• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.236-241
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• 2023

Objectives: According to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, the main categories of tic disorders (F95.0, F95.1, and F95.2) follow a diagnostic hierarchy based on the duration and diversity of tic symptoms. The present study investigated the use of this diagnostic hierarchy in real-world clinical practice. Methods: Based on the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database, the diagnosis of transient tic disorder (F95.0) made after a diagnosis of chronic motor or vocal tic disorder (F95.1) or Tourette's syndrome (F95.2) and diagnosis of chronic motor or vocal tic disorder (F95.1) made after a diagnosis of Tourette's syndrome (F95.2) were referred to as type A errors. The diagnosis of transient tic disorder (F95.0) repeated after a period of >12 months was referred to as type B error. Demographic and clinical differences according to the diagnostic error types were analyzed using analysis of variance, Student's t-tests, and chi-squared tests. Results: Most participants (96.5%) were without errors in the diagnosis of tic disorders. Higher proportions of males (p=0.005) and antipsychotic prescriptions (p<0.001) were observed in patients with type A or B diagnostic errors. A higher proportion of health insurance holders was observed among those with type A errors (p=0.027). Conclusion: Errors were absent in majority of the tic diagnoses in real-world clinical practice in terms of the diagnostic hierarchy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.4643-4650
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• 2014

Background: For decades, studies have been performed to evaluate the association between ABO blood groups and risk of cancer. However, whether ABO blood groups are associated with overall cancer risk remains unclear. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies to assess this association. Materials and Methods: A search of Pubmed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Wiley, and Web of Knowledge databases (to May 2013) was supplemented by manual searches of bibliographies of key retrieved articles and relevant reviews. We included case-control studies and cohort studies with more than 100 cancer cases. Results: The search yielded 89 eligible studies that reported 100,554 cases at 30 cancer sites. For overall cancer risk, the pooled OR was 1.12 (95%CI: 1.09-1.16) for A vs. non- A groups, and 0.84 (95%CI: 0.80-0.88) for O vs. non-O groups. For individual cancer sites, blood group A was found to confer increased risk of gastric cancer (OR=1.18; 95%CI: 1.13-1.24), pancreatic cancer (OR=1.23; 95%CI: 1.15-1.32), breast cancer (OR=1.12; 95%CI: 1.01-1.24), ovarian cancer (OR=1.16; 95%CI: 1.04-1.27), and nasopharyngeal cancer (OR=1.17; 95%CI: 1.00-1.33). Blood group O was found to be linked to decreased risk of gastric cancer (OR=0.84; 95%CI: 0.80-0.88), pancreatic cancer (OR=0.75; 95%CI: 0.70-0.80), breast cancer (OR=0.90; 95%CI: 0.85-0.95), colorectal cancer (OR=0.89; 95%CI: 0.81-0.96), ovarian cancer (OR=0.76; 95%CI: 0.53-1.00), esophagus cancer (OR=0.94; 95%CI: 0.89-1.00), and nasopharyngeal cancer (OR=0.81; 95%CI: 0.70-0.91). Conclusions: Blood group A is associated with increased risk of cancer, and blood group O is associated with decreased risk of cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8725-8734
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• 2014

The transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$) gene 29 T/C polymorphism is thought to be associated with breast cancer risk. However, reports are largely conflicting and underpowered. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of all available case-control studies relating the TGF-${\beta}1$ 29T/C polymorphism to the risk of developing breast cancer by including a total of 31 articles involving 24,021 cases and 31,820 controls. Pooled ORs were generated for the allele contrasts, with additive genetic, dominant genetic and recessive genetic models. Subgroup analysis was also performed by ethnicity for the TGF-${\beta}1$ 29T/C polymorphism. No association was found in the overall analysis (C vs T: OR=1.028, 95% CI=0.949-1.114, p-value 0.500; CC vs TC: OR= 1.022, 95% CI=0.963-1.085, p-value 0.478; CC vs TT: OR= 1.054, 95% CI=0.898-1.236, p-value 0.522; CC vs TT+ TC: OR= 1.031, 95% CI=0.946-1.124, p-value 0.482; TT vs CC+TC: OR= 0.945, 95% CI=0.827-1.080, p-value 0.403). Similarly, in the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, no association was found in Caucasian (C vs T: OR= 1.041, 95% CI=0.932-1.162, p-value 0.475; CC vs TC: OR= 1.031, 95% CI=0.951-1.118, p-value 0.464; CC vs TT: OR= 1.081, 95% CI=0.865-1.351, p-value 0.493; CC vs TT+TC: OR= 1.047, 95% CI=0.929-1.180, p-value 0.453; TT vs CC+TC: OR= 0.929, 95% CI=0.775-1.114, p-value 0.429;) and Asian populations (C vs T: OR= 1.004, 95% CI=0.908-1.111, p-value 0.931; CC vs TC: OR= 0.991, 95% CI=0.896-1.097, p-value 0.865; CC vs TT: OR= 1.015, 95% CI=0.848-1.214, p-value 0.871; CC vs TT+TC: OR= 1.000, 95% CI=0.909-1.101, p-value 0.994; TT vs CC+TC: OR= 0.967, 95% CI=0.808-1.159, p-value 0.720;). No evidence of publication bias was detected during the analysis. No significant association with breast cancer risk was demonstrated overall or on subgroup (Caucasian and Asian) analysis. It can be concluded that TGF-${\beta}1$ 29T/C polymorphism does not play a role in breast cancer susceptibility in overall or ethnicity-specific manner.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2407-2412
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• 2013

