• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.741-753
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• 2015

This study identified factors that influenced fashion consumers' purchase intentions for cross-border online shopping. This study utilized three outshopping motivation dimensions (utilitarian, social, and hedonic) to empirically verify research questions. The moderating effects of consumers' perceived risks between cross-border online shopping motivations and behavioral intention were also tested on Korean female consumers in their 20s to 40s who had experience purchasing fashion goods through a cross-border online shopping channel within a year. The research are as follows. First, the three motivations have positive effects on cross-border online shopping purchase intentions. Fashion consumers are greatly influenced by hedonic motivation compared to utilitarian and social motivations. Second, perceived risks do not negatively influence cross-border online shopping purchase intentions. Finally, there exists moderating effects of perceived risks between utilitarian motivation and cross-border online shopping purchase intentions. This study reveals motivational and moderating factors that influence fashion consumers to shop through a cross-border online shopping channel. It contributes to prior studies by extending the research range of cross-border online shopping into fashion. Marketers and retailers should note that fashion consumers are most influenced by hedonic motivation when shopping in cross-border online malls.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2020

Material extrusion (ME)-type 3D printing is the most popular among the 3D printing processes. In this study, the cross-section morphologies of ME-type 3D printing manufactured specimens were observed with respect to the thermal properties of the material. The cross-section morphology of a specimen is related to the deposition strength, and the outside profile of the cross-section is related to the surface roughness. The filaments used in this study, with different thermal conductivities, were the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), the high impact polystyrene (HIPS), the glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG), and the polylactic acid (PLA). The cross-sections and the surfaces of the 3D manufactured specimens were examined. In ME-type 3D printing, the filaments are extruded through a nozzle and they form a layer. These layers rapidly solidify and as a result, they become a product. The thermal conductivity of the material influences the cooling and solidification of the layers, and subsequently the cross-section morphology and the surface roughness.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to improve the cross-sectional area and height estimation method using stream width. Stream water levels should be calculated together to simulate inundation of agricultural land. However, cross-sectional survey data of small rural rivers are insufficient. The previous study has developed regression equations between the width and the cross-sectional area and between the width and the height of stream cross-section, but can not be applied to a wide range of stream widths. In this study, cross-sectional survey data of 6 streams (Doowol, Chungmi, Jiseok, Gam, Wonpyeong, and Bokha stream) were collected and divided into upstream, midstream and downstream considering the locations of cross-sections. The regression equations were estimated using the complete data. $R^2$ between the stream width and cross-sectional area was 0.96, and $R^2$ between width and height was 0.81. The regression equations were also estimated using divided data for upstream, midstream and downstream considering the locations of cross-sections. The range of $R^2$ between the stream width and cross-sectional area was 0.86 - 0.91, and the range of $R^2$ between width and height was 0.79 ? 0.92. As a result of estimating the cross-sections of 6 rivers using the regression equations, the regression equations considering the locations of cross-sections showed better performance both in the cross-sectional area and height estimation than the regression equations estimated using the complete data. Hydrologic Engineering Center - River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) was used to simulate the flood stage analysis of the estimated and the measured cross-sections for 50-year, 100-year, and 200-year frequency floods. As a result of flood stage analysis, the regression equations considering the locations of cross-sections also showed better performance than the regression equations estimated using the complete data. Future research would be needed to consider the factors affecting the cross-sectional shape such as river slope and average flow velocity. This study can be useful for inundation simulation of agricultural land adjacent to an unmeasured stream.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.27-35
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• 2021

This study investigated the change in stiffness and deflection of a scaffold working plate caused by damage to a cross-beam in the plate. Experiments were conducted considering various load and damage conditions of cross-beams. A cross-beam falling off from the working plate was considered damaged. The load-displacement curves of specimens at the center of the uniform load showed that the working plate stiffness decreased by 14.66%-1.89%, depending on the load interval due to the damage of one cross-beam. A reduction in the stiffness of 33.94%-40.76% resulted from the damage of two cross-beams. Moreover, the displacement increased by an average of 25% when one cross-beam was damaged and an average of 65% when two cross-beams were damaged. Therefore, damage to the cross-beam in the working plate can potentially cause accidents and harm workers. As the load increases, the risk of an accident due to the aforementioned damage also increases because the stiffness remarkably decreases with the load increase. Further, the damage to the cross-beam mainly reduces the stiffness but increases the displacement rather than the strength of the working scaffold plate.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.335-344
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine male students' awareness and receptivity of cross-sexual fashion. The subjects in this study were 480 male university students and 320 high school boys. After a survey was conducted in August 2007, the following findings were given: 1. How much the students were interested in fashion was investigated, and they thought of fashion often, Even though nothing any fashion shopping plan they were interested display of fashion market and logged onto online fashion shopping malls frequently. 2. As for awareness of cross-sexual, they got a mean of 2.79(1.10), which indicated their awareness level was below the average. Those who were more intrigued by fashion, who were university students and who had a girl friend were better cognizant of cross-sexual. 3. To what extent they were receptive to cross-sexual fashion was checked in terms of clothes, haircare, skin care, accessories and perfume/cosmetic surgery and they were most receptive to cross-sexual haircare(3.49). Those who cared more about fashion were more receptive to cross-sexual. The Value of clothes and perfume/cosmetic surgery for university students was higher than the high school students. 4. They were most receptive to other's cross-sexual haircare(3.51) and to other's cross-sexual clothes(2.77) the least. Those who were more intrigued by fashion were more receptive to others seeking after cross-sexual. The Value of clothes sand perfume/cosmetic surgery for university students was higher than the high school students. 5. There was a strong correlational relationship among their interest in fashion, awareness of cross-sexual, receptivity to their own being a cross-sexual man and receptivity to others who are cross-sexual. The findings of the study illustrated that those who were more intrigued by fashion and who were better aware of cross-sexual were more receptive to cross-sexual fashion.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2020

