• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2010

1. Objectives: Voice diagnosis has been used to classify individuals into the Sasang constitution in SCM(Sasang Constitution Medicine) and to recognize his/her health condition in TKM(Traditional Korean Medicine). In this paper, we purposed a new speech classification algorithm for Sasang constitution. 2. Methods: This algorithm is based on the SVM(Support Vector Machine) technique, which is a classification method to classify two distinct groups by finding voluntary nonlinear boundary in vector space. It showed high performance in classification with a few numbers of trained data set. We designed for this algorithm using 3 SVM classifiers to classify into 4 groups, which are composed of 3 constitutional groups and additional indecision group. 3. Results: For the optimal performance, we found that 32.2% of the voice data were classified into three constitutional groups and 79.8% out of them were grouped correctly. 4. Conclusions: This new classification method including indecision group appears efficient compared to the standard classification algorithm which classifies only into 3 constitutional groups. We find that more thorough investigation on the voice features is required to improve the classification efficiency into Sasang constitution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.171-177
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to give an account of the effects of the Traditional Korean herbal medicine therapy which is based on the Sasang constitutional medicine on psoriasis Methods We diagnosed her as Soyangin(少陽人) based on her nature and emotion, physical chracteristics, symptoms. We thought Leaky Gut Syndrome is related to Soyangin Food Stagnation, stuffiness and fullness(食滯痞滿). So we applied Dokhwaljihwang-tang(獨活地黃湯) which is used to Soyangin Food Stagnation, stuffiness and fullness because her symptoms recurred as a result of Food Stagnation(食滯) after eating meat. The improvement of the skin condition was observed by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score Results Psoriasis patient who was treated with Soyangin Dokhwaljihwang-tang showed improvement in Psoriasis symptom. This case study describes the effectivenss on psoriasis symptoms by using Soyangin Dokhwaljihwang-tang. Conclusions The PASI score of the patient reduced from 10.8 to 1.2 after three months of treatment. According to the result, we concluded that Dokhwaljihwang-tang had a good effect on psoriasis.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.34-41
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• 2012

Objectives In this study, we developed a mock-up of the system for Sasang Constitutional (SC) diagnosis. This system consists of 5 devices which are the face analyzer, the voice analyzer, the skin analyzer, the pulse analyzer, and the computer-based questionnaire. Our goal is to evaluate the repeatability of the system. Methods Each device is capable of classifying SC types. The classification probability of the integrated system for the SC types was obtained by summing the probability from each device. For evaluating the repeatability of the system, we collected data for 5 subjects, and repeated the measurement three times for each individual. The average and standard deviation were used for calculating the Coefficient of Variation. Results The results showed that the repeatability of the classification probability of the integrated system is about 8%, which implies the system is repeatable. Conclusions To increase usability of this system, it is desirable for the system to offer information on health condition of the user. The integrated constitutional diagnosis system will be upgraded to complement the convenience and to develop the diagnostic algorithm for the user's health condition.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1 s.65
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• pp.118-129
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• 2006

Objectives : A human being is classified into 4 constitutions(Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeumin, and Souemin) and each constitution has the different incidence, treatment and prevention of disease in Sasang Constutional Medicine[SCM], The purpose of this study is to find relative risk(RR)s of each risk factors including Sasang Constitution[SC] for incidence of ischemic stroke. Methods : In 344-case patients with ischemic stroke and 1446 healthy control subjects without ischemic stroke, we evaluated sex, age. height, weight, BMI, ECG abnormality, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, blood lipid level and SC. These data were statistically analysed to investigate the relations between risk factors and the incidence of ischemic stroke by chi-square test. And then significant factors were analysed to get each adjusted odds ratio[OR] by binary logistic regression analysis. Results : ECG abnormality, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, HDL(high density lipoprotein) cholesterol, and SC were significantly related to the incidence of ischemic stroke, while age, sex and BMI were adjusted in a binary logistic regression analysis. Especially in SC, the incidence of ischemic stoke in Tae-eumin and Soyangin were higher than that in Soeumin (Tae-eumin OR=11.68[95% CI: 6.26-21.80], Soyangin OR=4.64[95% CI: 2.66-8.10]). Conclusions : These results suggested that SC may be one of important risk factors for ischemic stroke and it should be a useful data for prediction of incidence of ischemic stroke.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.156-175
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• 2007

