• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.301-320
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new biodegradable membrane - atelocollagen as a guided tissue regeneration barrier on the dehiscence defects adjacent to the dental implants. 3 beagle dogs were selected for this study and all the mandibular premolars($P_1,P_2,P_3&P_4$) were extracted. Twelve weeks after the extraction, the edentulous ridges were formed to be placed the titanium plasma-sprayed IMZ implants. Four implant osteotomies were performed on each side of the mandible. The osteotomies were placed facially in the edentulous ridges to approximate an actual dehiscence defect as closely as possible, The standardized dehiscence defects were created 3 mm in width and 4 mm in height by osteotomy. A total 24 implants were placed. e-PTFE, ateloco11agen and $Collatape^{(R)}$ were placed to cover the defects and the one defect served as a control, not covered any membrane. By random selection, three dogs were sacrificed at 2 weeks, 4weeks and 8 weeks after fixation with 3% glutaraldehyde. A week before sacrificing, 8-week dog was infused intravenously with oxy-tetracycline 30mg/kg. The left mandibular blocks were used for full decalcified histologic preparation and the right mandibular blocks were selected for undeca1cified preparation, At 2 weeks, the regenerated bone of e-PTFE and atelocollagen groups appeared to be more dense than other groups and the percentage of bone defect fill was highest for e-PTFE and follwed by ateloco1lagen group. However, the $Collatape^{(R)}$ and control groups showed a little new bone formation. $Collatape^{(R)}$ was almost degraded within 2 weeks. At 4 weeks, the regenerated new bone were much greater and denser than at 2 weeks for e-PTFE and ateloco11agen group. Although a part of atelocollagen bagan to be degraded at the margin and surrounded by foreign body giant cells related to foreign body reaction, it was generally intact and the regenerated new bone was shown much more than at 2 weeks. The amount of new bone in $Collatape^{(R)}$ and control groups at 4 weeks were similar to that of 2 weeks group. At 8 weeks, the regenerated bone was matured and observed along the implant fixture. Direct new bone formation and calcium deposits beneath the e-PTFE were observed. No further bone growth was seen in the $Collatape^{(R)}$ and control groups. In reflected fluoromicrcocopic observation, the osteogenic activity was pronounced between e-PTFE membrane and the old bone. High osteogenic activity was also observed in atelocol1agen group. This study suggested that the ateloco11agen as well as e-PTFE could be used for guided tissue regeneration on dehiscence defects adjacent to the dental implants. But the $Collatape^{(R)}$ was completely resorbed within 2 weeks and was not a suitable membrane for guided bone regeneration.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of group exercise program on depression in the elders with dementia. Subjects of this research were selected from the patients of Hyoja hospital(Yongin, Korea). They were elders with dementia having minor to moderate degrees of cognitive function. Twenty-four subjects were randomly assigned into two groups, each with 12 people; exercise group and the control group. The control group only performed general physiotherapy, while the exercise group performed exercise program and general physiotherapy for 8 weeks. Depression of the exercise group and the control group were measured at baseline before the study, at 4 weeks, and at 8 weeks after the study. Depression was measured by Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea Version(GDSSF-K). Firstly, when comparing the levels of depression within the same group, depression was significantly lower in the exercise group, after the group exercise program. However, depression of the control group did not show significant changes before or after the study. Secondly, when comparing the levels of depression of the control group and the exercise group, differences between the levels measured before the study and 8 weeks after the study, was a statistically significant decrease of depression. Thirdly, effects of group exercise program according to the applied period were analyzed showing 8 weeks of group exercise to be more beneficial than 4 weeks. People who performed continuous group exercise program showed decrease in depression compared to the absence of group exercise program. This can infer beneficial effects of group exercise program. Group exercise program had desirable influence on decreasing the level of depression.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.527-538
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• 2000

Several extraction cases with advanced bone loss as a result of periodontal disease, root or labial bone fracture, extensive caries, and periapical lesions occur esthetic, functional problems and severe bone loss. Therefore, to treat these cases used several surgical methods and socket preservation among this therapies have been evaluated simple, effective and good prognosis in the implant placement. Socket preservation therapy have been used with barrier membranes or/and graft materials. Deproteinized bovine bone mineral have been evaluated ideal grafting materials. Recently, calcium-phosphate thin film coated bovine bone powders were developed in our country, but the study for these material wasn't reported. When two types of xenograft materials were implanted in extraction sockets of Beagle dogs, the effects of these were analyzed after 4 weeks and 8 weeks histological views. The results of this study were as follows. 1. In control groups, 4 weeks after implantation, the extraction sockets were filled with connective tissue which has dilated vessels and epithelial growth. And after 8 weeks, irregular connective bundles were observed. But new bone formation was not seen. 2. In Bio-Oss groups, epithelial growth was not seen and bone powder was covered with connective tissue fiber. New bone formation was found around the interproximal bone. There was no special change seen after 8 weeks, connective tissue fibers became more regular, and bone growth near bone powder was not made well. 3. In Ca-P BBP groups, epithelial cells didn't grow in the extraction sockets, there was a lot of new bone made around the bone powder after 8 weeks, new bone around bone powder was replaced with mature bone. It is thought that bone powder grafting into the extraction sockets is very useful for conservation of ridge, and Ca-P BBP is more effective in bone formation than Bio-Oss.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.286-291
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of home exercise programs and manual therapy on shoulder function and quality of life in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Methods: A total of 31 patients were enrolled in the study. All subjects were randomly assigned to a home exercise group (n=15) or a manual therapy group (n=16). Both groups performed each intervention program three times a week for four weeks. After four weeks, both groups performed a home exercise program continuously until week 12. Shoulder function was evaluated using the Korean Shoulder Scoring (KSS) system, while quality of life was evaluated using the WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) before and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: There were significant differences in KSS before intervention and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after intervention for both the home exercise group and manual therapy group (p<0.001). There was also a significant difference in KSS at 4, 8, and 12 weeks when compared to the home exercise group and manual therapy group (p<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in WHOQOL-BREF before and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after intervention in the home exercise group and manual therapy group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Home exercise and manual therapy improved shoulder function, but manual therapy led to a greater improvement in shoulder function better than home exercise. Home exercise and manual therapy improved quality of life, but there was no significant difference between groups.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.166-170
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• 2004

