• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 1981

Starch was isolated from 4-year-old and 6-year-old ginseng roots and its physical and chemical characteristics were studied. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The shape of ginseng starch granules was polygonal and rounded with its granule size ranging from 2.0 to 7.5$\mu$. The swelling power of 4-year-old ginseng starch was much greater than that of 6-year old ginseng starch. Gelatinization pattern showed that 6-year-old ginseng starch gelatinized rapidly at $65^{\circ}C$, whereas 4-year-old starch continued to gelatinize, without having a definite gelatinization temperature as temperature increased 3. Amylogram of ginseng starch showed that gelatinization initiated at 61$^{\circ}C$ and was completed at 88$^{\circ}C$ with its viscosity reaching at 810 B.U. 4. The amylose contents were 32% and 9% for 4-year-old and 6-year-old ginseng starch, respectively. 5. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that there were some structural differences between 4-year-old and 6-year-old ginseng starch.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.281-284
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• 2007

The objective of this research is to provide basic information necessary to differentiate between ginseng (Panax ginseng) grown in woods environments and cultivated ginseng. The ginseng saponin (ginsenoside) contents of Korean woods-grown, 4 year-old cultivated, and 6 year-old cultivated ginsengs were determined via HPLC analysis. The total saponins in the woods-grown ginseng (0.648%) were approximately twice that of the 4 year-old cultivated (0.270%) and the 6 year-old cultivated ginsengs (0.280%). The protopanaxadiols (PD)/protopanaxatriols (PT) ratio of the woods-grown ginseng (3.258%) was higher than that of the 4 year-old cultivated (2.456%) and the 6 year-old cultivated ginsengs (2.183%). The $Rb_1/Rg_1$ ratio of the woods-grown ginseng (10.225%) was also higher than those of the 4 year-old cultivated (3.514%) and the 6 year-old cultivated ginsengs (4.865%).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1982

To investigate the effect of light intensity on the growth of shoots and roots, water and chlorophyll contents in the ginseng leaf were determined at 5%, l0%, 20%, 30% light transmittance rate (LTR) with 1,2 and 4 year-old ginseng plants in the field. Stem length, size of the leaf, water and chlorophyll contents were decreased as the increase of the light intensity in all ages of ginseng plants. The degree of decrease was severe in the one year-old ginseng compared to that of 2, or 4 year-old ginseng, while there was no difference between the 2 and 4 year-old plants. Root weight per plant was highest at 5% LTR in the one year-old plants, while it was at 20% LTR in the 2 and 4 year-old plants. Generally, demand of light for the growth of one year-old ginseng was lower than those of 2 or 4 year-old plants there was no difference of it among the ginseng plants older than 2 years.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.483-489
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• 2004

경기도 안성지역의 $4{\sim}6$년생 재래종 (자경종) 인삼포장에서 4월 28일에서 9월 30일까지 월별 지하부 생육특성과 엑스함량의 경시적 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 동체장은 월별 수축과 회복을 반복하여 9월 수확기까지 증가되지 않았으나 동체직경은 점진적인 증가를 보였다. 2. 단위 면적당 지상부중은 4월부터 급격히 증가하여 7월에 최고를 보인 후 차차 감소되었으며, 지하부중은 5월에 감소된 후 9월 수확기까지 점차 증가되었는데, 6년생은 7월 이후 약간의 감소를 보였다. 3. 지하부의 상대생장율은 전엽기인 5월과 고온기인 8월에 감소되었고 6, 7, 9월에 다시 증가되었는데, 6년생의 지근과 세근은 $4{\sim}5$년생에 비해 월별 뚜렷한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 4. 상품비율 (근중 60g 이상)은 연생이 증가할수록 커서 4년생 23%, 5년생 60%, 6년생 69% 이었다. 5. 뿌리의 수분함량은 수확기까지 차차 감소되었는데, $7{\sim}9$월까지 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 9월 수확기의 수분함량은 4년생 > 5년생 > 6년생순 이었다. 6. 동체의 경도는 5월에 감소된 후 급격히 증가되었는데, $4{\sim}5$년생은 $6{\sim}9$월까지 대체로 증가되었으나 6년생은 8월부터 차차 감소되어 $4{\sim}5$년생과 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 7. 동체와 지근의 엑스함량은 4월부터 6월까지 급격히 감소된 후 9월에 다시 증가되었는데, $4{\sim}5$월의 엑스함량은 4년생이 $5{\sim}6$년생보다 많았으나 9월에는 연생 간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of water extracts from 4-, 5- and 6-year old red white ginseng roots on the inhibition of lipolysis in fat cells induced by toxohormone-L which has been known as lipolytic and anorexigenic factors. Toxohormone-L was obtained by partial purification of the ascites fluid from mice which had been inoculated with sarcoma-180. Each water extract of ginseng was effective in vitro against the inhibition of lipolysis induced by the toxohormone-L at the concentrations over 10~100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. At the concentration of 1,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, the inhibition ratio of lipolysis by the water extracts of 4-, 5- and 6-year old white ginseng roots were 56.3, 59.7 and 59.4%, and those of red ginseng roots were 78.6, 79.1 and 82.5%, respectively, indicating that the 6-year old red ginseng was the most effective in the inhibition of the lipolysis. The total inhibitory activity per gram of ginseng sample was higher in the 4-year and 5-year old white ginseng roots at the concentrations of 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 1,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively, while for the red ginseng it was higher in the 6-year old ginseng than other ages regardless of the reaction concentration. Only once injection of the ginseng extracts(300 mg/ml in saline solution) with 10 ${mu}ell$/g of weight to the mice bearing sarcoma-180 was not effective against the extension of their life spans. On the contrary, the life spans of the mice were rather shortened by the injection of 5-year old white ginseng and 6-year old red ginseng, as compared to that of control.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2014

