columns is performed. It is considered that the micro column is made of functionally graded materials and has a variable cross-section. The material and geometrical properties of micro column vary continuously throughout the axial direction. Euler-Bernoulli beam and modified couple stress theories are used to model the nonhomogeneous micro column with variable cross section. Rayleigh-Ritz solution method is implemented to obtain the critical buckling loads for various parameters. A detailed parametric study is performed to examine the influences of taper ratio, material gradation, length scale parameter, and boundary conditions. The validity of the present results is demonstrated by comparing them with some related results available in the literature. It can be emphasized that the size-dependency on the critical buckling loads is more prominent for bigger length scale parameter-to-thickness ratio and changes in the material gradation and taper ratio affect significantly the values of critical buckling loads.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.57-65
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• 2020

This study covered the Mulmae, architectural drawing recorded on Yeonggeon-uigwes and Sanleung-uigwes during the late Joseon Dynasty. In uigwes, the term 'Mulmae' was used as a mixture until the 17th century, but from the 18th century, the term 'Mulmae(勿乙每, 勿每, 水每)' was unified into 'Mulmae(水每)'. The paper of the Mulmae was made to be used during the construction period by using a thick oil paper called Yudun. Four Yudun were connected, and its size was 197.4×141cm, which was rather large. The Yingzaofashi(營造法式) of Song Dynasty describes how to draw a longitudinal section on a scale of 1/10. The scale of 1/10 was the maximum when comparing the size of the Mulmae with the buildings in uigwes. A sectional drawing of Gongpo in Geunjeongjeon was drawn on a scale of 1/10. There is a testimony that a senior carpenter drew a cross-section on a scale of 1/10. Therefore, it was determined that the scale of the longitudinal section drawn on the Mulmae paper was 1/10. The term 'the Mulmae' was used equally by carpenter active in Japanese colonial era. The scope of the painting was clarified from pillar to rafter. Uigwes records that the Mulmae was made for wood processing. Through this, it can be understood that the Mulmae painted the entire structure as a longitudinal section.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 2004

The Purpose of this study is provide fundamental data on a suitable sizes of ready-to-wear for women. The subjects of the survey were 300 female of 18 to 24 years old. They were measured direct anthropometry. Height, bust girth, waist girth and hip girth were grouped by KS interval. Data were analyzed by use of Cross Tab method. The results of this study were as follows. Body group of the anthropometric measurements were summed up as follows. Height was divided into 4 section(155-170), bust girth was divided into 7 section(76-94), waist girth was divided into 6 section(61-76) and hip girth was divided into 9 section(84-100). The characteristics of cross tab can be summarized as follows. Section with application ratio are 155-160cm of height, 82-85cm for bust girth, 64-70cm for waist girth and 86-94cm for hip girth. The sizes of high cover ratio of well-fitting jacket, dress, coat and one-piece was 17 sizes, well-fitting an upper garment and the whole body garment item except that was 16 sizes, and a lower garment was 21 sizes.