• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2007

골반 방사선치료 시 방사선조사부위에서 소장을 제외하여 방사선에 의한 소장의 독성 감소에 가장 효율적인 방법을 알아보기 위하여 본 연구가 시행되었다. 연구대상은 자궁경부암, 자궁내막암, 직장암, S-결장암과 난소암으로 수술 후 골반에 방사선치료를 받은 환자 14명이다. 환자는 모의치료를 시행하기 1시간 30분 전에 150 ml의 바륨과 방광을 채우기 위해 물 500 ml를 마시고 환자의 자세변화와 벨리보드 사용 유무에 따라 5종류의 조영촬영을 하였다. 첫 번째는 방광을 채운 후 누운 자세로 전 후면과 측면을 촬영한다. 두 번째는 방광을 채운 상태에서 엎드린 자세로, 세 번째는 방광을 비운 후 누운 자세로, 네 번째는 방광을 비운 후 엎드린 자세로, 다섯 번째는 방광을 비운 후 벨리보드를 사용하여 엎드린 자세로 각각의 전 후면과 측면을 촬영한다. 모든 조영촬영 사진에서 방사선조사부위에 포함되는 소장의 용적을 측정하였다. 결과는 방광을 채우거나 비운상태 모두 엎드린 자세가 누운 자세보다 소장의 용적이 감소되었으며 특히 측면사진에서 더욱 감소되었다. 엎드린 자세에서는 방광을 채운 상태의 소장 용적이 방광을 비운상태에 비해 전후면 사진에서 13%, 측면 사진에서 26%가 감소되었다. 방광을 비운 후 벨리보드를 사용한 상태의 소장 용적이 벨리보드를 사용하지 않고 엎드린 자세에 비해 전 후면에서 $62.8{\pm}27.1%$, 측면에서 $63{\pm}32.9%$가 감소되었다. 결론적으로 골반에 방사선치료를 시행할 경우 방광을 비운 후 벨리보드를 사용함으로써 소장의 용적을 최소화시킬 수 있었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.464-469
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• 2003

실리카의 표면 처리가 마이크로캡슐의 향유 방출 거동에 미치는 영향에 대하여 고찰해 보았다. 표면 산-염기 처리 용액으로서 30 wt%, 20 wt% 그리고 10 wt%의 HCl과 NaOH 용액을 사용하였다. 실리카의 표면 산도 및 표면 염기도를 Boehm의 선택 중화법을 이용하여 측정하였으며 그 흡착 표면적과 총 기공부피는 BET법을 이용한 $N_2$ 기체의 흡착을 통해 알아보았다 액중건조법을 사용하여 향유가 흡착된 실리카를 심물질로 하는 PCL 마이크로캡슐을 제조하였으며, 다공성의 실리카에 향유를 흡착시키기 위하여 초음파를 이용하였다. 제조된 마이크로캡슐의 입도는 광학 현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였으며 FT-IR측정을 통하여 심물질이 함입되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 마이크로캡슐의 향유 방출 거동을 살펴보기 위해 UV/vis. 흡광광도법으로 흡광도를 측정하여 용출된 향유의 양을 정량하였다. 실험 결과, 교반 속도가 증가함에 따라 평균입자 크기가 35 $\mu$m에서 21 $\mu$m로 감소하였으며, 실리카의 산처리를 통해 비표면적이 78.1에서 121.1 m$^2$/g으로 증가함에 따라 향유의 흡착량이 약 20% 증가하고 염기처리를 통해 실리카의 염기도가 78에서 134 meq./g으로 증가하여 향유와 실리카의 산-염기 상호작용의 증가로 인해 향유의 시간에 따른 방출 속도가 감소함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.564-568
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• 2020

급격히 변화하고 있는 현대 사회에서 학습자들에게 반드시 필요한 창의적 사고, 문제 해결 능력, 발표력, 자신감, 자기 주도적 학습 능력, 협동심, 의사소통능력 향상을 위해 PBL(Problem-Based Learning) 학습법은 다양한 과목에 적용되고 있다. 그 중 세계 공용어로 자리매김 된 영어는 영어 교육 전문기업인 윤선생에 따르면 사교육 현장에서 타 과목에 비해 2.3배나 더 투자되고 있는 만큼 영어교육 현장에서도 PBL은 빠질 수 없는 중요한 학습법이다. 하지만 여전히 현실은 교사 중심 수업, 모범 답안을 위한 지식 습득, 획일적인 평가가 주체가 되고 있다. 이러한 점들을 보완하고 현대 사회에서 능동적으로 대처할 수 있기 위하여 본 연구는 Barrows&Myers(2002), ADDIE 모형이 기반된 영어 교과 수업을 위한 학습 모형을 설계하였다. 이 모형은 5가지 절차로 구성되어 있는데 즉, 분석, 설계, 개발, 실행, 평가로 구성된다. ADDIE 모형이 기반이 된 PBL 영어 수업이 진행된 결과 그렇다, 이상 응답한 학습자들이 발표력 향상에 86%, 학습에 대한 흥미도 86%, 학습에 대한 이해력 86%이며 무엇보다 학습에 대한 문제 해결 능력(100%) 및 협동력(100%)을 향상할 수 있어 좋았다는 의견이 가장 높았다. 이와 같이 PBL 수업을 통해 21세기 영어 교육의 목적인 학습자들의 의사소통 능력 함양 및 영어로 된 정보 처리 능력에 도달할 수 있기에 지속적으로 이러한 학습 모형 설계에 관한 연구가 이루어져야 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.162-169
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• 1994