1. Objectives and Methods This study was performed to know the relationship between Sasang Constitution and characteristics of ordinary symptoms, inspection diagnosis of face and tongue. There were 666 participants(280 men and 386 women) who answered Sasang Constitutional Checkup list and were taken pictures of faces and tongues. Sasang Constitution was diagnosed by only PSSC(Phonetic System for Sasang Constitution). Distribution of Sasang Constitution and X2 test, kappa value for agreement were calculated using SPSS 10.0. 2. Results From characteristics of ordinary symptoms' point of view, Taeeumin had loud voices, big body shapes and easily sweated themselves. They felt good after sweating and had warm hands and feet. And their upper back, shoulders and chest were, they thought, well developed. They were apt to have meals quickly and overeat themselves. Soyangin and Soeumin had thin body shapes and were difficult to sweat themselves and felt powerless after sweating. They had cold hands and feet. Especially, Soeumin was apt to have meals slowly and a little amounts. They walked so fast. Soyangin was introvert and had developed their abdomen and waist. 'Looking heavy and steady' was higher in Taeeumin, 'delicate and modest' was higher in Soeumin(42.8%) and Soyangin(36.1 %) in first impression. It was thought to be difficult to discriminate Soyangin from Soeumin in first impression and make a notion of right Soyangin's first impression. Soyangin had pinky tongue color and little tongue fur whereas Soeumin had red tongue color and whitish tongue fur. Taeeumin had whitish tongue fur too. 3. Conclusions To diagnose Sasang Constitution much effectively, PSSC results and comprehensive Sasang Constitutional Checkup list extracted from effective Questionnaire items and Face and Tongue Inspection Diagnosis are thought to be needed.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2011

1. Objectives : This study aimed to provide practical insights on the development of traditional Korean medical tourism and maximize the satisfaction of foreign patients. The main objectives of this study were also to evaluate Sasang Constitutional Medicine(S.C.M.) diagnosis cost from foreigners' perspectives. 2. Methods : For this study, the data were collected from tourists to Korea between January 3, 2010 to February 20, 2010. The sample used in this study was mainly composed of Japanese, Chines and US/Canada, because they are the major national visitor origin group to Korea. The primary data were collected by questionnaire survey using a standardized instrument with a convenience sampling procedure, and efforts of the interviews involved an on-site, self-administrated questionnaire to those sitting or visiting tourist attractions. The total size of the sample was 276 of which 275 showed no missing value against the factors needed for final analysis and were for analysis as an effective sample. SPSS 13.0 for window was used to analyze the collected data on which descriptive statistics and the Limited Dependent(LIMDEP) 8.0 program was used in estimating the willingness-to-pay(WTP) for traditional Korean medical tourism through the Contingent Valuation Method(CVM). A dichotomous choice question form of a CVM was applied to estimating the value. 3. Results and Conclusion: 1. There was significant statistical relationship between attributes when considering medical tourism destination and socio-demographic profiles such as age group, nationality, educational level and occupation. 2. In the level of recognition on Korean medicine, north Americans showed low level of recognition compared to other nationalities. In addition, in terms of age group, 20's and 30's showed low level of recognition on Korean medicine, 3. In relation to the level of interest on Korean medicine, Japanese respondents had higher interesting level on Korean medicine. Also singles had higher level of interest. 4. Regarding preferred Korean medical treatment program, there found significant statistical relationship between Korean medical treatment program and socio-demographic characteristics. 5. The estimating result of the logit model showed that the variables affecting the WTP for Sasang Constitutional medicine diagnosis were offered price and potential ability of medical tourism destination. 6. In relation to WTP for Sasang Constitutional medicine diagnosis, Japanese respondents showed a WTP of USD 62.69 and Chinese respondents showed USD 57.09. On the other hands, respondents from north America and other countries showed a WTP of USD 65.50. In conclusion, from this study, the results found that the opportunities in tradition Korean medical tourism are immense and the possible rewards are numerous. It is time to continue to promote 'Sasang Constitutional medicine' and make the Korean medical tourism programs considering on nationalities, age group, gender and WTP.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2001

