• Title/Summary/Keyword: A Serious Game

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Analysis of Threats and Countermeasures on Mobile Smartphone (스마트폰 보안위협과 대응기술 분석)

  • Jeon, Woong-Ryul;Kim, Jee-Yeon;Lee, Young-Sook;Won, Dong-Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.153-163
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    • 2011
  • Smartphone is a mobile device which can perform better than feature phone. Recently, growth in demand for advanced mobile devices boasting powerful performance, market share of smartphone is increasing rapidly in mobile device market, for example, iphone and android phone. Smartphone can provide many functionalities, e-mail, scheduler, word-processing, 3D-game, and etc, based on its powerful performance. Thus, various secret information is integrated in smartphone. To provide service, sometimes, smartphone transmits informations to outside via wireless network. Because smartphone is a mobile device, user can lose his/her smartphone, easily, and losing smartphone can cause serious security threats, because of integrated information in smartphone. Also data which is transmitted in wireless network can be protected for privacy. Thus, in present, it is very important to keep secure smartphone. In this paper, we analyze threats and vulnerabilities of smartphone based on its environments and describe countermeasures against threats and vulnerabilities.

Metaverse Augmented Reality Research Trends Using Topic Modeling Methodology (토픽 모델링 기법을 활용한 메타버스 증강현실 연구 동향 분석)

  • An, Jaeyoung;Shim, Soyun;Yun, Haejung
    • Knowledge Management Research
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.123-142
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    • 2022
  • The non-face-to-face environment accelerated by COVID-19 has speeded up the dissemination of digital virtual ecosystems and metaverse. In order for the metaverse to be sustainable, digital twins that are compatible with the real world are key, and critical technology for that is AR (Augmented Reality). In this study, we examined research trends about AR, and will propose the directions for future AR research. We conducted LDA based topic modeling on 11,049 abstracts of published domestic and foreign AR related papers from 2009 to Mar 2022, and then looked into AR that was comprehensive research trends, comparison of domestic and foreign research trends, and research trends before and after the popularity of metaverse concepts. As a result, the topics of AR related research were deduced from 11 topics such as device, network communication, surgery, digital twin, education, serious game, camera/vision, color application, therapy, location accuracy, and interface design. After popularity of metaverse, 6 topics were deduced such as camera/vision, training, digital twin, surgical/surgical, interaction performance, and network communication. We will expect, through this study, to encourage active research on metaverse AR with convergent characteristics in multidisciplinary fields and contribute to giving useful implications to practitioners.

Dynamic Limit and Predatory Pricing Under Uncertainty (불확실성하(不確實性下)의 동태적(動態的) 진입제한(進入制限) 및 약탈가격(掠奪價格) 책정(策定))

  • Yoo, Yoon-ha
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.151-166
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    • 1991
  • In this paper, a simple game-theoretic entry deterrence model is developed that integrates both limit pricing and predatory pricing. While there have been extensive studies which have dealt with predation and limit pricing separately, no study so far has analyzed these closely related practices in a unified framework. Treating each practice as if it were an independent phenomenon is, of course, an analytical necessity to abstract from complex realities. However, welfare analysis based on such a model may give misleading policy implications. By analyzing limit and predatory pricing within a single framework, this paper attempts to shed some light on the effects of interactions between these two frequently cited tactics of entry deterrence. Another distinctive feature of the paper is that limit and predatory pricing emerge, in equilibrium, as rational, profit maximizing strategies in the model. Until recently, the only conclusion from formal analyses of predatory pricing was that predation is unlikely to take place if every economic agent is assumed to be rational. This conclusion rests upon the argument that predation is costly; that is, it inflicts more losses upon the predator than upon the rival producer, and, therefore, is unlikely to succeed in driving out the rival, who understands that the price cutting, if it ever takes place, must be temporary. Recently several attempts have been made to overcome this modelling difficulty by Kreps and Wilson, Milgram and Roberts, Benoit, Fudenberg and Tirole, and Roberts. With the exception of Roberts, however, these studies, though successful in preserving the rationality of players, still share one serious weakness in that they resort to ad hoc, external constraints in order to generate profit maximizing predation. The present paper uses a highly stylized model of Cournot duopoly and derives the equilibrium predatory strategy without invoking external constraints except the assumption of asymmetrically distributed information. The underlying intuition behind the model can be summarized as follows. Imagine a firm that is considering entry into a monopolist's market but is uncertain about the incumbent firm's cost structure. If the monopolist has low cost, the rival would rather not enter because it would be difficult to compete with an efficient, low-cost firm. If the monopolist has high costs, however, the rival will definitely enter the market because it can make positive profits. In this situation, if the incumbent firm unwittingly produces its monopoly output, the entrant can infer the nature of the monopolist's cost by observing the monopolist's price. Knowing this, the high cost monopolist increases its output level up to what would have been produced by a low cost firm in an effort to conceal its cost condition. This constitutes limit pricing. The same logic applies when there is a rival competitor in the market. Producing a high cost duopoly output is self-revealing and thus to be avoided. Therefore, the firm chooses to produce the low cost duopoly output, consequently inflicting losses to the entrant or rival producer, thus acting in a predatory manner. The policy implications of the analysis are rather mixed. Contrary to the widely accepted hypothesis that predation is, at best, a negative sum game, and thus, a strategy that is unlikely to be played from the outset, this paper concludes that predation can be real occurence by showing that it can arise as an effective profit maximizing strategy. This conclusion alone may imply that the government can play a role in increasing the consumer welfare, say, by banning predation or limit pricing. However, the problem is that it is rather difficult to ascribe any welfare losses to these kinds of entry deterring practices. This difficulty arises from the fact that if the same practices have been adopted by a low cost firm, they could not be called entry-deterring. Moreover, the high cost incumbent in the model is doing exactly what the low cost firm would have done to keep the market to itself. All in all, this paper suggests that a government injunction of limit and predatory pricing should be applied with great care, evaluating each case on its own basis. Hasty generalization may work to the detriment, rather than the enhancement of consumer welfare.

