• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.5 s.108
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• pp.440-450
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• 2006

In this paper, the frequency sharing issue between time division duplex-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing/orthogonal frequency division multiple access(TDD-OFDM/OFDMA) based systems beyond third generation(B3G) and fixed Satellite Service(FSS) earth station has been studied. The conventional advanced minimum coupling loss(A-MCL) is adopted to assess the interference from a single base station(BS) of B3G systems. The aggregated interferences from base stations and mobile stations(MS) are evaluated by applying the extended A-MCL and analysed with a cumulative density function(CDF). The minimum distances that enable a single FSS earth station to sharing the frequency with a single BS are between 4 and 53.3 km. In the case of 20 MS per sector, the BS-to-BS distance and the minimum distance between a ES and BS are 6.5 and 2.8 km, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.379-382
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• 2001

To confirm the effect of food and water deprivation prior to Newcastle disease(ND) virus vaccination, three hundred chicks were divided into five groups with three replications. ND vaccine were sprayed to at 1 -day old chicks at commercial hatchery. Secondary and third vaccination was conducted at 2-week old and 24-day old chicks by LaSota strain. Control was conventionally vaccinated without withdrawing the food and water before or after vaccination. In group 2(G2) and 3(G3), LaSota strain was vaccinated to chicks before and after fasting the food and water for 3 and 2 hours, respectively. Group 4(G4) has the same fasting time of group 2, but supplemented the skim milk in vaccin dilution water. In group 5(G5), skim milk was added into group 3. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were weekly measured for 5 weeks. Blood was collected from wing vein at 24 and 35 days of age. Each serum antibody level were measured by hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test. The average weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion of all group were not significantly different. Weight gain of each groups was 1910.30(control), 1875.28(G2), 1952.12(G4) and 1896.05(G5), respectively. Feed intake of all group was recorded at 3160.67(control), 3167.07(G2), 3189.48(G3), 3157.85(G4) and 3178.16(G5), respectively. The feed conversion of each groups was 1.655(control), 1.688(G2), 1.633(G3), 1.699(G4) and 1.676(G5), respectively. The HI titer of G4 was $ 5.50{\Pm}$1.40 and significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05)(control : $4.36{\Pm}$1.87 , G2 : $5.18{\Pm}$2.14, G3 : $4.51{\Pm}$2.19, G : $5.28{\Pm}$1.58 at 35 days old. The results of this experiment indicated that two or three hours of fasting time before or after vaccination would be able to show the higher antibody level against ND virus.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.316-321
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• 2015

A small cationic peptide (JH8944) was tested for activity against a number of pathogens of agricultural crops. JH8944 inhibited conidium growth in most of the tested plant pathogens with a dose of $50{\mu}g/ml$, although one isolate of Fusarium oxysporum was inhibited at $5{\mu}g/ml$ of JH8944. Most conidia of Fusarium graminearum were killed within 6 hours of treatment with $50{\mu}g/ml$ of JH8944. Germinating F. graminearum conidia required $238{\mu}g/ml$ of JH8944 for 90% growth inhibition. The peptide did not cause any damage to tissues surrounding maize leaf punctures when tested at a higher concentration of $250{\mu}g/ml$ even after 3 days. Liposomes consisting of phosphatidylglycerol were susceptible to leakage after treatment with 25 and $50{\mu}g/ml$ of JH8944. These experiments suggest this peptide destroys fungal membrane integrity and could be utilized for control of crop fungal pathogens.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.197-209
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• 2013

This study analyzes the nature of consumers and smart phones as well as its limitations that domestic mobile communication companies confront. According to the analysis results, emerging technologies such as 5G communication, pervasive computing, augmented reality, and big data seem to have significant effect on the ICT ecosystem in the near future. Based on the results, this study suggests four counterstrategies for domestic mobile communication companies: big data strategy, preparation of things acting as a main communication agent, new service platform development, and 'total life care service provider' strategy.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.762-772
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• 2022

Current disaster alert broadcasting based on mobile communication systems targets personal mobile terminals such as smartphones. However, smart cities require IoT-based services such as smart homes and offices. Therefore, when severe disasters such as earthquakes occur, smart cities must quickly perform appropriate control and respond to buildings and factories. For this, a disaster warning broadcasting technique for IoT terminals for smart cities is required. In this paper, we propose a disaster alert transmission method based on 4G/5G mobile communication for IoT terminals for smart cities. The proposed method effectively utilizes the image display method for CBS, a cell-based broadcasting service, and shows the superiority of the proposed approach through simulation.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.51-60
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• 2019

