• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.989-995
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• 2006

This paper shows that the OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) system is robust to multipath than CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) system and it has a strong possibility to be utilized as a supplementing wireless location system for the forthcoming portable internet network. The OFDM system based on IEEE 802.16e is a wireless TDD (Time Division Duplex) OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) system providing portable internet services in 2.3 GHz frequency band and is scheduled in service in Korea starting in 2006. In this paper, multipath error is calculated using a two-ray model and compared with that of a CDMA system which is following IS-95. The OFDM system shows a maximum multipath error of 3 m while a CDMA system shows a maximum multipath error of 61 m. For this simulation, an early-late technique is used. This technique is usually used to match synchronization of signal in DLL(Delay Lock Loop).

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제47권7호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2010

최근 3GPP LTE-Advanced 및 IEEE 802.16m과 같은 차세대 통신 규격에서 섹터 간 협력 전송이 중요 연구주제가 되었고, 그에 따라 기존 비협력 전송에서와 마찬가지로 섹터 간 협력 전송 시에도 최적의 안테나 틸팅 각도를 결정하는 방식의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 섹터 간 협력 전송 및 비협력 전송 시 최적의 안테나 틸팅 각도를 결정하는 방식들을 제안한다. 제안하는 방식은 섹터 반경 내에 동일하게 분포하는 사용자의 전송률 평균인 셀 평균 전송률 또는 셀 평균 로그 전송률을 최대화하는 목적함수를 활용한다. 또한 이론적 용량인 Shannon 전송률 대신 실제 셀룰러 시스템에서 활용되는 AMC (adaptive modulation and coding) 방식을 고려한 셀 평균 AMC 전송률을 최대화하는 목적함수도 함께 활용한다. 협력 및 비협력 전송 시 셀 평균 전송률을 목적함수로 고려하는 경우에는 시스템 전송 효율성을 최대화 하며, 셀 평균 로그 전송률 및 AMC를 목적함수로 활용하는 경우에는 특히 셀 경계 사용자의 전송 효율성 증대를 크게 반영하는 최적의 안테나 틸팅 각도를 결정하는 방식을 제시한다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.802-809
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• 2014

This paper presents a dual-mode bias modulator (BM) for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifiers (PAs). The BM includes a hybrid buck converter and a normal buck converter for an envelope tracking (ET) mode for high output power and for an average power tracking (APT) mode for low output power, respectively. The dual-mode BM and CMOS PA are designed using a $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS process for the 1.75 GHz band. For the 16-QAM LTE signal with a peak-to-average power ratio of 7.3 dB and a bandwidth of 5 MHz, the PA with the ET mode exhibited a poweradded efficiency (PAE) of 39.2%, an EVM of 4.8%, a gain of 19.0 dB, and an adjacent channel leakage power ratio of -30 dBc at an average output power of 22 dBm, while the stand-alone PA has a PAE of 8% lower at the same condition. The PA with APT mode has a PAE of 21.3%, which is an improvement of 13.4% from that of the stand-alone PA at an output power of 13 dBm.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2011

In order to assess the influences of bottom sediment on water quality, following measurement were made. (1) Estimations of pollutant loads from the bottom sediment based on mass balance concept, (2) measurements of pollutant concentrations in the sediment to assess the pollution level and influence potential, (3) in situ and laboratory measurements of Sediment Oxygen Demants (SOD) and pollutant load (sediment release) from bottom sediment. Analyses of inflow and outflow loadings using simple mass balance show that there are some variations found according to the pollutants. However, there is no consistent evidence that the sediment can be a source of pollutants. Pollutant concentrations in the sediment range 16~724.8 mg/kg (COD), 1.68 ~12.64 mg/kg (T-P), 5.6~76.8 mg/kg (T-N), 0.32~21.6 mg/kg ($NH_3$-N), 0.092~0.544 mg/kg ($NO_2$-N), 4.8~18.4 mg/kg ($NO_3$-N), and 1.59~11.23 mg/kg ($PO_4$-P). Measured SOD ranges $0.190{\sim}0.802g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ and measured release rate ranges $-1618.42{\sim}10mg/m^2{\cdot}d$(COD), $-12{\sim}16mg/m^2{\cdot}d$(T-P), $-197.37{\sim}140mg/m^2{\cdot}d$(T-N), $0.4{\sim}74.32mg/m^2{\cdot}d$($NH_3$-N), $-2.04{\sim}0.8mg/m^2{\cdot}d$ ($NO_2$-N), $-70{\sim}40mg/m^2{\cdot}d$ ($NO_3$-N), and $-26.11{\sim}28.55mg/m^2{\cdot}d$($PO_4$-P). All study results indicate that bottom sediments in the Seoha weir show only limited effects on the water quality. It implies that sediment dredging is not an effective option or management measure to reduce pollutant loading.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2017

최근 모바일 환경에서 고화질 멀티미디어 서비스 수요가 늘어감에 따라, 다중안테나(MIMO, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) 시스템에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 최신 무선 통신 시스템에 적용되고 있다. 이와 함께, 휴대폰, 테블릿 등 모바일 디바이스용 MIMO 시스템은 물리적 크기의 한계로 인하여 최대 2개의 송수신 안테나($2{\times}2$)를 고려하고 있으며, 따라서 본 논문에서도 $2{\times}2$ MIMO 시스템을 고려하여 모바일 디바이스용 다중안테나 시스템을 위한 저복잡도 특성을 갖는 심볼 검출 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 심볼 검출 기법은 비록 Modified-SQRD 알고리즘을 통해 검출된 1차원 상의 신호를 제안된 심볼 확장 기법을 통해 2차원 신호로 확장한 다음 연판정을 위한 LLR 연산이 가능하도록 제안하였다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.615-625
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• 2009

