• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.86-89
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• 2003

본 고에서는 현재 중국에서 추진되고 잇는 과학기술진흥시책을 과기공관계획(科技攻關計劃)을 중심으로 조망해 보고, 특히 863 계획과 973 계획에 대한 총제적인 내용을 소개한다. 863 계획은, 7차경제개발5개년계획 기간(75기간)부터 시작된, 고급기술 연구개발에 대한 집중적인 진흥 정책이며, 973 계획은, 9차경제개발5개년계획 기간(95기간) 중에 시작된, 기초연구분야에 대한 집중적인 진흥시책이다. 중국의 경우 이와 같은 국가 주도적인 진흥책은 중국공산당중앙위원회(중공중앙(中共中央))와 국무원의 방침 결정에 따라 집중육성(중점(重点))의 항목 결정 및 관리를 유관부문이 상호 협조하에 분담하여 지원하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.963-973
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• 2021

Based on the TPB(Theory of Planned Behavior), this study explores the physical education perceived by college students by applying the causal relationship (SEM) to life sports, participation intention, and participation behavior perceived by college students in the Covid-19 environment, and to provide basic data for predicting life sports events. For this, a total of 267 people were analyzed using the mobile program "Survey Monkey" according to the sample plan from December 1, 2020 to May 1, 2020. As a result of the study, it was found that the planned behavior theory had a statistically significant positive(+) correlation with the intention to participate in physical education. The planned behavior theory showed that there was a statistically significant positive(+) correlation with the life sports participation behavior. Lastly, the intention to participate in physical sports was found to have a statistically significant positive(+) correlation with participation in physical sports.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.973-984
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• 2017

There is a growing need to apply TBM tunnelling method for the construction of underground facilities such as subways and utility tunnels in urban areas. Due to the variability and uncertainty of the ground, tunnelling in urban areas has various safety hazards which could cause damage to people and properties and it is very costly to recover from accidents. Therefore, it is very important to identify hazards from the planning and design phase and to establish risk mitigation measures. In this study, a total of 31 hazards affecting the stability of TBM tunnelling works in urban areas were listed from both the technical literature and correspondence with experts in tunnelling area. The importance and priorities of the hazards were analyzed by conducting Delphi technique, which is a decision-making method by consensus among experts. Finally, 12 hazards that satisfy the content validity criteria were settled and could be used as major control factors for accident prevention during TBM tunnelling works.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.968-973
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• 2002

최근의 물류센터의 설계 및 운영에서 재고품목의 피킹-재보충(Picking and Replenishing)방법이 물류센터의 능력에 크게 영향을 미치고 있다. 본 연구는 물류센터의 최적운영을 고려한 저장설비의 능력산정을 위하여 피킹지역(Forward Area)과 저장지역(Reserve Area)을 동시에 고려한 저장설비의 능력산정모델 연구이다. 이를 위하여 물류센터 내의소 단위화물의 피킹지역과 대단위 보충 화물을 저장하는 재보충지역으로 구분하고 동일 운송설비로 피킹 및 재보충 방법에 따른 설비능력을 산정하기 위해 수리모델을 개발하고 AutoMod Simulator를 이용한 다양한 분석연구를 하였다. 그리고 이를 위한 전산프로그램을 개발하고 A냉장물류회사에 적용하여 저장시설의 능력산정결과를 보였다. 본 연구는 단위화물의 보관 및 판매를 위한 물류설비 계획에 활용될 수 있도록 보완 연구될 것이다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

The developmental age of permanent teeth was evaluated in children and adolescents according to age and gender using the Nolla Method. A retrospective study was performed on panoramic radiographs of 1,200 subjects aged 4-15 years, including 50 children for each age/gender group. Three well-trained examiners estimated the developmental stage of upper and lower permanent teeth using the Nolla Method. The inter-examiner reliability was excellent (intra-class correlation coefficient value = 0.973). The mean developmental age was calculated. In boys, Nolla stage 6, indicated by crown completion, was seen in the central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, first premolar, second premolar, first molar, and second molar at 5.4, 6.4, 6.7, 7.5, 7.8, 4.6, and 8.1 years, respectively, in the maxilla and at 4.8, 5.1, 6.0, 6.5, 7.2, 4.5, and 8.0 years, respectively, in the mandible. In girls, Nolla stage 6 was seen at 5.3, 6.0, 6.3, 7.3, 7.7, 4.8, and 8.1 years, respectively, in the maxilla and at 4.8, 5.1, 5.9, 6.5, 7.2, 5.0, and 7.9 years, respectively, in the mandible. In this study, the developmental age of permanent teeth was evaluated in Korean children and adolescents who visited Yonsei University Dental Hospital. This study may be helpful in diagnosis and treatment planning in the clinic.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 1998