Background and Objectives: Data on associations between soy food intake after cancer diagnosis with breast cancer survival are conflicting, so we conducted this meta-analysis for more accurate evaluation. Methods: Comprehensive searches were conducted to find cohort studies of the relationship between soy food intake after cancer diagnosis and breast cancer survival. Data were analyzed with comprehensive meta-analysis software. Results: Five cohort studies (11,206 patients) were included. Pooling all comparisons, soy food intake after diagnosis was associated with reduced mortality (HR 0.85, 95%CI 0.77 0.93) and recurrence (HR 0.79, 95%CI 0.72 0.87). Pooling the comparisons of highest vs. lowest dose, soy food intake after diagnosis was again associated with reduced mortality (HR 0.84, 95%CI 0.71 0.99) and recurrence (HR 0.74, 95%CI 0.64 0.85). Subgroup analysis of ER status showed that soy food intake was associated with reduced mortality in both ER negative (highest vs. lowest: HR 0.75, 95%CI 0.64 0.88) and ER positive patients (highest vs. lowest: HR 0.72, 95%CI 0.61 0.84), and both premenopausal (highest vs. lowest: HR 0.78, 95%CI 0.69 0.88) and postmenopausal patients (highest vs. lowest: HR 0.81, 95%CI 0.73 0.91). In additioin, soy food intake was associated with reduced recurrence in ER negative (highest vs. lowest: HR 0.64, 95%CI 0.44 0.94) and ER+/PR+ (highest vs. lowest: HR 0.65, 95%CI 0.49 0.86), and postmenopausal patients (highest vs. lowest: HR 0.67, 95%CI 0.56 0.80). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis showed that soy food intake might be associated with better survival, especially for ER negative, ER+/PR+, and postmenopausal patients.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of shading (0, 35, 55, 75, 95% to incident sunlight) on the growth of Hedera rhombea Bean and Pachysandra terminalis Sieb. et Zucc. in order to determine optimum light intensity for ground cover plants. H. rhombea showed a upright growth type under 95% shading and P. terminalis was highest under 35% shading. Number of branches was not significantly affected by shading levels. Stem diameter and length were reduced under shading from 35% to 95%. Leaf growth was vigorous under 35% and 55% shade condition. Leaves became longer with decreasing light intensity, but shorter in 95% shading than control. There was a slight trend that total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a, b contents increased with decreasing light intensity, and so did chlorophyll a/b ratio. Fresh and dry weight of both plants were higher under 35, 55, and 75% shading than control and 95% shading. Specific leaf weight tended to decrease with reduction of light intensity. Thus, optimum light intensity for growth of them may be 35 and 55% shading of incident sunlight. In addition, it is possible to grow them under even 75% shading of incident sunlight.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8221-8226
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• 2016

Background: Misreporting self-reported family history may lead to biased estimations. We used Bayesian methods to adjust for exposure misclassification. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was used to identify breast cancer risk factors among Iranian women. Three models were jointly considered; an outcome, an exposure and a measurement model. All models were fitted using Bayesian methods, run to achieve convergence. Results: Bayesian analysis in the model without misclassification showed that the odds ratios for the relationship between breast cancer and a family history in different prior distributions were 2.98 (95% CRI: 2.41, 3.71), 2.57 (95% CRI: 1.95, 3.41) and 2.53 (95% CRI: 1.93, 3.31). In the misclassified model, adjusted odds ratios for misclassification in the different situations were 2.64 (95% CRI: 2.02, 3.47), 2.64 (95% CRI: 2.02, 3.46), 1.60 (95% CRI: 1.07, 2.38), 1.61 (95% CRI: 1.07, 2.40), 1.57 (95% CRI: 1.05, 2.35), 1.58 (95% CRI: 1.06, 2.34) and 1.57 (95% CRI: 1.06, 2.33). Conclusions: It was concluded that self-reported family history may be misclassified in different scenarios. Due to the lack of validation studies in Iran, more attention to this matter in future research is suggested, especially while obtaining results in accordance with sensitivity and specificity values.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1951-1955
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• 2013