This study performed a single hole operation method using a balancing well-cross-mixed underground heat exchanger, and conducted thermal performance studies of an SCW-type underground heat exchanger using a two-well. The study attempted to change the existing operating method of the two adjacent SCW underground heat exchangers with one ball each. The SCW-type geothermal heat exchanger is considered to enable up to 20% of bleed discharge at maximum load, which makes groundwater usage unequal. The efficiency factor of the geothermal system was improved by constructing the discharged water by cross-mixing two balancing wells to prevent the discharge of groundwater sources and keep the temperature of the underground heat exchanger constant. As a result of the cooling and heating operation with the existing SCW heat exchange system and the balancing well-cross-mixed heat exchange system, the measured performance coefficient improved by 23% and 12% in cooling and heating operations, respectively. In addition, when operating with a balanced cross-mixing heat exchange system, it has been confirmed that the initial basement temperature is constant with a standard deviation of 0.08 to 0.12℃.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2018

Background: Fatty degeneration of rotator cuff is a well-known predictor of postoperative outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of rotator cuff tears involving subscapularis, and investigate whether fatty degeneration quantified from only the upper subscapularis correlates better with clinical outcomes than quantified from the whole subscapularis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 315 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic repair for rotator cuff tears involving subscapularis with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Preoperative and postoperative visual analogue score for pain, range of motion and functional scores were assessed. Integrity of the repaired tendon was assessed at the 1-year follow-up with either magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonography. Results: The mean Goutallier grade of whole cross-section was significantly lower than that of upper cross-section (1.59 vs. 1.71, p<0.05), but significantly higher than that of lower cross-section (1.59 vs. 1.01, p<0.05). In analysis of 37 re-tears, the occupancy of severe fatty degeneration in upper cross-section was 86.5%, which was significantly higher than that seen in whole cross-section (56.8%, p<0.05). We calculated the cut-off tear size for prediction of re-tears as 19.0 mm for retraction and 11.0 mm for superior-inferior. The cut-off Goutallier grade was 2.5 for both whole and upper cross-sections, but area under the curve was greater in the upper cross-section than the whole (0.911 vs. 0.807). Conclusions: As fatty degeneration of upper subscapularis demonstrated a more distinct spectrum than whole subscapularis, we suggest that measuring fatty degeneration of upper subscapularis can be a more useful method to predict clinical prognosis.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1894-1906
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the setting and directions of cross-curricular learning topics based on research on experts' recognition of cross-curricular learning topics. The study method adopted was Delphi, and the subjects selected were curricular experts. This study has drawn following results: first, regarding the essence and problems of cross-curricular learning topics, even among the experts, there is no opinion agreed about cross-curricular learning topics' concept, essence, or characters. Second, more detailed discussion is demanded to select cross-curricular learning topics and set up a guideline about the operation. Third, it is needed to examine closely if presently suggested cross-curricular learning topics are duplicated or not and consider related subjects connected with those cross-curricular learning topics to improve education more systematically. Fourth, it is necessary to conduct more profound and systematic research on core competence that can embrace those cross-curricular learning topics. Fifth, to cope with changes in society and demands at school, it is needed to discuss how cross-curricular learning topics should be added or which learning topics should be added.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2020

In high resolution imaging devices, smaller aperture in the color filter causes cross talk which provides incorrect information. Plasmonic color filters (PCFs) have been reported as an alternative of the conventional color resist based-color filter (CRCF) and many studies on PCFs demonstrated the filtering function by PCFs with a sub-micron size. In this work, we investigated the cross talk performance of PCFs compared to CRCFs. The effect of cross talk over distance from the filter were measured for each filter. Despite poorer spectral filtering characteristics, PCFs were more robust against cross talk than CRCFs. Also, the further away from the filter, the more cross talk appeared. As a result, PCFs showed less cross talk than CRCFs at about 82% of the results measured at a distance of 2~10 ㎛. This study will help to make practical use of PCFs in high-resolution imaging applications.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.50-55
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• 2012

This study compared cross-national Twitter use between Korea and Japan. The main exploratory variables were a) cultural traits and b) disclosure of geographic information. Twitter use was measured by the degree of reciprocity and the numbers of Tweets, followings, and followers. Data were collected using API-based software and analyzed with independent samples t-tests. Content analysis was conducted to validate the findings. The results indicate that Korean and Japanese users employ their own communication strategies reflecting their cultural orientation.