• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.80-97
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 조선시대 후기부터 현재까지 보존된 경복궁, 창덕궁 그리고 칠궁 내 일부 전각의 도배지를 채취하여 조선 왕실에서 도배지로 사용한 종이의 종류와 특징을 파악하고자 하였다. 이에 첫 번째로, 고문헌 조사를 바탕으로 왕실에서 사용된 도배지 기록을 통해 왕실에서의 도배 특성을 확인하였다. 두 번째로, 건립 시기가 비교적 분명한 전각을 대상으로 현장 조사를 실시하여 시료확보 후 초배지 분석을 실시하였다. 따라서 왕실 도배지로 활용된 한지의 주원료를 확인하였으며, 청색 장식지 분석을 통해 격식을 갖춰야 하는 공간에 사용된 청색 발색물질(염료·안료)의 종류를 파악하였다. 분석을 통해 확인한 결과를 토대로 조선시대 궁궐 도배지와 관련한 고문헌 기록과 대조함으로써 문헌의 기록과 현존 도배지 실물을 확인하고, 향후 궁궐 도배지의 보수 시 문화재 복원의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 17~20세기 영건의궤류 36건 등에 기록된 도배 관련 내용을 추출하여 시기별 도배지 종류 변화, 사용처에 따른 도배지 종류 등의 내용을 검토한 결과, 의궤 제작용 한지와 도배용 한지의 명칭이 다르지 않아 조선시대에는 문서지와 도배지를 구분하지 않고 사용했음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 시대별 도배지의 종류는 차이가 있지만 백지, 후백지, 저주지, 초주지, 각장이 도배의 기저를 이루는 것은 조선 말기까지 지속된 것이 확인된다. 궁궐 벽체와 직접 붙어있던 면의 초배지를 대상으로 섬유의 형태학적 특성 및 정색 반응(KS M ISO 9184-4: 그라프 "C" 염색 시험)을 통해 섬유 식별을 실시한 결과, 왕실에서 도배지로 활용된 한지의 주원료를 확인하였으며 전각의 건립 시기에 따라 당시 한지를 제작하는 데 사용한 지료의 원재료를 파악하였다. 또한 청색 장식지의 발색원료를 광학현미경, 자외-가시광 분광분석(UV-Vis), X선 회절분석(XRD)을 통해 분석한 결과 격식을 갖춰야 하는 공간에 사용된 청색 장식지의 염료 및 안료의 종류를 파악하였으며 청색을 내기 위한 원료로서 쪽, 청금석, 코발트블루 등이 사용된 것이 확인되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2000