The Clinical Study on the Body Weight Loss of Taeumin Inpatients in Stroke by Sasang Constitutional Medicinal Treatment. Purpose: It has been frequently noted that overweight and obesity have a stronger relationship to hypertension and diabetes mellitus than to the risk of stroke. The purpose of this study is to find out whether Sasang Constitutional Medicinal treatment in the stroke patients of Tae-um-in has an effect on local or general weight loss. Methods: Case-control study was applied. The experiment group is the 24 Taeumin stroke inpatients who were in hospital in Kyung-Hee Oriental Hospital from July 1, 2000 to October 1 and received Sasang Constitutional Medicinal treatment. The control group is the 13 Taeumin stroke inpatients who were in the hospital during the same period but didn't receive Sasang Constitutional Medicinal treatment. In the two groups, body weight, BMI, the skin fold(cm) of triceps, suprailiac, abdominal portion, and thigh and the circumference(cm) of wrist, biceps, triceps, and W/H ratio were compared and studied for three weeks. Results: 1. In the experiment group, there were 8 women and 15 men, 23 in total and in the control group, there were 5 women and 9 men, 14 in total. 2. From two weeks later, there was a significant decrease in the experiment group in weight loss, the ratio of loss, and BMI(p<0.05). 3. Concerned with the change in the skin fold of suprailiac portion, there was a significant decrease in each group(p<0.05). 4. Concerned with the change in the skin fold of Chunchu-Hyel portion(天樞穴), thigh and in the circumference of hip, W/H ratio, there was a significant decrease in the experiment group(p<0.05). 5. Concerned with the change in the value of Lipid Profile, GOT, and GPT, only Glucose(GLU) showed a significant decrease(p<0.05) in the experiment group(p<0.05). As Conclusion, Sasang Constitutional Medicinal treatment in the stroke patients of Tae-um-in has an effect on local or general weight loss.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.186-199
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• 2001

Objectives : Sa-am Acupucture(舍岩鍼法), Taeguk Acupucture(太極鍼法), and 8 Constitution-Acupuncture(八體質鍼法) are largely used acupuncture therapies which utilize Yin and Yang, The Five Elements, Interpromoting and Counteracting Relation(相生 相克 關係). We are here to compare and study each acupuncture methods in order to understand their fundamental principle and theory. Conclusion : 1. When prescribing Herb to patients, we can use the Differentiation of Syndromes method(辨證論治). As there is Constitutional Medicine prescription(四象醫學處方) using constitutional Large & Small Relation of Jang and Bu organs(臟腑大小 關係), in acupuncture treatment we can use the Differentiation of Syndromes method of Sa-am acupucture, applying constitutional Large & Small feature of Jang and Bu organs(臟腑大小) in Taeguk Acupucture and 8 Constitution Acupuncture we can derive a suitable prescriptions. 2. Taeguk Acupucture and 8 Constitution Acupuncture is an acupunture method created upon the constitutional theory. Taeguk Acupucture lacks a theory and has problems with its practical use. 8 Constitution-Acupuncture has a theory, thus it can give us the chance to make derived diverse prescriptions for each diseases. 3. Sa-am Acupucture uses exclusively Manual technique(手技法), breathing Posa method(呼吸補瀉法), YoungSu Posa method(迎隨補瀉法) and also retaining method(留鍼法). Taeguk Acupunctune is directed related with WonBang Posa method(圓方補瀉法), twirling method(撚鍼法) and uses retaining method. 8 Constitution-Acupuncture works only with YoungSu Posa method and also One-insertion method(單刺法). 4. If we apply The Five Elements of five Su points and Interpromoting and Counteracting Relation(相生 相克 關係), we can control discords between Jang and Bu organs. Sa-am Acupucture, Taeguk Acupture and 8 Constitution Acupuncture which use five Su points can make better results in Jang and Bu organs disease. 5. Sa-am Acupunture needs diverse applications of Organ picture theory(臟象論), Pathogenesis theory(病機學說) and an proper prescription studies by Differentiation of Syndromes(辨證). Taeguk Acupuncture and 8 Constitution Acupuncture has a organized prescription methods by constitutional Large & Small relation of Jang and Bu organs(臟腑大小), thus we need to focus on objectification in constitutional differentiation.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.42-54
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• 2018