Background: Associations between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C polymorphism and esophageal cancer risk have been reported in many articles recently, but results were controversial. Therefore the present meta-analysis was conducted to to provide a more precise estimation. Methods: Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the strength of associations. Results: Finally, six case-control studies involving a total of 1,302 cases and 2,391controls for the A1298C polymorphism were included. The meta-analysis showed that significantly increased risk for Asians (CC versus AA, OR=3.799, 95%CI=1.541-9.365, P=0.004; CCversusCA+AA, OR=3.997, 95%CI=1.614-9.900, P=0.003) and Caucasians (CC versus AA, OR=1.797, 95%CI=1.335-2.418, P=0.000; CC+CA versus AA,OR=1.240, 95%CI=1.031-1.492, P=0.022; CCversusCA+AA, OR=1.693, 95%CI=1.280-2.240, P=0.000). In addition, there was an association with risk for both ESCC (CC versus AA, OR=2.529, 95%CI=1.688-3.788, P=0.000; CCversusCA+AA, OR=2.572, 95%CI=1.761-3.758, P=0.000) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) (CC versus AA, OR=1.592, 95%CI=1.139-2.227, P=0.007; CC+CA versus AA,OR=1.247, 95%CI=1.016-1.530, P=0.035; CCversusCA+AA, OR=1.466, 95%CI=1.069-2.011, P=0.018). Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested associations of the A1298C polymorphism with increased risk of esophageal cancer in both Asians and Caucasians. In addition, we found that the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism might influence risk ofESCC and EAC in the overall studies.

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.98.1-98.13
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• 2018

Objective: We describe a systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance of ${18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose ($^{18}F-FDG$) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for detecting metastasis in ovarian cancer. Methods: MEDLINE and Embase were searched for diagnostic accuracy studies that used $^{18}F-FDG$ PET or PET/CT for pre-treatment staging, using surgical findings as the reference standard. Sensitivities and specificities were pooled and plotted in a hierarchic summary receiver operating characteristic plot. Potential causes of heterogeneity were explored through sensitivity analyses. Results: Eight studies with 594 patients were included. The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity for metastasis were 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.61-0.81) and 0.93 (95% CI=0.85-0.97), respectively. There was considerable heterogeneity in sensitivity ($I^2=97.57%$) and specificity ($I^2=96.74%$). In sensitivity analyses, studies that used laparotomy as the reference standard showed significantly higher sensitivity and specificity (0.77; 95% CI=0.67-0.87 and 0.96; 95% CI=0.92-0.99, respectively) than those including diagnostic laparoscopy (0.62; 95% CI=0.46-0.77 and 0.84; 95% CI=0.69-0.99, respectively). Higher specificity was shown in studies that confirmed surgical findings by pathologic evaluation (0.95; 95% CI=0.90-0.99) than in a study without pathologic confirmation (0.69; 95% CI=0.24-1.00). Studies with a lower prevalence of the FDG-avid subtype showed higher specificity (0.97; 95% CI=0.94-1.00) than those with a greater prevalence (0.89; 95% CI=0.80-0.97). Conclusion: Pre-treatment $^{18}F-FDG$ PET/CT shows moderate sensitivity and high specificity for detecting metastasis in ovarian cancer. With its low false-positive rate, it can help select surgical approaches or alternative treatment options.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.298-307
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• 2023

Background/Aims: We compared outcomes between use of 15 vs. 20 mm lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs) in endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) for gastric outlet obstruction. Methods: Databases were queried for studies that used LAMS for EUS-GE to relieve gastric outlet obstruction, and a proportional meta-analysis was performed. Results: Thirteen studies were included. The 15 mm and 20 mm LAMS had pooled technical success rates of 93.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.5%-95.2%) and 92.1% (95% CI, 68.4%-98.4%), clinical success rates of 88.6% (95% CI, 85.4%-91.1%) and 89.6% (95% CI, 79.0%-95.1%), adverse event rates of 11.4% (95% CI, 8.1%-15.9%) and 14.7% (95% CI, 4.4%-39.1%), and reintervention rates of 10.3% (95% CI, 6.7%-15.4%) and 3.5% (95% CI, 1.6%-7.6%), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences in technical success, clinical success, or adverse event rates. An increased need for reintervention was noted in the 15 mm stent group (pooled odds ratio, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.40-9.18; p=0.008). Conclusions: No differences were observed in the technical, clinical, or adverse event rates between 15 and 20 mm LAMS use in EUS-GE. An increased need for reintervention is possible when using a 15 mm stent compared to when using a 20 mm stent.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.11
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• pp.2809-2822
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• 1998

GNARL is the runtime system of the Gun NYU Ada'95 compiler(GNAT). It implements the multi-tasking features of the Ada programming language and together they provide a freely available test-bed for experimentation in language, compiler, and runtime support for real-time programming. In this paper, we give an overview of GNAT and GNARL. We then describe the results of our research toward improving efficiency, predictability, and reliability of Ada'95 multi-tasking.