적변인삼의 원인 물질을 구명코저 인삼뿌리의 적변현상과 항산화 활성과의 상관관계를 조사하기 위하여 적변뿌리와 건전뿌리의 각 부위별 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 적변삼의 표피와 피층조직의 superoxide dismutase(SOD) 활성(units/mg protein)은 각각 126.9와 79.6으로 정상뿌리에 비해 각각 3.5배, 2.0배 높았다. 적변뿌리의 catalase활성은 약 1.6배 높았으나, peroxidase 활성은 오히려 약간 낮았다. 적변뿌리 각 조직의 DPPH 자유라디칼 포착활성은 정상뿌리에 비해 약 2.0배 높았다. 정상뿌리의 ascorbate 함량은 조직에 따라 약간의 차이를 나타내었지만(166~240 $\mu$g/g fr. wt.), 산화형dehydroascorbate(DHA) 함량이 전체 ascorbate 함량의 약 97~79%를 차지하였다. 적변뿌리의 전체 ascorbate함량은 정상뿌리와 비슷하였지만 환원형 ascorbate의 함량은 조직에 따라 다르지만 정상뿌리에 비해 3.5~7.5배 높았다. 적변뿌리의 표피조직, 피층조직, 중심주 조직의 전체 glutathione 함량은 정상조직에 비해 각각 7.3배, 4.8배, 1.2배 높았다. 적변화에 따른 환원형 glutathione(GSH)과 산화형 glutathione(GSSG)의 함량비는 전체 glutathione 함량변화와 비슷하였다. 이상의 결과는 인삼의 적변조직은 어떤 외부스트레스에 의해 과다하게 발생되는 활성산소종을 제거하기 위하여 SOD 활성, 환원형 ascorbate 함량, 환원형 glutathione 함량이 크게 증가하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 약주의 이취와 갈변 원인물질을 알아보기 위해 제균한 누룩추출물을 첨가하여 약주를 제조하고 특성을 확인하였다. 알코올 함량은 재래누룩에서 16.33%, 개량누룩에서 18.67%로 개량누룩에서 1.1배 높게 나타났다. 산도(mL/10 mL)는 재래누룩 5.07, 개량누룩 8.32, 아미노산도 함량(mL/10 mL)도 각각 1.61, 4.72로 개량누룩이 약 2.9배 증가하였다. 당화력에 크게 영향을 미치는 글루코아밀레이스는 재래누룩에 비해 개량누룩이 3.2-44.0배 높은 활성을 보였고, 가용 고형물(r =0.965)과 색차(r =0.954)와 매우 높은 상관성을 보였다. 유기산은 숙신산과 젖산 함량이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 유리 질소화합물 함량(mg/L)은 재래누룩 540.0, 개량누룩 2285.9로 개량누룩에서 4.2배 높게 나타났다. 각 누룩추출물 약주의 이취 및 갈변은 유리질소화합물(r =0.539, 0.792)과 높은 상관성을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1488-1495
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of post-harvest storage duration and wheat variety on the digestibility and energy content of new season wheat fed to finishing pigs. Two wheat varieties (Shi and Zhong) were harvested in 2013 and stored in the warehouse of the Fengning Pig Experimental Base at China Agricultural University for 3, 6, 9, or 12 mo. For each storage period, 12 barrows were placed in metabolism crates and allotted to diets containing 1 of the 2 wheat varieties in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets contained 97.34% wheat and 2.66% of a vitamin and trace mineral premix. With an extension of storage duration from 3 mo to 12 mo, the gross energy (GE) and crude protein (CP) of the wheat decreased by 2.0% and 12.01%, respectively, while the concentration of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and starch content increased by 30.26%, 19.08%, and 2.46%, respectively. Total non-starch polysaccharide, total arabinose, total xylose and total mannose contents decreased by 46.27%, 45.80%, 41.71%, and 75.66%, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the chemical composition between the two wheat varieties with the exception of ADF which was approximately 13.37% lower in Shi. With an extension of storage duration from 3 mo to 12 mo, the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) content and the apparent total tract digestibility of GE, CP, dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, ADF and metabolizability of energy in wheat decreased linearly (p<0.01) by 5.74%, 7.60%, 3.75%, 3.88%, 3.50%, 2.47%, 26.22%, 27.62%, and 3.94%, respectively. But the digestibility of NDF changed quadratically (p<0.01). There was an interaction between wheat variety and storage time for CP digestibility (p<0.05), such that the CP digestibility of variety Zhong was stable during 9 mo of storage, while the CP digestibility of variety Shi decreased (p<0.05). In conclusion, the GE, DE, and ME of wheat was stable during the first 3 to 6 mo of post-harvest storage, and decreased during the following 6 to 12 mo of storage under the conditions of this study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7211-7217
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• 2015

Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic roles of serum osteopontin (OPN) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the OPN promoter in patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: Four groups were studied, which included 157 patients with HCC, 73 with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 97 with chronic hepatitis (CH), along with 80 healthy subjects. Serum OPN and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were measured. The SNPs -66 T/G, -156 G/${\Delta}G$ and -433 C/T within the OPN promoter were determined by direct sequencing. Results: Serum OPN levels were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in the other groups. Area under receiver operating characteristics curves in distinguishing HCC from chronic liver disease (CLD; CH and LC) were 0.782 (95% CI; 0.729-0.834) for OPN and 0.888 (95% CI; 0.850-0.927) for AFP. Using the optimal cut-off value (70 ng/mL), OPN had sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 71%, respectively. Serum OPN was superior to AFP in detecting early-stage HCC (68% vs. 46%). A combination of both markers yielded an improved sensitivity for detecting early HCC to 82%. A high OPN level was significantly correlated with advanced BCLC stage and was an independent prognostic factor for HCC. The SNPs -156 and -443 were associated with susceptibility to HCC, but were not related to overall survival. Conclusions: Serum OPN is a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for HCC. The combined use of serum OPN and AFP improved the diagnosis of early HCC. Genetic variation in the OPN promoter is associated with the risk, but not the prognosis of HCC.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 1975