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Injuries of the Elite Taekwondo Players in the International Tournament Performance - Analysis of the 2011 Gyeongju World Taekwondo Championship - (엘리트 태권도 선수의 국제 대회 경기 중의 손상 - 2011 경주 세계 태권도 선수권 대회의 분석 -)

  • Kim, Jong Pil;Chung, Phil Hyun;Kang, Suk;Kim, Young Sung;Lee, Ho Min;Choi, Young Hwa
    • Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.86-93
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the injuries of the national elite Taekwondo players with the best performance in the international championship competition. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two athletes who got the injury in the 2011 Gyeongju World Taekwondo Championship competition were included in this sturdy. 950 members of national team of 146 countries participated in this game, 1,063 matches were performed. We analyzed the characteristics of the injuries such as injury rate by gender, age, weight class, injured region and injury type. Results: Fifty-two athletes of 950 athletes in 1,063 matches got injured and injury rate was 5.47 per 100 participants and 24.47/1,000 athlete-exposures. Injury rate of female athletes was higher than mail, but there was no significant statistical difference (p=0.512). Injury rate of over 30 years old was 17.39 per 100 participants, and injury rate of over 87 kg in male weight class and 68 to 73kg in female weight class were highest than other groups, but there was no significant statistical difference (p=0.838). Overall injury rate of the lower extremity was 13.17/1,000 A-E, higher than upper extremity or head and neck or trunk, but injury rate of the hand was 5.17/1,000 A-E, highest as a specific injured region, followed by the knee, 4.70/1,000 A-E (p=0.714). Injury rate of the sprain was 10.81/1,000 A-E, highest as an injury type, the second most common injury type was the fracture, 5.40/1,000 A-E in men, and was the contusion, 9.63/1,000 A-E in women (p=0.033). As one of the most serious injury, 4 of 8 fractures were occurred in hand. Conclusion: Overall injury rate of the elite Taekwondo players in 2011 Gyeongju World Taekwondo Championship was 5.47 per 100 participants and 24.46 per 1,000 athlete exposures. Although the most common type of injury was the sprain of the knee and ankle, the fractures were more commonly occurred in hand.

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Study on the Legal Issues of New Draft of Civil Aviation Law in China (중국 민용항공법 개정 최근 동향과 주요 법적쟁점)

  • Lee, Hwa
    • The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.177-214
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    • 2016
  • During more than 20 years of practice, Civil Aviation Law has experienced three times of amendments since it was enacted in 1995. But these revisions are limited to the technical level. The problems and limitations have become increasingly prominent in its implementation. Firstly, the civil aviation law is the result of interests game among several departments and some legal issues was left behind and the regulation was very vague as a result. Secondly, the process of aviation legislation is the process that the country has undergone profound changes and social transformation. The 20 years is long enough for the society to undergo tremendous changes and 1995 version of civil aviation law does not keep pace of development of economy. There was a serious lag between reality and the law. In order to actively promote the development of the aviation industry and overcome implementation issues of the Civil Aviation Law, Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) initiated modification procedure the law and published new draft of Civil Aviation Law in August 2016. The spirit of this modification is to learn and absorb new achievements of domestic and foreign legislation and the International Convention on civil aviation. Furthermore, the purpose of the revision is to provide favorable policy for the development of civil aviation industry and improve aviation safety and supervision, strengthen and protection of consumer rights and interests, to enhance the safety of civil aviation activities, and promote the development of general aviation. This revision concerned to the 78 articles which are revised or deleted and 24 articles added. The highlights of the draft include but not limited to the enhancement of security management, clarification of the main responsibility for production safety. And also it added the provisions related to the construction of effective tracking capability of public air transport enterprises and license system on the transport of dangerous goods. Compared with the existing civil aviation law, the draft has made a great improvements. But there are several deficiencies and limitations in the drafts. These problems need to be supplemented and perfected through further amendments in near future.