• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.83-96
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• 2014

This study aims to analyze the design of current nurse uniforms, investigate the state of nurse uniforms, and uniform design preferences in order to ultimately develop functional nurse uniform, which satisfy their needs. First, observing photos of nurses' campaign on wearing a badge showed that opening of top uniform almost always incorporated buttons, and sleeves were mostly set-in half sleeves while collars tended to be mandarin collars. The colors were mostly white for both top and bottom, while the top showed a bit more variety in colors. White tops often incorporated hospital logos on them. Second, in terms of the nurse uniform distribution, each nurse is given one top and one bottom per year. In addition, either a cardigan or a jacket on top of the regular summer uniform constitutes the winter uniform, whereas the availability of cardigans differed by hospitals. Third, the main source of contamination of uniforms was blood, and the level of satisfaction was all low in terms of the design, function, and material of the uniform, calling for the enhancement and development of new uniforms. Design preferences were two-piece with pants, color preferences were blue and pink, and pattern preferences were hospital logo, stripes, and check patterns in the listed order of preference. Complaints were usually made on the contamination of front pocket of the top, lack of sufficient pockets for storage, and tightness of the sleeves. Some preferences on finishing were the princess seams, mandarin collar, set-in half sleeves, and button closing on top. The preferred belt was a mixed form of straight-lined belt and rubber belt, and straight lined hem and spandex blended fabrics were favored for the clothing.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.6A
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• pp.379-385
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a time constant control method for sieving local minimum problem of the multiuser detector using Hopfield neural network for synchronous multi-rate code division multiple access(CDMA) system in selective fading environments and its performance is compared with that of the parallel interference cancellation(PIC). We also assume that short scrambling codes of 256 chip length are used an uplink, suggest a simple correlation estimation algorithm and circuit complexity reduction method by using cyclostationarity property of short scrambling code.It is verified that multiuser detector using Hopfield neural network more efficiently cancels multiple access interference(MAI) and obtain better bit error rate and near-far resistant than conventional detector.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1168-1174
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• 2018

For the initial state of NAND flash memories, error-free and single-error cases are dominant due to a good channel environment on memory cells. It is important to deal with such cases, which affects the overall system performance. However, the conventional schemes for polar codes equally decode the codes even for the error-free and single-error cases since they cannot classify and decode separately. In this paper, a new pre-processing scheme for polar codes is proposed so as to improve the overall decoding latency by decoding the frequent error-free and single-error cases. Before the ordinary decoding process, the proposed scheme first decodes the frequent error-free and single-error cases. According to the experimental results, the proposed pre-processing scheme decreases the average decoding latency by 64% compared to the conventional scheme for (1024, 512) polar codes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1217-1223
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• 2020

The Block cipher CHAM is lightweight block cipher for low-end processors, developed by National Security Research Institute from Korea. The mode of operation is necessity for efficient operation of block cipher, among them, the counter (CTR) mode has good efficiency because it is easy to implement and supporting parallel operation. In this paper, we propose the optimized implementation for block cipher CHAM-CTR. The proposed implementation can be skipped some rounds by pre-computation. Thus it has better calculating speed than existing CHAM. Also, this implementation pre-load some of round keys to registers, before entering round functions. It makes reduced 160cycles loading time for round key load. Finally, proposed implementation achieved higher performance about 6.8%, and 4.5% for fixed-key scenario, and variable-key scenario, respectively.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.64-70
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• 1997

This paper is aimed to propose a new wavelet audio signal coding scheme which reduces the complexity of well-known MPEG(Moving Picture Expert Group)-Audio. The filters of MPEG0audio apply subband technique on the 16-bits PCM audio to aquire bitstream of subband sample using dynamic bit allocation. If we use the wavelet coefficients instead of subband samples and 6 bands which is less than 32 bands of MPEG-audio, the complexity can be reduced. A new audio signal compression algorithm in this paper is based on wavelet transform and the proposed algorithm is compared with MPEG-audio. At the bitrate of 256kbps, the proposed algorithm maintains the CD(Compact-disc) quality. We were able to reduce the about 40% of complexity at encoder and about 70% at decoder.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2002