Total body perfusion using Sarns Heart-Lung-Machine, five head pump motor system with Travenol disposable bubble oxygenator was attempted in the dogs by the hemodilution method with total prime of buffered Hartman`s solution under moderate hypothermia. The first of all, the functions of Sarns Heart-Lung-Machine and effects of the hemodilution perfusion by buffered Hartman`s solution was studied. At the same time the changes of pressure of artery and vein, gas contents of the blood, and influence on the blood pictures were observed before, during, and after perfusion in 1-2 days. Hemodilution rates were the ranges of 85.0ml/kg to 97.3ml/kg and perfusion flow rates were maintained with the average 80. 5ml/kg/min [the ranges of 73.3ml/kg/min to 92.8ml/kg/min]. Hypothermia was employed between $35^{\circ}C$ and $31^{\circ} of the esophageal temperature. The total body perfusion was continued for 50-60 minutes. In the total cardiopulmonary bypass, atriotomy, ventriculotomy, and atrioventriculotomy were performed respectively. Arterial pressure was ranged approximately between 50 mmHg and 140 mmHg, but generally, it was maintained over 75 mmHg. Venous pressure was measured between 3.8 cm$H_2O$ and 16.0 cm$H_2O$. Optimum oxygenation could be achieved when oxygen flow into the oxygenator was maintained approximately at 5. 5L/min. In this way, the $pO_2$, $pCO_2$, and oxygen saturation were measured before, during, and afterperfusion in 1-2 days. The $pCO_2$ ranged approximately between 26.0 mmHg and 38.5 mmHg, but generally, it was maintained in the average 30.9-32.5mmHg. The $pO_2$ was ranged between 73.0mmHg and 332.2 mmHg, but it was maintained in the average 103.0-219.0 mmHg. Oxygen saturation was measured over 95. 0% during and after extracorporeal circulation respectively. Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and leucocyte count were decreased to 49.2%, 49.0%, 49.4%, and 21. 1% of the preoperative value during extracorporeal circulation respectively and these reductions were not recovered until 1-2 days after perfusion. These. resulted from relatively high degree of hemodilution rate and operative bleeding during these experimental studies. The platelets count was also decreased about to 71% during perfusion, on the contrary, it was increased progressively after perfusion and in 1-21 days after perfusion, the value was returned to preoperative contro1 level. Three dogs were all recovered after extracorporeal circulation.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.149-159
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• 1996

This descriptive correlational study was undertaken in order to investigate the relationship of family support and personality with quality of life in patients receiving radiotherapy for cervix cancer and to provide basic data to help them improve a better quality of life. The subjects for this study Were 80 out-patients undergoing a radiation therapy at C university hospital in K-city, from April, 1992 to October, 1994. The data were obtained using a convenience sampling technique. The tools used for this study were Ro's quality of life scale, Kang's family support scale and Wallston & others health locus of control scale. The collected data were analyzed by the SAS program using percentage, mean, standard deviation, pearson's correlation coefficients. The result were as follows : 1. The total average score of the quality of life of the subjects was 138.95(minimum score 121-maximum score 164), item mean score(range 1-5) was 2.95. The total average score of the family support of the subjects was 32.55 (minimum score 16-maximum score 47), item mean score(range 1-5) was 2.95 The total average score of the health locus of control of the subjects was 37.00 (minimum score 24-maximum score 49), item mean score (range 1-6) was 3.36. 2 The results of the analysis of the relationship between the quality of life scale and the health locus of control were as follows : the total average score in the quality of life of internal locus of control scale was 136.97, the total average score in the quality of life of external locus of control scale was 144.90. 3. There was a significant positive correlation between the health locus of control and the quality of life(r = 0.2927, p<0.01). The result of the analysis of the relationship between the each factor in the quality of life and health locus of control were as follows : There were significant differences between the health locus of control and emotional state factor(r=0.1514, p<0.01), economic life factor(r=0.2560, p<0.05), self-esteem factor(r=0.2289, p<0.05), physical state and function factor(r=0.1455, p<0.05), relationship with neighbors factor(r=0.0754, p<0.05), relationship with family factor (r=0.3324, p<0.01). 4. There was a significant positive correlation between the family support and the quality of life(r=0.459, p<0.001). The result of the analysis of the relationship between the each factor in the quality of life and family support were as follows : there were significant differences between family support and emotional state factor (r=0.3891, p<0.01), self-esteem factor(r=0.2661, p<0.05), relationship with family factor (r=0.4353, p<0.001).