Wild Korean ginseng has been recognized as highly precious medicine since ancient times. Nowadays, the population of wild ginseng in the forest of Korean peninsula is very rare due to indiscreet harvest. In this work, we investigated the plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from embryogenic callus of old wild ginseng (more than 50 years-old) and compared the features of plants regenerated from 5-years old and 50 years-old ginseng. Induction of embryogenic callus from adventitious roots of 50 year-old wild ginseng required 83 weeks of culture, but only 10 weeks were sufficient for 5 year-old ginseng. Height and width of plants derived from the old wild ginseng was smaller and slender compared to the plantlets derived from 5 year-old ginseng. Total chlorophyll contents was 2-6 time lower in plantlets regenerated from 50 year-old wild ginseng than those from 5 year-old ginseng, but anthocyanin content was higher in 50 year-old ginseng. Our results revealed that plants regenerated from old wild ginseng have different morphological and physiological characters probably due to age-dependent phenomenon.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.84-91
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• 1989

인삼재배산지에서 연근별 토양이화학성과 이삼생육변화를 조사하여 토성별 생육특성을 파악하고 6년근 수량과 결주율에 미치는 토양이화학성의 영향을 구명코저하였다. 1. 산지 6년근 수량은 토성별고 사양토 1.44, 양토 2.13, 식양토 2.46kg/3.3$m^2$이었다. 2. 6년근 결주율은 사양토 51.6%, 식양토 33.6%이었고 묘직경은 3년근부터 사양토가 식양토보다 적었다. 3. 토양입단율과 공극율은 2년근 때보다 6년근에서 증가하였다. 4. 토양무기태질소는 2, 3년근에서 100-120ppm으로 현저히 증가하였다가 4년근 75ppm, 5년근 34ppm, 6년근 25ppm으로 감소하였으며 사양토에서 감소폭이 컸다. 5. 본 포에서 $P_2O_5$, K, Ca, Mg는 연차간변화가 적었고 토성별로는 사양토가 N, P 함량은 높았고 양이온 함량은 낮았다. 6. 6년근 수량은 점토, 공극율, 수분과 유의성있는 정상관이었고 결주율은 모래, N 함량과 정상관이었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.294-298
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of growth characteristics and mineral contents of ginseng seedling grown in different locations on ginseng growth and root yield. Ginseng seedling produced in 16 farmers' field at the semi-Yangjik seedbed were planted and cultivated in a field with same cultural practices. Missing plant was increased with increased year of ginseng age, especially severe at 5-year-old ginseng. Rate of missing plant was different among the origins of the seedling, even with the same weights. Negative correlation was noted between the missing rate of 3-year-old ginseng plants and NH4-N content of the seedling, but positive correlation between the missing rate and K2O and Ca contents of the seedling. Root yield of 6-year-old ginseng was also affected by the origins of ginseng seedlings. Root yield was high in ginseng plant from 0.6∼0.9 g see dings compared to those from over 0.9 g seedlings.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.140-146
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• 1998

It was founded that an X-compound is contained in extracts from the root of old red ginseng (6RG) compared with that from the root of 4-year old red ginseng(4RG). Both water extract and petroleum ether extract (PEII) from 6RG or 4RG inhibited the release of [$^{3}H$]-serotonin induced by platelet activating factor (PAF; 40 ng/ml). Water extract and PEll from 6RG Inhibited potently PAF-induced [$^{3}H$]-serotonin release compared with those from 4RG. X-compound out of both water extract and PEll from 6RG inhibited the release of [$^{3}H$]-serotonin inducted by collagen (100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) or thrombin(20 U/ml). X-compound had a synergistic effect with water extract from 4RG on collagen-and thrombin-induced [3H] -serotonin release out of human platelets. The concentration(IC50) of X-compound that require to inhibit 50% of [$^{3}H$]-serotonin-release was 3.25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, and it is inferred that maximum concentration of X-compound that inhibits the release of [$^{3}H$]-serotonin is 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Because thrombosis is resulted mainly from the irreversible aggregations which are intimately related with the serotonin release and migraine is also caused when serotonin is released, it is inferred that water extract, PEII and X-compound from 6RG have antithrombosis and antimigrainous functions by inhibiting the release of serotonin from human platelets.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.432-436
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• 1990

Incidence of damping-off callsed by Rhizoctonia solani was 0.6-10.9% at "Yangjik" seedbed in Pocheon, Korea. The seedbeds where the lengths of etiolated stems (underground portion) of ginseng seedlings were 0.78-1.25 cm showed 0.8-3.2% of the disease, while 6.9-10.9% disease incidence was observed at the seedbeds with the longer etiolated stem (1.89-2.26 cm). The pathogen produced a typical girdle symptom on the etiolated portion of ginseng stems close to the soil surface. The deeper the seeds were sown, the more the disease occurred in pot soil inoculated with the pathogen, AG 2-1, showing 18.4, 27.4 and 32.9% of damping-off at the seeding depth of 1, 2 and 4 cm, respectively. Cuticle layers of colored stems (over ground portion) were well - developed to be 42.8, 58.0, and 55.0 um in thickness compared to the etiolated stems with 8.5, 15.0 and 8.0um for seedling, 2 year-old, and 3 year-old ginsengs, respectively, when the disease occurred. In the seedling and 2 year-old ginseng, the colored stems were more rigid than the etiolated. There was however, no difference in rigidness of the stem of the 3 year-old ginseng where the disease is not severe as in seedlings and 2 year-old ginseng plants.ng plants.