Blockade of cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion (stellate ganglion controls pain on face, head, neck, shoulder, upper limbs, and upper chest, including their viscera and sympathetically maintained pain. This procedure also increases blood flow to the above areas and relieves hyperreactivity of sympathetic nervous system. Clinically, repeated stellate ganglion blocks with local anesthetic agent may become difficult with complications such as accidental intravascular or subdural injection, recurrent laryngeal nerve or bracheal plexus paralysis, pneumothorax and edema on injection site. Therefore, at times long-term cervicothoracic ganglion block with neurolytics is necessitated but its applications are prohibited by the critical structures surrounding ganglion. There are also few reports of neurolytic stellate ganglion block. This study was performed to observe the complications, gross changes of surrounding structures, and microscopic findings of ganglion cells after neurolytic block and to certify the possibility of clinical use of neruolytic stellate ganglion block. The unilateral superior cervical sympathetic ganglion of rabbit was blocked with absolute ethyl alcohol 0.4 ml at the level of cricoid cartilage. Normal ganglion was used as a control and 5 animals were sacrificed at each intervals of 7, 15 and 50 days after block. The results were as follows; 1) All experimental animals showed no specific changes of behavior, motor function. No necrotic tissues were present in the block area during the observation period. There were some gross scar tissues along the fascia of muscles surrounding the needle injection site, but gross atrophy of muscles or injured major vessels were not found. 2) Microscopically, structures of normal ganglion of rabbit were very similar to those of humans. Seven days after absolute ethyl achohol injection there were marked edema of ganglion cells and nuclei with irregular nuclear membrane. Some of the ganglion cells lost their nuclei and showed degenerative changes. Fifteen days after block, cell edema were decreased and loss of the Nissl's body was prominant. The ganglion cell structures looked close to normal but the cytoplasm and nucleus were generally contracted 50 days after block. These results suggest absolute ethyl alcohol injection on cervical sympathetic ganglion with above method mainly blocks pre- and post-synaptic fibers and the long-term neurolytic blockade of this ganglion may be possible in rabbits.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.284-292
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• 2016

Objectives: This study compared the differences of postmenopausal women's bone mineral density in relation to the degree of obesity, metabolism index and dietary factors that affect bone mineral density. Methods: The subjects included in the study are 39 postmenopausal women of normal weight with body mass index less than $25kg/m^2$ and 32 postmenopausal who are obese. Anthropometry and biochemical analysis were performed and nutrient intakes and DQI-I were assessed. Results: Normal weight women were $56.03{\pm}3.76years$ old and obese women were $58.09{\pm}5.13years$ old and there was no significant difference in age between the two groups. The T-score of bone mineral density was $0.03{\pm}1.06$ in normal weight women and $-0.60{\pm}1.47$ in obese women and this was significantly different between the two groups (p<0.05). Blood Leptin concentration was significantly lower in normal weight women ($6.09{\pm}3.37ng/mL$) compared to obese women in ($9.01{\pm}4.99ng/mL$) (p<0.05). The total score of diet quality index-international was $70.41{\pm}9.34$ in normal weight women and $64.93{\pm}7.82$ in obese women (p<0.05). T-score of bone mineral density showed negative correlations with percentage of body fat (r = -0.233, p=0.05), BMI (r = -0.197, p=0.017), triglyceride (r = -0.281, p=0.020) and leptin (r = -0.308, p=0.011). The results of multiple regression analysis performed as the method of entry showed that with 22.0% of explanation power, percentage of body fat (${\beta}=-0.048$, p<0.05), triglyceride (${\beta}=-0.005$, p<0.05) and HDL-cholesterol (${\beta}=0.034$, p<0.01), moderation of DQI-I (${\beta}=-0.231$, p<0.05) affected T-score significantly. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that obese women have less bone density than those with normal weight women. In addition, the factor analysis result that affect bone mineral density showed that intake of fat is a very important factor. Therefore, postmenopausal women need to maintain normal weight and manage blood lipid levels within normal range. They also need to take various sources of protein and reduce consumption of empty calorie foods that have high calories, fat, cholesterol and sodium.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1147-1157
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• 2017