Worldwide inter-operability for microwave access (WiMAX) is a promising technology that provides high data throughput with low delays for various user types and modes of operation. While much research had been conducted on physical and MAC layers, little attention has been paid to a comprehensive and efficient security solution for WiMAX. We propose a hybrid security solution combining identity-based cryptography (IBC) and certificate based approaches. We provide detailed message exchange steps in order to achieve a complete security that addresses the various kind of threats identified in previous research. While attaining this goal, efficient fusion of both techniques resulted in a 53% bandwidth improvement compared to the standard's approach, PKMv2. Also, in this hybrid approach, we have clarified the key revocation procedures and key lifetimes. Consequently, to the best of knowledge our approach is the first work that unites the advantages of both techniques for improved security while maintaining the low overhead forWiMAX.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2006

In this paper, we analyzed and measured the electrical crosstalk characteristics of a 1.25 Gbps triplexer module for Ethernet passive optical networks to realize fiber-tothe-home services. Electrical crosstalk characteristic of the 1.25 Gbps optical triplexer module on a resistive silicon substrate should be more serious than on a dielectric substrate. Consequently, using the finite element method, we analyze the electrical crosstalk phenomena and propose a silicon substrate structure with a dummy ground line that is the simplest low-crosstalk layout configuration in the 1.25 Gbps optical triplexer module. The triplexer module consists of a laser diode as a transmitter, a digital photodetector as a digital data receiver, and an analog photodetector as a cable television signal receiver. According to IEEE 802.3ah and ITU-T G.983.3, the digital receiver and analog receiver sensitivities have to meet -24 dBm at $BER=10^{-12}$ and -7.7 dBm at 44 dB SNR. The electrical crosstalk levels have to maintain less than -86 dB from DC to 3 GHz. From analysis and measurement results, the proposed silicon substrate structure that contains the dummy line with $100\;{\mu}m$ space from the signal lines and 4 mm separations among the devices satisfies the electrical crosstalk level compared to a simple structure. This proposed structure can be easily implemented with design convenience and greatly reduce the silicon substrate size by about 50 %.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.466-476
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• 2010

본 논문은 ITU가 추진 중인 4세대 이동통신 표준(IMT-Advanced) 이 향후 개정될 때에도 변경된 사항을 용이하게 반영 가능한 시뮬레이션 아키텍처를 새롭게 제시하고 이를 바탕으로 시뮬레이터를 구현하였다. 그리고 Winner+가 개발한 Matlab기반 시뮬레이터와 비교하여 신뢰성을 검증하였다. 아울러 4세대 이동통신 표준 평가 항목에 대해 모의실험을 통하여 결과 값을 얻고 이를 IEEE와 3GPP가 자체 실시한 평가결과 값과 비교하여 본 시뮬레이터의 우수성을 입증하였다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.865-873
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• 2010

본 논문에서의 새로운 스케줄링은 모바일 간에 실시간으로 요구하는 모든 최소 가용 대역폭, 최대 지연 시간 그리고 다른 부수적인 조건들에 대해 QoS를 보장하는 핸드오버 요청들을 제공하기 위해 제안되었다. 입력으로는 모바일 스테이션이 서비스지역 이동간에서 발생하는 핸드오버 시간에 대한 예측이 필요하다. QoS와 핸드오버 시간을 알게 된 후, 목적지 기지국은 새로운 요청을 위한 핸드오버에 우선순위를 둔다. 그리고 이전의 리소스는 실제로 핸드오버 동안 사용할 수 있는 기회를 조금 더 가지게 된다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2008년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.1332-1335
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• 2008

In order to various service types of real time and non-real time traffic with varying requirements are transmitted over the IEEE 802.16 standard is expected to provide quality of service(QoS) researchers have explored to provide a queue management scheme with differentiated loss guarantees for the future Internet. The sides of a packet drop rate, an each class to differential drop probability on achieving a low delay and high traffic intensity. Improved a queue management scheme to be enhanced to offer a drop probability is desired necessarily. This paper considers multiple random early detection with differential drop probability which is a slightly modified version of the Multiple-RED(Random Early Detection) model, to get the performance of the best suited, we analyzes its main control parameters (max_th, min_th, max_p) for achieving the proportional loss differentiation (PLD) model, and gives their setting guidance from the analytic approach. we propose Dynamic-multiple queue management scheme based on differential drop probability, called Dynamic-VQSDDP(Variable Queue State Differential Drop Probability)T, is proposed to overcome M-RED's shortcoming as well as supports static max_p parameter setting values for relative and each class proportional loss differentiation. M-RED is static according to the situation of the network traffic, Network environment is very dynamic situation. Therefore max_p parameter values needs to modify too to the constantly and dynamic. The verification of the guidance is shown with figuring out loss probability using a proposed algorithm under dynamic offered load and is also selection problem of optimal values of parameters for high traffic intensity and show that Dynamic-VQSDDP has the better performance in terms of packet drop rate. We also demonstrated using an ns-2 network simulation.