Objectives This study was aimed to compare effects of Yukgunja-tang (YGJT) extract granule on functional dyspepsia (FD) by sasang constitution. Methods A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, two-center trial was performed. We obtained 3D face images of FD patients participating in this study using face-only scanner and classified them into two types as narrow face and wide face by 3D facial shape diagnosis system (3-FSDS). 96 subjects (48 subjects per type) were enrolled and were randomly allocated into treatment or control groups in a 2:1 ratio. YGJT extract granule or placebo were administered to each group during the 8 week treatment period. One of sasang constitutional specialist diagnosed their constitutions by referring to questionnaires and 3D face images. The primary outcome was total dyspepsia symptom scale (TDS scale), the secondary outcomes were single dyspepsia symptom scale (SDS scale), visual analog scale (VAS) and so on. This trial was registered with clinical research information service identifier: KCT0001920, 15 May, 2016. Results In the Taeeumin treatment group, the TDS scale was significantly decreased after 8 weeks compared to the control group (t=2.331, p=0.025) and the SDS scale also significantly decreased. (t=2.042, p=0.048). The specific effects of the YGJT extract granule without the placebo effect on the Taeeumin with functional dyspepsia were 30.61% in TDS scale and 28.33% in SDS scale. Conclusions The effects of Yukgunja-tang extract granule on functional dyspepsia was different according to Sasang constitution. So the constitution should be considered in randomized controlled trials using herbal extract granules.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.227-240
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• 1995

In order to, study the anti-stress effect of $Tae{\breve{u}}min$ $Ch{\breve{o}}ngsimy{\breve{o}}njat^{\prime}ang$, several measures of stress, including catecholmine changes, body weight changes, and gastric ulcers were used.the following result were observed: 1. Plasma epinephrine contents of stress by food in rats, in the controlled group were $219.3{\pm}18.4pg/ml$, but in the experimental group the value was decreased to $169.0{\pm}16.6pg/ml$. 2. Plasma norepinephrine content of stress by food in rats in the controlled group was $303.0{\pm}18.9pg/ml$ but in the experimental group the value was decreased to $243.6{\pm}17.6pg/ml$. 3. Plasma dopamine contents of stress by food in rats in the controlled group was $16.9{\pm}1.9pg/ml$ but in the experimental group the value was derceased to $12.8{\pm}1.5pg/ml$, but it was nonsignificant. 4. Effects of body weight of stress by food in the Shay rats in controlled group was $175.9{\pm}3.0g$, but in the experimental grou the value was increased to $187.7{\pm}4.8g$. 5. Gastric ulcers of stress by food in Shay Rats, in the experimental group, the glade was decreased more than in the control group. 6. It is considered that the anti-stress effect of Taeumin Chongsimyonjat' depends on its concentration rate. Based on the results above, it may be concluded that Taeumin chongsimyonjat' aug is effective to prevent the harmful effects of stress.