Objectives: Dental implants are one treatment method for tooth loss. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of experience and intention for dental implants and related factors among elderly. Methods: The participants were 244 elderly residing in rural areas with age over 65 in Samhoeup, Yeongamgun and Jeollanamdo, Korea. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and a multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to investigate the factors influencing the experience and intention of implants. Results: Many elderlies residing in rural areas rural elderly had experienced tooth loss (83.6%). The proportion of dental implant experience was 30.9% and intention to receive implants was 57.8%. The odds ratio (OR) for experience of implants was significantly higher for participants with a lower number of chronic diseases (0: OR=12.48, 95% CI=2.12-73.38, 1: OR=4.95, 95% CI=1.66-14.72), they have dental treatment experience during the past 1 year (OR=6.61, 95% CI=1.83-23.89), they have surrounding person who have experience of implant (OR=18.06, 95% CI=2.81-115.99), higher dental implant recognition (OR=3.97, 95% CI=1.92-8.23). The odds ratio (OR) for dental implant intention was significantly higher for participants with a lower age (65-69: OR=8.18, 95% CI=2.38-278.08, 70-79: OR=3.17 95% CI=1.04-9.68), lower number of chronic diseases (0: OR=4.15, 95% CI=1.00-17.29), they have drink alcohol (OR=5.03, Cl=1.31-19.34), they have surrounding person who has experience of implant (OR=3.22, 95% CI=1.30-8.02), they have not experience of tooth loss (OR=4.65, Cl=1.22-17.70), higher dental implant recognition (OR=2.69, 95% CI=1.55-4.67). Conclusions:In the future, it is necessary to utilize the results of this study to address loss of teeth and to support dental implant treatment selection through improved increased awareness of the advantages and disadvantages of dental implants.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2004

동진강 일대의 인위적인 교란에 의한 하천식생의 복원 및 복구를 위한 기초적인 자료를 제공하고자 2001년 6월부터 2002년 3월까지 하천식생의 종 구성, 하천형태에 따른 군락의 구조, 현존식생의 분포 등을 종합적으로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 동진강 유역에서 조사된 하천식생은 73과 188속 238종 33 변종 1품종으로 총 272종류가 조사 되었다. 또한 관속식물의 생활형에 따라 분류하면 침수식물이 23종, 부엽식물이 7종, 부유식물이 2종, 정수식물이 18종, 습생식물이 53종, 수변식물이 168종이었으며, 수생식물과 습생식물은 각각 50종과 53종류로 전체 조사된 272종류 중 37.9%를 차지하였다. 식물생활형의 분포비율은 휴면형 1년생 식물이 97종 35.7%, 수생식물이 78종 28.7%, 반지중식물이 41종 15.1%, 지중식물이 22종 8.1%, 지표식물이 12종 4.4%가 관찰되었다. 동진강 상류유역의 식물군락은 검정말군락, 검정말-실말군락, 붕어마름군락, 달뿌리풀군락, 고마리군락, 큰황새냉이군락, 여뀌군락 등 총 8개 식물군락이 분포하였다. 동진강 중류유역은 수생식물인 줄과 갈대군란 그리고 수변식물군락으로 고마리군락, 교란지식생인 환삼덩굴군락 등 총 4개 군락이 분포하였고, 동진강 하류 유역은 자라풀군락, 붕어마름군락, 마름군락, 줄군락, 갈대군락의 5개 습생식물군락과 털물참새피군락, 고마리군락의 2개 습생식물군락, 새콩 등의 나대지 식물군락 등 총 8개 식물군락이 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권8호
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• pp.17.1-17.13
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• 2017