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권Spc호
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• pp.45-46
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• 2009

간척지 토양은 도시화와 산업화로 인해 잠식되는 농경지를 대체하는 식량공급원으로 간척지는 쌀 산업 외에 원예, 축산 등 다양한 생물산업 기반으로 활용되고 있다. 그리고 간척지 논농업(간척지 논 307만 ha)은 온실가스 저감 기능을 가지고 있으며 년간 논 1ha당 이산화탄소 흡수량 21.9t, 산소 공급량 15.9t으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 높은 염농도와 지하수위, 지하수 상승에 의한 재염화 현상, 토양 물리화학성과 배수 불량, 논의 경우 적정 유효토심은 50cm 정도이나 간척지 논 유효토심 20cm 이하로 유효토심이 매우 낮은 편이다. 또한 간척년대 경과할수록 제염은 되나 토양물리성 불량, 시비량 과다와 양분 불균형 발생으로 인하여 수분과 양분보유능 향상 토양관리 기술 개발 필요하다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.155-167
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• 2007

본 조사는 진해시 일대에 분포하는 식물상을 체계적으로 조사 및 분석함으로써 환경보전의 기초자료 제공과 더불어 자원식물적 접근을 통해 차후 생물자원 확보 방안 마련을 위한 틀을 제시하기 위한 것이다. 장복산, 안민고개, 화산 일대에 분포하는 전체 식물현황은 98과 286속 394종 49변종 4품종 등 447분류군이 관찰되었다. 지역별로는 장복산이 80과 210속 261종 35변종 4품종 등 300분류군, 안민고개가 66과 152속 178종 27변종 1품종 등 206분류군, 화산 일대가 90과 232속 294종 34변종 3품종 등 331분류군이 조사되었다. 한국특산식물은 뻐꾹나리, 호랑버들, 소사나무, 가는장구채, 할미밀망, 자주꿩의다리, 매화말발도리, 조팝나무, 해변싸리, 개나리, 병꽃나무 등 10과 11속 10종 1품종 등 11분류군이 확인되었다. 산림청 지정 희귀식물은 보존순위 97번인 뻐꾹나리와 202번인 태백제비꽃이 화산 일대 계곡에서 발견되었으며, 이에 대한 보전대책이 필요할 것이다. 귀화식물은 오리새, 애기수영, 소리쟁이, 방가지똥, 서양민들레, 토끼풀 등 11과 18속 21종 1변종 등 22분류군이 확인되었고 자연파괴도는 약 8.3%, 귀화율은 약 4.9%로 산출되었다. 자원식물 분포를 살펴보면, 장복산 일대는 관상용 147종, 약용 218종, 식용 182종, 기타용 151종이고 안민고개는 관상용 91종, 약용 155종, 식용 129종, 기타용 100종으로 나타났으며, 화산 일대는 관상용 167종, 약용 236종, 식용 195종, 기타용 155종이었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7589-7595
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• 2014

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APEX1) is a multifunctional protein which plays a central role in the BER pathway. APEX1 gene being highly polymorphic in cancer patients and has been indicated to have a contributive role in Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site accumulation in DNA and consequently an increased risk of cancer development. In this case-control study, all exons of the APEX1 gene and its exon/intron boundaries were amplified in 530 breast cancer patients and 395 matched healthy controls and then analyzed by single-stranded conformational polymorphism followed by sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed fourteen heterozygous mutations, seven 5'UTR, one 3'UTR, two intronic and four missense. Among identified mutations one 5'UTR (rs41561214), one 3'UTR (rs17112002) and one missense mutation (Ser129Arg, Mahjabeen et al., 2013) had already been reported while the remaining eleven mutations. Six novel mutations (g.20923366T>G, g.20923435G>A, g.20923462G>A, g.20923516G>A, 20923539G>A, g.20923529C>T) were observed in 5'UTR region, two (g.20923585T>G, g.20923589T>G) in intron1 and three missense (Glu101Lys, Ala121Pro, Ser123Trp) in exon 4. Frequencues of 5'UTR mutations; g.20923366T>G, g.20923435G>A and 3'UTR (rs17112002) were calculated as 0.13, 0.1 and 0.1 respectively. Whereas, the frequency of missense mutations Glu101Lys, Ser123Trp and Ser129Arg was calculated as 0.05. A significant association was observed between APEX1 mutations and increased breast cancer by ~9 fold (OR=8.68, 95%CI=2.64 to 28.5) with g.20923435G>A (5'UTR), ~13 fold (OR= 12.6, 95%CI=3.01 to 53.0) with g.20923539G>A (5'UTR) and~5 fold increase with three missense mutations [Glu101Lys (OR=4.82, 95%CI=1.97 to 11.80), Ser123Trp (OR=4.62, 95%CI=1.7 to 12.19), Ser129Arg (OR=4.86, 95%CI=1.43 to 16.53)]. The incidence of observed mutations was found higher in patients with family history and with early menopause. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a significant association between germ line APEX1 mutations and breast cancer patients in the Pakistani population.