• KIEAE Journal
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2002

The fields of green building and ecological design have much to offer to those who are seeking to improve the ecological impact of schools and school grounds. These well established disciplines are particularly useful to existing schools considering renovations to make them more energy, water, and resource efficient as well as healthier places to work and play, Green building and ecological design principles and techniques are also very effective, of course, if incorporated into the design for brand new school buildings. The major concept of the Eco-school plan is to understand that the school consists of an ecosystem, so the design concept should focus on minimising impact but at the same time maintaining close contact with the environment. T his is becoming the basic concept in applying the Eco-school design to the new 21st century school building. This thesis is an analysis on the methods of application, based on careful examination of case-studies from the U.S.A about detailed plan element and design method, through the following six aspects ; (1) site use plan, (2) green plan, (3) water system plan, (4) materials and recycling of resources, (5) energy use plan, (6) indoor environment plan.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2005

This study is the survey of a transition procedure of building services systems(heat source, HVAC, water supply) through the survey of existing office buildings, building design documents. The preference & major consideration of system selection is the engineer's opinions. The results of this survey can be used in selection of building services system design. In this survey, "Hot & cold water generator system" and "single duct CAV+FCU system", "Elevated water tank system" are selected. The most important consideration in system selection is the energy saving in heat source system, and comfort in HVAC system, and water pressure in water supply system. They prefer "steam boiler+absorption chiller system" for heat source system, "steam boiler+ice thermal storage system", "hot & cold water generator system", "district heating+absorption chiller system" : "single duct CAV+FCU system" and "single duct VAV+convector system" for HVAC system: and "booster pump system" for water supply system.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2006년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.721-724
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 분할기법을 이용하여 디지털논리스위칭함수를 구성하는 한가지 방법을 제안하였다. 먼저, 디지털논리시스템에 대한 분할기법의 개념을 서술하였고, 본 논문에서 사용되는 각종 정의에 대해 논의하였다. 또한, 제안한 방법으로 구한 디지털논리스위칭함수를 회로설계하기 위해 먼저, 각각의 분할함수에 기초를 둔 Building Block(BB)을 구성에 대해 서술하였다. 그리고 이들 BB를 근간으로 회로설계하는 방법에 대해 논의하였다. 그리고 제안한 방법을 적용 예를 들어 그 결과를 기존의 방법과 비교 및 검토하였다. 그 결과 기존의 방법에 비해 효과적인 cost를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2022

Recent settlements and sinkhole openings in urban areas have caused social problems such as damage to roads and structures, fear of the public, and loss of property. Several studies have demonstrated that surface subsidence and sinkhole opening are greatly affected by rainfall and rainfall intensity in urban areas. In this paper, we analyzed the relationship with the characteristics of recorded rainfall data using the ground subsidence database reported in major cities. The correlations were found using sedimentation and precipitation data from 2010 to 2014. The duration and intensity of a given precipitation have evolved to obtain an effect on ground sedimentation rate (SR). The results show that the relationship between SR and precipitation is asymptotic and can be modeled by a hyperbolic equation. Through this study, it is possible to predict the occurrence of ground subsidence due to precipitation in advance.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2022

'기후 위기에 대처하기 위한 탄소 중립 및 녹색 성장에 관한 기본법' 이 제정됨에 따라, 탄소중립 달성을 위한 다양한 부문별 계획들(NDC)이 시행되고 있다. 학교시설은 '제로에너지건축물 인증'의 의무대상 건축물이며, 공공기관 건축물 중 가장 높은 비중을 차지하는 건물로, 탄소중립 시나리오의 건물부문에서 주요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 이러한 학교시설의 건물에너지관리시스템 보급 활성화 및 효율적인 운영관리를 위한 기초자료 제공을 위하여, 최근 에너지사용 동향과 제로에너지수준을 다양한 방면에서 분석하였으며, 학교시설에 적용된 BEMS의 효과 및 사용자 의견을 조사하였다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2001

This paper represents results of an effort to seismically rehabilitate a 12-story nonductile reinforced concrete frame building. The frame located in the most severe seismic area, zone 4, is assumed to be designed and detailed for gravity load requirements only. Both pushover and nonlinear time-history analyses are carried out to determine strength, deformation capacity and the vulnerability of the building. The analysis indicates a drift concentration at the $1^{st}$ floor level due to inadequate strength and ductility capacity of the ground floor columns. The capacity curve of the structure, when superimposed on the average demand response spectrum for the ensemble of scaled earthquakes indicates that the structure is extremely weak and requires a major retrofit. The retrofit of the building is attempted using viscoelastic (VE) dampers. The dampers at each floor level are sized in order to reduce the elastic story drift ratios to within 1%. It is found that this requires substantially large dampers that are not practically feasible. With practical size dampers, the analyses of the viscoelastically damped building indicates that the damper sizes provided are not sufficient enough to remove the biased response and drift concentration of the building. The results indicate that VE-dampers alone are not sufficient to rehabilitate such a concrete frame. Concrete buildings, in general, being stiffer require larger dampers. The second rehabilitation strategy uses concrete shearwalls. Shearwalls increased stiffness and strength of the building, which resulted in reducing the drift significantly. The effectiveness of VE-dampers in conjunction with stiff shearwalls was also studied. Considering the economy and effectiveness, it is concluded that shearwalls were the most feasible solution for seismic rehabilitation of such buildings.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2017