Purpose: To evaluate the results of MIPPO (minimal invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis) technique for distal tibial metaphyseal fractures. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study of 13 patients who were treated by MIPPO technique for distal tibial metaphyseal fractures from Jan. 2001 to Jan. 2003. The average age was 46.7 years and mean follow-up period was 13.3 months. According to AO classification, there were 8 cases of A1, 3 cases of A2, 1 case of B1 and 1 case of C2. One case of A1 was a Gustilo-Anderson type I open fracture and fibular fractures were combined in 12 cases. We applied anatomical reduction and internal fixation for the fibular fractures and internal fixation on the medial side of the tibia by MIPPO technique for distal tibial metaphyseal fractures. Clinical results were evaluated using radiographic results, Neer score, the starting time of postoperative exercise and clinical complications. Results: According to the Neer score, all cases showed satisfactory results. Active ankle ROM was started at average 2.4 weeks ($2{\sim}4$ weeks) and full weight bearing ambulation at average 5.2 weeks ($4{\sim}8$ weeks) postoperatively. Union of fractures was obtained by average 14.4 weeks ($8{\sim}18$ weeks) postoperatively. Two cases showed $5^{\circ}$ limitation of motion without functional deficits and other cases showed satisfactory ROM results. One case had $6^{\circ}$ valgus deformity without functional deficits. There were not any other complications like soft tissue problems and delayed-or non-union. Conclusion: MIPPO technique for the treatment of distal tibial metaphyseal fractures is a feasible technique with a good clinical outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.240-245
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate patterns of failure time after insertion, failure rate according to loading time after insertion, and the patterns of failure after loading. Materials and Methods: A total of 331 mini-implants were classified into the non-failure group (NFG) and failure group (FG), which was divided into failed group before loading (FGB) and failed group after loading (FGA). Orthodontic force was applied to both the NFG and FGA. Failed mini-implants after insertion, ratio of FGA to NFG according to loading time after insertion, and failed mini-implants according to failed time after loading were analyzed. Results: Percentages of failed mini-implants after insertion were 15.79%, 36.84%, 12.28%, and 10.53% at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks, respectively. Mini-implant failure demonstrated a peak from 4 to 5 weeks after insertion. The failure rates according to loading time after insertion were 13.56%, 8.97%, 11.32%, and 5.00% at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks, respectively. Percentages of failed mini-implants after loading were 13.79%, 24.14%, 20.69%, and 6.9% at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks, respectively. Conclusion: Mini-implant stability is typically acquired 12 to 16 weeks after insertion, and immediate loading can cause failure of the mini-implant. Failure after loading was observed during the first 12 weeks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.359-367
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• 2003