Background: Omega-3 long-chain (${\geq}C_{20}$) polyunsaturated fatty acids (${\omega}3$ LC-PUFA) confer important attributes to health-conscious meat consumers due to the significant role they play in brain development, prevention of coronary heart disease, obesity and hypertension. In this study, the ${\omega}3$ LC-PUFA content of raw and cooked Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle from genetically divergent Australian prime lambs supplemented with dietary degummed crude canola oil (DCCO) was evaluated. Methods: Samples of LTL muscle were sourced from 24 first cross ewe and wether lambs sired by Dorset, White Suffolk and Merino rams joined to Merino dams that were assigned to supplemental regimes of degummed crude canola oil (DCCO): a control diet at 0 mL/kg DM of DCCO (DCCOC); 25 mL/kg DM of DCCO (DCCOM) and 50 mL/kg DCCO (DCCOH). Lambs were individually housed and offered 1 kg/day/head for 42 days before being slaughtered. Samples for cooked analysis were prepared to a core temperature of $70^{\circ}C$ using conductive dry-heat. Results: Within raw meats: DCCOH supplemented lambs had significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentrations of eicosapentaenoic (EPA, $20:5{\omega}3$) and EPA + docosahexaenoic (DHA, $22:6{\omega}3$) acids than those supplemented with DCCOM or DCCOC; Dorset sired lambs contained significantly (P < 0.05) more EPA and EPA + DHA than other sire breeds; diet and sire breed interactions were significant (P < 0.05) in affecting EPA and EPA + DHA concentrations. In cooked meat, ${\omega}3$ LC-PUFA concentrations in DCCOM (32 mg/100 g), DCCOH (38 mg/100 g), Dorset (36 mg/100 g), White Suffolk (32 mg/100 g), ewes (32 mg/100 g) and wethers (33 mg/100 g), all exceeded the minimum content of 30 mg/100 g of edible cooked portion of EPA + DHA for Australian defined 'source' level ${\omega}3$ LC-PUFA classification. Conclusion: These results present that combinations of dietary degummed crude canola oil, sheep genetics and culinary preparation method can be used as effective management tools to deliver nutritionally improved ${\omega}3$ LC-PUFA lamb to meat consumers.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.469-474
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• 2009

Purpose: A lower facial contouring surgery has become a commonly performed procedure in Asia. Currently, mandibular angle sagittal ostectomy and botulinum toxin type A treatment are main procedures for aesthetic correction of a broad lower face. There are a few date to show the differences in the mandibular contouring changes between mandibular angle splitting ostectomy and botulinum toxin type A treatment. Facial golden mask is easy to apply, inexpensive, and relatively objective for evaluation of facial contour analysis. This study was designed specifically to compare the changes in lower face width after two different forms of lower facial contouring procedure using facial golden mask. Methods: Seventeen patients, aged 18 to 55 years (mean, 28.6 years), 15 women and 2 men, consented to the study and receive a contouring procedure of lower face. The patients were classified in to 2 groups. In group A, the sample consisted of 10 patients with a prominent squared mandibular angle and mandibular angle splitting ostectomy was performed. In group B, the sample consisted of 7 patients with masseteric hypertrophy and botulinum toxin type A treatment was performed. Photographs of the face were taken to record the facial change at preoperative and postoperative. The postoperative photographs were taken to considered maximal effect at 2 years after surgery in group A and 4.8 months after treatment in group B. The authors applied the facial golden mask to preoperative and postoperative photographs and horizontal ratio, which compares facial width with golden mask width, were calculated. We made an analysis of the result of horizontal ratio using SPSS. Results: Overall average horizontal ratio of pre- and postoperative photos of group A were 1.24 and 1.11, whereas overall average horizontal ratio of pre- and postoperative photos of group B were 1.19 and 1.12. The horizontal ratio decreased 10.24% in group A and 5.93% in group B. There was a statistically significant change in before and after treatment, but there was no significant change in comparing the group A and group B. Conclusions: The result from this study suggest that mandibular angle sagittal ostectomy and botulinum toxin type A treatment showed relatively satisfactory clinical effects on lower facial contouring treatment. There was no statistical significant difference within two lower facial contouring treatment. Facial golden mask is easy to apply, inexpensive, and relatively objective, so we think that facial golden mask is a good method for evaluation of lower facial contouring treatment.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1119-1124
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• 2008

The theory of Hwa Acupuncture Therapy (HAT), called Hwa Chim Therapy, is a part of the Five Elements Theory unique to Korea. H99AT, created and developed by Jaehoon Song, integrates the victor-vanquished as well as the son-mother relationship of the Five Elements of breakdown and restoration of balance between yin and yang. And also, it provides resources and data on The seventy fifth Difficulty Nan(75難), The sixty ninth Difficulty Nan(69難) of Classic on Difficulty - Nan Jin 75, 69. HAT establishes objectiveness and accuracy of diagnosis based upon the traditional method and procedure of pulse taking. In HAT, a person's state of illness is diagnosed by applying the comparative examination of the palpitation of the pulse. It is the fact that the pulse varies according to the state, and that HAT treatment has proven the positive results by using the victor-vanquished relationship of Classic on The Nan Jin 75. On the basis of this, it is necessary to add the sixty ninth Difficulty(69難), to research the theory of the generation of the Five Element. Despite a the concise and simple theory, Hwa Chim is very effective in treating the wide range of illness, and thus it has gained an increasing attention of many scholars and practitioners in the field of traditional Korean oriental medicine. However, it is the first theoretical attempt to the clinical research and scientific methodology of Ohaeng(Five) Hwa Chim, and more active Hwa Acupuncture R&D is being conducted nationwide.