To achieve the 2D dose distribution around the designed high dose rate Ir-192 source substitution for Co-60 brachytherapy source, we determined the exposure rate constant and tissue attenuation factors as a large depth as a 20 cm from source center. The exposure rate constant is used for apparent activity in designed source with self-absorption and encapsulation steel wall. The tissue dose delivered from the 4401 segments of 2.5 mm in a diameter and 2.5 mm height of disk-type source layer. In the experiments, the tissue attenuation factors include the tissue attenuation and multiple scattering in a medium surrounding the source. The fitted the polynomial regression with 4th order for the tissue attenuation factors are very closed to the experimental measurement data within ${\pm}$1% discrepancy. The Meisberger's constant showed the large uncertainty in large distance from source. The exposure rate constant 4.69 Rcm$^2$/mCi-hr was currently used for determination of apparent activity of source and air kerma strength was obtained 0.973 for tissue absorbed dose from the energy spectrum of Ir-192 source. In our experiments with designed high dose rate brachytherapy source, the apparent activity of Ir-192 source was delivered from the 54.6 % of actual physical source activity through the self-absorption and encapsulation wall attenuations. This paper provides the 2-dimensional dose tabulation from unit apparent activity in a water medium for dose planning includes the multiple scattering, source anisotropy effect and geometric factors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.357-365
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• 2015

Folk medicine is traditionally passed down to cure disease, and adverse events (AEs) of folk medicine are any unfavorable and unintended discomforts temporally associated with the use of folk medicine. The aim of this study was to analyze AEs types and risks of folk medicine through the internet news articles. Included in this analysis are all articles on the topic of folk medicine and AE reported in the top 3 online news websites (NAVER, DAUM and NATE) determined by InternetTrend$^{TM}$(www.internettrend.co.kr). It was searched in the last five years (between 1 January 2009 and 28 February 2014). In total, 18 AEs articles of 973 news articles met our inclusion criteria. A total of 27 people were experienced AEs associated with use of folk medicine. Age was from 4 months to 76 years old, and it was occurred in both men and women. Folk medicine that caused AEs in twice or more was therapy that patient taking the dictamnus or aconitum of toxic herbal medicines, vinegar therapy of external use to topical skin, and cupping or bee sting therapy by practitioners. Death as a kind of serious AEs was 11 people, and 10 people were died after treatment by unqualified practitioner. Folk medicine that is popular and widely used in Korea is actively interacted with information on the internet, so it apt to misuse and abuse without guidance of health professionals. Aspects of health care system, we point out that the need for government and medical society establish not only correct health information plan and promotion of risk but also system as reporting and monitoring of AEs by folk medicine.

• Water for future
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.61-69
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• 2000

물은 인간생활에 가장 필수적인 재화이며, 모든 산업의 기본이다. 더욱이 다른 재화와는 달리 대체재가 없다는 것에 그 심각성이 있다. 인구의 폭발적인 증가와 급격한 산업화로 지구촌의 물 부족 현상은 이미 어제 오늘의 일이 아니다. 최근 일부지역에서는 물전쟁 시나리오까지 등장하고 있다. 최근 40년간 세계의 물 소비량은 3배나 증가하였으며, 국가간 물 분쟁도 증가 추세를 보이고 있다. 우리 나라의 경우도 연평균강수량(1.27mm)이 세계평균(973mm)의 1.3배에 이르고는 있지만, 높은 인구 밀도 때문에 1인당 연간 평균강수량은 세계평균의 12.5%에 불과한 실정이다. 또한, 실질적으로 사용 가능한 자원량을 생각하면 문제는 더욱 심각하다. UN의 국제인구행동연구소(PAI:Population Action International)의 발표에 따르면, 우리 나라의 활용 가능한 자원량은 661억$m^3$으로 이를 국민 한사람당으로 환산해 보면 1.472$m^3$으로 물 부족 국가군에 해당한다. 현재 건설교통부의 수자원장기종합계획에 의하면, 우리 나라는 2006년부터 연간 4억$m^3$, 2011년부터 연간 20억$m^3$의 물이 부족할 것으로 전망하고 있다. 우리 나라 수자원 특성상 물을 확보하는데는 댐 건설 등 수자원시설이 적기에 건설되어야 하지만, 공기가 길고(10년 이상 소요), 엄청난 투자비(약 24조원), 수몰지 발생, 환경변화 등 많은 문제점들이 도출되고 있다. 그러나 미래의 물 부족에 대응하기 위해서 댐 건설(상수원전용 댐)은 불가피한 대안 중의 하나이다. 또 다른 대안으로는 교육이나 홍보를 통하여 수돗물 사용자로 하여금 자발적으로 물 사용량을 줄이도록 권고하는 방법이 있다. 또한 수도요금체계를 현실화시키거나 법규를 통하여 절수를 의무화하는 등의 방법을 통하여 물 수요를 관리하여 댐 건설이나 상수도시설 확장 등 많은 예산이 소요되는 공사를 실시하지 않고서도 급수관리와 비슷한 효과를 가질 수도 있다. 따라서 물 절약 등 수요관리를 통하여 용수수요를 줄여 나가는 방안 마련이 시급하다. 그리고 물은 한정된 자원이자 우리의 생명수이다. 이제는 수요가 증가한다고 해서 무턱대고 공급을 늘이기 위한 정책 방향으로만 갈 수는 없는 실정이다 보니 물 수요관리를 더 한층 중요하게 다루어야 할 적기가 바로 오늘이 시점부터라고 할 수 있다.

• MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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• v.100
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• pp.22-49
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• 2021

Bowonsa Temple (普願寺) is located to the north of Gayasan Mountain in Unsan-myeon, Seosan-si, Chungcheongnam-do Province. The cultural properties it enshrines were produced during the late Unified Silla and early Goryeo periods, and include an Iron Seated Buddha. The Japanese Government-General of Korea Museum planned a survey on historical remains in Chungcheongnam-do Province during the early Japanese colonial era, and a field survey was conducted at the Bowonsa Temple site in 1916 (Taishō 5). During this survey, the sculpture of the Iron Seated Buddha (knee: width 212 cm x thickness 167 cm) was found enshrined in a hut. The sculpture was moved to Gyeongbokgung Palace in the following year. However, it is clear that the colossal Iron Seated Buddha was being housed at the Bowonsa Temple site at the start of the Japanese colonial era. This Iron Seated Buddha is presumed to have been produced in 955 by State Preceptor Beopin Tanmun (法印國師 坦文, 900-975). Tanmun was born into an influential family that produced many high officials. He became a leading figure in the Hwaeom (Flower Garland) school of Buddhism under the patronage of King Taejo. He also led Buddhist events at the Goryeo royal court during the reigns of King Hyejong (惠宗, r. 943-945) and King Jeongjong (定宗, r. 945-949). With the emergence of Gyunyeo (均如, 923-973), who was sponsored by Queen Daemok (大穆王后, dates unknown) of the Hwangbo clan (皇甫氏), Tanmun was transferred to Bowonsa Temple far from Kaesong. However, even while there Tanmun strengthened his ties with his supporters under the patronage of the Chungju Yu clan. He appears to have produced this colossal sculpture of Iron Seated Buddha as a prayer for longevity and a happy life for King Gwangjong (光宗, r. 949-975). The inscription on the Stele of State Preceptor Beopin at Bowonsa Temple Site that reads "[I] created a Buddha triad in gold" also suggests the Iron Seated Buddha was produced at Bowonsa Temple. This Iron Seated Buddha is thought to have been enshrined originally in a hall at Building Site No. 3 within the Bowonsa Temple precinct. Since excavations at the temple site have revealed that the temple's main hall was erected in the Joseon period, the Iron Seated Buddha might have been enshrined in a different hall at the time of its creation. It is likely that the sculpture was placed in a hall at Building Site No. 3 since Goryeo-era roof tiles and porcelain have been frequently excavated there and the remains of a square Buddhist altar have survived at the site. At the time of its creation, the Iron Seated Buddha was likely enshrined in a Goryeo-era hall at Building Site No. 3 but was transferred to the main hall during a rebuilding project undertaken at Bowonsa Temple in the Joseon period.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.70-82
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• 2023

The recent surge of IT and data acquisition is shifting the paradigm in all aspects of life, and these advances are also affecting academic fields. Research topics and methods are being improved through academic exchange and connections. In particular, data-based research methods are employed in various academic fields, including landscape architecture, where continuous research is needed. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the possibility of developing a landscape preference evaluation and prediction model using machine learning, a branch of Artificial Intelligence, reflecting the current situation. To achieve the goal of this study, machine learning techniques were applied to the landscaping field to build a landscape preference evaluation and prediction model to verify the simulation accuracy of the model. For this, wind power facility landscape images, recently attracting attention as a renewable energy source, were selected as the research objects. For analysis, images of the wind power facility landscapes were collected using web crawling techniques, and an analysis dataset was built. Orange version 3.33, a program from the University of Ljubljana was used for machine learning analysis to derive a prediction model with excellent performance. IA model that integrates the evaluation criteria of machine learning and a separate model structure for the evaluation criteria were used to generate a model using kNN, SVM, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Neural Network algorithms suitable for machine learning classification models. The performance evaluation of the generated models was conducted to derive the most suitable prediction model. The prediction model derived in this study separately evaluates three evaluation criteria, including classification by type of landscape, classification by distance between landscape and target, and classification by preference, and then synthesizes and predicts results. As a result of the study, a prediction model with a high accuracy of 0.986 for the evaluation criterion according to the type of landscape, 0.973 for the evaluation criterion according to the distance, and 0.952 for the evaluation criterion according to the preference was developed, and it can be seen that the verification process through the evaluation of data prediction results exceeds the required performance value of the model. As an experimental attempt to investigate the possibility of developing a prediction model using machine learning in landscape-related research, this study was able to confirm the possibility of creating a high-performance prediction model by building a data set through the collection and refinement of image data and subsequently utilizing it in landscape-related research fields. Based on the results, implications, and limitations of this study, it is believed that it is possible to develop various types of landscape prediction models, including wind power facility natural, and cultural landscapes. Machine learning techniques can be more useful and valuable in the field of landscape architecture by exploring and applying research methods appropriate to the topic, reducing the time of data classification through the study of a model that classifies images according to landscape types or analyzing the importance of landscape planning factors through the analysis of landscape prediction factors using machine learning.