감성 분석은 글을 통해 작성자의 주관적인 생각이나 느낌을 분석하는 방법으로 효과적인 감성 분석을 위해서는 감성 단어 극성 사전 구축이 필수적이다. 본 논문은 효율적인 한국어 극성 사전 구축을 위해 우리가 개발한 크라우드소싱 기반 게임을 소개한다. 먼저, 크롤러를 이용해 인터넷 커뮤니티에서 말뭉치들을 수집했고, Twitter 형태소를 이용해 수집한 말뭉치를 형태소별로 분류하고 단어화했다. 이 단어들은 모바일 플랫폼 기반 태깅 게임 형태로 제공되어 게임플레이를 통해 플레이어들이 자발적으로 단어들의 극성을 선택하고 결과가 데이터 베이스에 축적되도록 게임이 설계되었다. 현재까지 약 1200여개의 단어들의 극성을 태깅하였으며, 향후 좀 더 많은 감성 단어 데이터들을 축적함으로써 특히 게임 도메인에서 한국어 감성 분석 연구에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.12-24
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• 2008

With recent emphasis on the creation of environment-friendly new towns, introduction of ecological facilities for habitation and migration of wild animal's species is requested when developing new towns. In order to introduce such facilities, building an eco-network within the site based on the connectivity of the source area and habitats is essential in new town development. Therefore, this study mainly aimed at selecting species targeted for building an eco-network in Pangyo new town, which is intended to be an environment-friendly city. Therefore, criteria for selecting target species were generated. Then, species observed within the site through field surveys and literature review was evaluated based on the selection criteria and items. By totaling the score, a list of appropriate targeted species was finalized. Among species surveyed and observed in the site, appropriate target species that may be selected for Pangyo new town's eco-network include Falco tinnunculus interstinctus, Accipiter soloensis, Picus canus, Paradoxornis webbiana, Parus palustris, Parus ater, Parus major and Passer montanus Egretta in birds, Asiatic chipmunk, Nyctereutes procyonoides in mammals. For Pangyo new town, it is essential to create living environment and build a network for major wild animal species within the site based on target species. This will play a crucial role in building a reasonable ecological network enabling harmonious co-existence between mankind and nature. In order to build an ecological network successfully, follow-up studies need to be conducted on restoration technology and methods required for creating habitats appropriate to target species.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

In this study, we survey the 2 buildings at the Central 1 and 8 buildings at the Central 2, which are divided by each climate region in the rural regions. Major heat loss factors are 47% loss of the outer shell including outer wall, roof, and bottom, 30% loss through window, and 23% loss through crevice wind. We analyze the energy simulation of ECO2 program to construct a zero energy building regarding village hall located in Jung Juk 4-le at Centeral 2. We simulate the primary energy requirement regarding village hall and the simulated results show the $265.3kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ and it may estimate '2' energy efficiency grade. The energy requirement regarding village hall is the $183.2kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ when the passive technology are applied in village hall. We research total amount of energy requirement in village hall when the passive and active technologies such as solar cell with 3kW and solar thermal with $20m^2$, geothermal power with 17.5kW. The simulated results show the improved energy efficiency certification grade with $1^{{+}{+}{+}}$ due to the reduced primary energy requirement with 73% when passive technology including 3kW of solar panel is applied and the energy independence rate is 54%, which is estimated to be 4th grade of zero energy buildings. The order of energy consumption are solar panel, solar thermal, and geothermal power under applied passive technology in the building. In order to expand the zero energy building, it is necessary to introduce the zero energy evaluation system in the rural region.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.168-175
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• 2011

Construction accidents are major problem in Turkish Construction industry and especially fatally rates are very high. Current legislative system on occupational safety in Turkey enforces employers to implement safety measures as well as safety management systems. However level of consciousness in the industry is unsatisfactory and safety are perceived as extra cost and unnecessary expenditure. Moreover, especially in small residential building constructions which have a big share in the industry and unfortunately safety measures to mitigate or abate construction risks do not exist. The study focuses on small residential building construction sites and in the scope of this study, thirty building projects are examined. For each building project, project cost including labour and material costs, service and consultancy costs for mechanical, electrical systems as well as architectural and structural services, costs for supervision and finally general expenditures for construction site facilities were calculated. On the other hand, occupational safety costs for personal protective equipment, collective protective measures, consultancy and training were determined. Work breakdown structures were established and for each work item firstly occupational risks were evaluated and furthermore according to risk scores safety measures to be implemented were defined and related costs were calculated. The study gave results for total safety cost on average, in terms of percentage of total project cost (3.73% of total project cost), safety cost per man-hour (0.40 USD) and safety cost in terms of unit construction area (11.60 USD per square meter). Since safety management is a part of whole project management process, study gives suggestions and techniques to calculate safety costs and implement safety measures as a part of project management service for professionals. Authors believe that suggested approach may easily developed by the usage of more data to establish a model for estimation not only for building construction sites but also for all construction projects.