As a way to further expand and enable the 5G ecosystem, the $3^{rd}$ Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is considering the development of a 5G new radio (NR)-based non-terrestrial network (NTN). These NTNs are expected to provide ubiquitous 5G services to user's equipment (especially, in Internet of Things/machine-type communications (IoT/MTC) public safety, and critical communications) by extending service coverage to areas not covered by 5G terrestrial networks. To this end, this NTN is developing scenarios to provide 5G services using spaceborne vehicles, such as geosynchronous and low-Earth orbit satellites, and airborne vehicles, such as unmanned aircraft systems, including high-altitude pseudo-satellites. In addition, various technologies are being studied to satisfy new requirements not considered in 5G NR, such as long propagation delay time, large cell coverage, large Doppler effect, and base station movement. In this paper, we present the scenarios, requirements, technical issues and solutions, and standardization planning for NR-based NTN in 3GPP.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.495-499
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• 2008

Last year UMTS (UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) 3G service started and these days 3 its service subscribers sharply increased. Now totally we have been increasing 13 million subscribers, every month 0.8 million people join 3G Service. MSC (Mobile Switching Center) is most important equipment in 3G system, so we call it 'core' network. Higher capacity MSC required to accommodating 1 million subscribers. It is very important whether MSC can accommodate maximum subscriber or not. So systematic analysis, reliable test results are required. This article presents WCDMA MSC performance evaluation case. This would be some direction for designing and developing some communication equipment. This Case Study demonstrates our MSC system performance.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 2002

In this study, to assess the diagnostic value for mastitis in dairy cows, change of acute phase proteins(haptoglobin and serum amyloid A) concentrations in milk and sera of dairy cows were measured. 50 dairy cows were used in this experiment and divided into two groups. The first group was the healthy dairy cow group whose milk contained less than 2.0${\times}$10$\^$5/ somatic cell counts(n=5). The second group was the mastitis-dairy cow group whose milk counted higher than 5.0${\times}$10$\^$5/ somatic cell counts(n=45). The concentration of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in milk and sera from these two groups were determined by Tridelta range haptoglobin kit and serum amyloid A kit. The concentration of haptoglobin in the milk from first group was undetectable value and that of the second group was 124.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. And the concentration of haptoglobin in serum of the first group was 32.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and that of the second group was 214.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. The concentration of serum amyloid A in the milk from first group was 0.32$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and that of the second group was 17.7$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. And the concentration of serum amyloid A in serum of the first group was 5.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and that of the second group was 25.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. It was concluded that concentration of haptoglobin and serum amyoid A in milk and serum may be was to discriminate between normal and mastitic milks.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate effects of honeybee venom (Apis mellifera L. BV) on the calving, the growth performance and blood chemistry occurrence of Hanwoo calves. A total of twenty, a 3 day old male experimental calves were allocated into four groups, BV treated (0.05 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg BV, n=5, respectively) and non-treated (n=5, Control) of Hanwoo calves in Icheon, Kyonggi province. Treatment of BV in calves increased body weight and weight gain during 60 days compared with control group. The concentrations of IgG in blood were significantly increased in BV groups compared with control at 60 days after treatment with BV. Cholesterol and glucose concentrations in BV group were significantly lower with control at 60 days. There were no differences in plasma biochemical components including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphate (AKLP), total protein, albumin, globuline, total bilirubin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and $Ca^+$. In conclusion, the BV treatment had effect on growth, the score of the calf scours and blood biochemical profile.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.372-384
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to provide a basic resource for establishment of hygienic management standards for meal delivery from the central kitchen to schools. Flow diagrams for delivery of food were analyzed, and time-temperature conditions of the food and environment were measured. Four different foods samples including Mexican salad, radish salad, stir-fried pork and vegetables, and stir-fried chicken and vegetables were collected after production and before service. Microbiological analysis was performed for aerobic plate counts (APC), Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, E. coli, Salmonella spp., S. aureus, B. cereus, C. perfringens, and L. monocytogenes. After completion of production of cooked foods 2~3 hours were taken for the cooked foods to reach the temperature danger zone. Food temperatures at the meal service did not meet the recommended temperatures ($10/57^{\circ}C$) for conventional school food service systems. The highest APC counts were observed in radish salad (5.70 log CFU/g), followed by Mexican salad (5.18 log CFU/g). Enterobacteriaceae and coliform counts were within acceptable levels of those recommended by the UK Public Health Laboratory Service. No E. coli or pathogens were found. These results provide useful information for determination of microbiological hazards in school food service systems, and suggest that time-temperature control during delivery is necessary for the safety of cooked foods.