Supplementary feeding strategies were evaluated from pre-calving throughout lactation on 24 dual-purpose Mpwapwa breed cows in their second or greater lactation, weighing 246-455 kg. The Mpwapwa breed is an established breed of 4 Bos indicus breeds and 8% of Bos taurus. The cows were penned and stall-fed individually. Eight weeks before calving to eight weeks after calving, the cows were divided into two groups and offered hay ad libitum with either 2 kg DM (L) or 4 kg DM/day (H) concentrates. Nine weeks after calving half of the cows on L-level continued with 2 kg DM/day (L-L) while the remainder received 4 kg DM concentrate daily (L-H). Half of the cows on H-group continued with 4 kg DM/day (H-H) while the remainder received 2 kg DM/day (H-L). The concentrate mixture comprised of sunflower seed cake (33%) and maize bran (67%). The cows consumed all the concentrate offered. Hay DM intake was similar (6.8 kg/day) and tended to decrease the last two weeks before calving increased again after calving. Live weight change and body condition score were similar across treatments before calving but differed after calving (p<0.05). Heavier cows with higher condition score pre-calving had a higher body weight loss and regained weight later. After treatment reallocation, live weight change and condition differed between treatments (p<0.05). Calves were allowed to suckle milk from one quarter. The amount of milk suckled and calf weight gains were not significantly different between treatments. The cows were removed from the experiment when the milk yield was below 4 kg per day. Cows on treatment H produced 6.2 kg and on treatment L 5.0 kg saleable milk/day (p<0.05) during the first 8 weeks post partum. During the period 9-18 weeks post partum the saleable daily milk on H-H, L-H, H-L and L-L were 5.2, 4.8, 4.7 and 4.3 kg, respectively (p>0.05).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.475-488
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate histologically the resorption and tissue response of various resorbable collagen membranes used for guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration, using a subcutaneous model on the dorsal surface of the rat. In this study, 10 Sprague-Dawley male rats (mean BW 150gm) were used and the commercially available materials included acellular dermal matrix allograft, porcine collagen membrane, freeze-dried bovine dura mater. Animals were sacrificed at 2,6 and 8 weeks after implantation of various resorbable collagen membranes. Specimens were prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Resorption : Inner portion of porcine collagen membrane was resorbed a lot at 6 weeks, but its function was being kept for infiltration of another tissues were not observed. Freeze-dried bovine dura mater and acellular dermal allograft were rarely resorbed and kept their structure of outer portion for 8 weeks. 2. Inflammatory reactions : Inflammatory reaction was so mild and foreign body reaction didn't happen in all of resorbable collagen membranes, which showed their biocompatibility. 3. In all of resorbable collagen membranes, multinuclcated giant cells by foreign body reactions were not observed. Barrier membranes have to maintain their function for 4-6 weeks in guided tissue regeneration and at least 8 weeks in guided bone regeneration. According to present study, we can find all of the resorbable collagen membranes kept their function and structure for 8 weeks and were rarely resorbed. Foreign body reaction didn't happen and inflammatory reaction was so mild histologically. Therefore, all of collagen membranes used in this experiment were considered proper resorbable membranes for guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.127-134
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• 2021

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a genetically predisposed inflammatory and pruritic skin disease presenting characteristic clinical features in dogs. Despite oclacitinib and lokivetmab being commonly used, no study has compared their efficacies in CAD. This study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and control of CAD-associated pruritus and skin lesions between oclacitinib and lokivetmab. It also investigated whether switching to lokivetmab from oclacitinib or prednisolone had any benefits. Twenty-five client-owned dogs, newly diagnosed with CAD, were allocated to the oclacitinib (n = 20) and lokivetmab (n = 5) groups and administered oclacitinib (0.4-0.6 mg/kg orally, twice daily for 14 days, then once daily) and lokivetmab (2 mg/kg subcutaneously, every month) for 8 weeks, respectively. The switching group included five dogs previously administered with oclacitinib (n = 4) or prednisolone (n = 1) who were switched to lokivetmab directly at the start of the study. The pruritus visual analog scale (PVAS) and Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI-04) values were surveyed at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Oclacitinib and lokivetmab significantly reduced the PVAS and CADESI-04 scores. Switching from oclacitinib or prednisolone to lokivetmab maintained the severity of pruritus (4 weeks: p = 0.068; 8 weeks: p = 0.068) and dermatitis (4 weeks: p = 0.144; 8 weeks: p = 0.068) at the levels measured at baseline. Thus, both oclacitinib and lokivetmab reduced CAD-associated pruritus by a similar degree. Switching to lokivetmab maintained the severity of pruritus and dermatitis at the same level as the previous treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1220-1232
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• 2018

The purpose of this animal study was to evaluate, by histological analysis, bone regeneration in rabbit maxillary sinuses with an anorganic bovine graft (Bio-Oss) and a ${\beta}-tricalcium$ phosphate (${\beta}-TCP$) grafting. Bilateral sinus augmentation procedures were performed in 12 adult male rabbits. Rectangular replaceable bony windows were made with a piezoelectric thin saw insert. In the Bio-Oss group, Bio-Oss was grafted and in the ${\beta}-TCP$ group, ${\beta}-TCP$ was grafted and covered by replaceable bony windows. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the surgical procedure. The augmented sinuses were evaluated by histomorphometric analysis using hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase stains and also by immunohistochemical analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), type I collagen, and osteocalcin content. Histologically, new bone formation was found on the surface of Bio-Oss and ${\beta}-TCP$ particles from 2 weeks and continued to 8 weeks. Significant higher new bone formation was revealed in the ${\beta}-TCP$ group than in the Bio-Oss group at 8 weeks. The amount of graft materials was significantly decreased in the ${\beta}-TCP$ group and the number of osteoclasts was significantly increased in the ${\beta}-TCP$ group from 4 to 8 weeks. Immunoreactivity to PCNA was reduced at 8 weeks. The expression of type I collagen was significantly increased in the ${\beta}-TCP$ group at 2 weeks, but was significantly increased in the Bio-Oss group at 8 weeks. Immunoreactivity to osteocalcin was increased from 2 to 8 weeks. These histological results can help in the selection of graft materials for implants. Both Bio-Oss and ${\beta}-TCP$ are proven graft materials, however, these results indicate that ${\beta}-TCP$ showed better bone regeneration results in rabbit maxillary sinus augmentation.