A facile and precise batch oxidation reaction system allows continuous monitoring of the oxidation rate and cumulated oxygen conversion of xylenes, and the side reactions to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide may also be studied. The oxidation reaction can be analyzed precisely with the rate and amount of oxygen consumed. The reaction reveals that 4-carboxybenzaldehyde is an unstable intermediate of p-xylene oxidation as the reaction proceeds instantaneously from p-toluic acid to TPA (terephthalic acid). The alkali metals accelerate oxidation, even though they retard the reaction initially. The oxidation rate increases with decreasing water concentration. However, in the later part of reaction, the reactivity decreases a bit if the water concentration is very low. This retarding effect of water can be overcome partly by the addition of potassium. The oxidation of o-xylene, compared with the oxidation of p-xylene and m-xylene, proceeds quite fast initially, however, the oxidation rate of xylene isomers in the later stage of reaction is in the order of p-xylene > mxylene > o-xylene.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2011

In this paper, a semi-analytical approach is proposed for decode-and-forward(DF) relay systems over rayleigh fading channels. At first, we derive the general form of the averaged bit error rate(BER) based on error-events at relay nodes in which a selection scheme is not used. It is confirmed that an erroneous detection and transmission at relay nodes can cause the degradation of the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the averaged BER performance. Furthermore, the proposed method can be extended to selective-DF(SDF) relay schemes so that it is verified to be another general solution for DF relay systems. Also, proposed semi-analytical expressions have been verified by comparing with simulations.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2015

This paper addresses the problems of using anti-freeze lubricants for different machines that must function at extremely low temperatures during winter operation in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). We discuss the possibility of obtaining anti-freeze base oils from Talakan crude oil, an area with major oil and gas deposits of the Republic of Sakha, and also provide the trade and technological classification of Talakan crude oil. We propose two different schemes for processing Talakan crude oil: the fuel scheme (obtaining light and heavy fractions as a fuel oil) and the base oil scheme (obtaining light fractions and base oils). We investigate the influence of pour point depressants on alkyl-methacrylate base on the low-temperature properties of the fractions obtained from Talakan crude oil and Korean base oils, and establish the optimal concentration of pour point depressants. We compare the properties of these fractions with the low-temperature properties of Korean base oils and find that the commercial oil "Ravenol 0W-40" provides optimistic results. We obtain oil with a pour point of minus $50^{\circ}C$ and a viscosity index greater than 100. The Design of Experiment was used to establish the optimum composition of the pour point depressants and the base oil S-8 to obtain lubricant oil with a kinematic viscosity of 17 cSt, viscosity index of 208, and a pour point of minus $64^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.119-122
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• 2004

G.723.1은 저 전송률 환경에서 고 음질을 제공하여 주고 있으나 CELP형 부호화기가 갖는 합성에 의한 분석(Analysis by Synthesis)방식의 구조로 인해 많은 처리 시간과 계산량을 요구하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 G.723.1에 대해 NAMDF함수를 적용하여 델타 피치 검색과정의 계산량을 줄여 부호화기의 전체 계산량을 감소시키는 방법을 제안하였다. 기존의 피치 검출 알고리즘에서 피치 검출을 위해 사용하고 있는 자기상관함수는 곱셈 연산에서 발생하는 bit의 dynamic range가 커서 나눗셈 연산에서도 과도한 연산량을 필요로 한다. 따라서, 이러한 계산량의 감소를 위해 기존의 자기상관함수 대신 계산량을 감소하기 위하여 NAMDF 방법을 적용하였고 추가된 skipping 기법을 사용하였다. 계산량 감소율 측면에서는 약 $64\%$의 감소율을 보였고 기존의 방법과 제안한 방법간의 피치 pitch contour은 원음성의 피치 contour와 유사하였고, 음질 평가에서도 기존의 G.723.1 부호화기 합성음과 유사한 길과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.67-81
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• 2020

Objectives : This research aims to suggest a automatic data extract method for herbal formula combinations from medical classics' texts. Methods : This research was carried out by using Access of Microsoft Office 365 in Windows 10 of Microsoft. The subject text for extraction was 『Euijongsonik』. Using data sets of herb and dosage terminology, herbal medicinals and their dosages were extracted. Afterwards, using the position value of the character string, the formula combinations were automatically extracted. Results :The PC environment of this research was Intel Core i7-1065G7 CPU 1.30GHz, with 8GB of RAM and a Windows 10 64bit operation system. Out of 6,115 verses, 19,277 herb-dosage combinations were extracted. Conclusions : In this research, it was demonstrated that in the case of classical texts that are available as data, knowledge on herbal medicine could be extracted without human or material resources. This suggests an applicability of classical text knowledge to clinical practice.