• Spatial Information Research
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2010

기존의 소방대상시설물 도면은 이미지도면이나 CAD도면 형태의 2차원 도면형태로 존재하고 있다. 구축되어 있는 데이터의 형태도 다양한 방식으로 이루어져 있기 때문에 소방방재업무에서 필요로 하는 신속 정확한 대응체계를 위해서는 기존의 2차원 도면형태로 구축된 도면을 3차원으로 변환할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 소방방재 대상이 되는 2차원 건축도면을 3차원 공간정보로 손쉽게 구축하기 위하여 건축도면에 대한 분석과 3차원 공간정보 데이터모델을 설계하고 이를 3차원 공간정보로 변환할 수 있는 툴을 개발하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 소방대상 2차원 도면의 3차원 변환방법을 통하여 다량의 2차원 도면을 3차원 공간정보로 쉽게 변환할 수 있으며 이를 통해 소방방재 업무의 활용도를 향상 시킬 수 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of the type-D personality on quality of life and illness intrusiveness. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaire from 200 patients with coronary artery disease(CAD). Variables were measured with the Type-D Scale-14(DS14), Korean Health Related Quality of Life Scale(KoQoLS), and the Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale(ILRS). Results: Of the patients, 38% were classified as type-D personality. Among the 10 subcategories of quality of life, the highest mean score was bodily pain($5.84{\pm}2.85$) and the lowest was role limitation($1.52{\pm}1.20$). Among 13 item of illness intrusiveness, the highest mean score was health($3.78{\pm}1.73$) and the lowest was family relationships($2.14{\pm}1.58$). There were significant differences in all the subcategories of quality of life between type-D and non type-D except for subcategories of bodily pain and role limitation. However, there were no significant differences in illness intrusiveness between type-D and non type-D. Conclusion: Type-D is an important factor in quality of life in patients with CAD, but no correlations between type-D and illness intrusiveness were found. These results can be used as basic data for developing cardiac rehabilitation programs to improve quality of life in type-D patients.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.626-634
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• 2017

This study investigated garment formability of the 73 breathable fabrics for sports-wear garment and their fabric mechanical properties were measured using KES-FB and FAST systems. Predicted garment formability from the mechanical properties measured using KES-FB and FAST systems was compared and discussed with fabric structural parameters. In addition, virtual 3D simulation silhouette by I-designer CAD system wear appearance by simulation using 3D CAD system. And compared with FAST finger chart by mechanical properties of FAST system. The correlation coefficients of extensibility and shear modulus between KES-FB and FAST systems were high, however, bending rigidity and compressibility showed relatively low correlation coefficients. The correlation coefficient of garment formability of breathable fabrics between KES-FB and FAST systems was 0.82. It revealed that garment formability can be predicted from fabric mechanical properties by KES-FB and FAST systems. The garment formability of nylon breathable fabric was higher than that of PET one, and the garment formability of laminated breathable fabric showed the highest value compared to coated, dot and hot melt laminated breathable fabrics. It revealed that garment formability of breathable fabrics for sports-wear can be predicted from fabric mechanical properties and garment formability was dependent on the materials, finishing method and fabric structural parameters.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the occurrence of errors regarding adaptation by conducting a three-dimensional assessment comparing the bridge type dental restoration after the cutting process, which has multiple abutments, with a single type dental restoration. Methods: By using ten identical files obtained by scanning the master model, thirty designs were created consisting of ten maxillary right first premolars and ten maxillary right first molars with single crown abutments, along with ten bridge designs with the identical abutment. A 5-axis milling machine was used to produce the design file. The produced denture prostheses were scanned using a silicone replica for a STL file. An evaluation was conducted using 3D analysis software on the master model and each of the thirty data files. Results: The RMS value of the pre-molar (14) was $38.4{\pm}4{\mu}m$ for single and $54.7{\pm}6{\mu}m$ for bridge abutment; therefore, a statistically significant difference was observed for single and bridge designs although both shared the same abutment form (P<.05). Also, the RMS value of the molar (16) was $47.6{\pm}2{\mu}m$ and $56.6{\pm}5{\mu}m$ for the single and bridge designs, respectively, thereby presenting a statistically significant difference (P<.05). Conclusion: As a result, dental prosthesis fabricated using the single method presented better internal adaptation outcomes.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.252-254
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• 2009

프로그레시브 노칭과 포밍금형에 있어서 박판성형해석에 의한 사전 분석은 제품을 양산하는데 꼭 거쳐야 하는 필수과정이다. 본 논문에서 연구한 Ez5는 일본 S 자동차의 미국 현지 공장에서 발주한 수출 금형을 가지고 스트립 레이아웃 설계에 관한 것을 연구한 것이다. 광폭 1열 1개 뽑기의 편측캐리어를 단 배열로 블랭크 레이아웃을 최적화하였다. 사용된 3D CAD/CAM 소프트웨어는 Cimatron E Die Design이며 10개 공정으로 스트립 레이아웃설계를 완성하였다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.354-360
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• 2018

PURPOSE. To compare and analyze trueness and precision of provisional crowns made using stereolithography apparatus and subtractive technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Digital impressions were made using a master model and an intraoral scanner and the crowns were designed with CAD software; in total, 22 crowns were produced. After superimposing CAD design data and scan data using a 3D program, quantitative and qualitative data were obtained for analysis of trueness and precision. Statistical analysis was performed using normality test combined with Levene test for equal variance analysis and independent sample t-test. Type 1 error was set at 0.05. RESULTS. Trueness for the outer and inner surfaces of the SLA crown (SLAC) were $49.6{\pm}9.3{\mu}m$ and $22.5{\pm}5.1{\mu}m$, respectively, and those of the subtractive crown (SUBC) were $31.8{\pm}7.5{\mu}m$ and $14.6{\pm}1.2{\mu}m$, respectively. Precision values for the outer and inner surfaces of the SLAC were $18.7{\pm}6.2{\mu}m$ and $26.9{\pm}8.5{\mu}m$, and those of the SUBC were $25.4{\pm}3.1{\mu}m$ and $13.8{\pm}0.6{\mu}m$, respectively. Trueness values for the outer and inner surfaces of the SLAC and SUBC showed statistically significant differences (P<.001). Precision for the inner surface showed significance (P<.03), whereas that for the outer surface showed no significance (P<.58). CONCLUSION. The study demonstrates that provisional crowns produced by subtractive technology are superior to crowns fabricated by stereolithography in terms of accuracy.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2021

PURPOSE. To evaluate the wear of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) dental ceramic materials opposed by enamel as a function of increased chewing forces. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The enamel cusps of healthy human third molar teeth (n = 40) opposed by materials from CAD-CAM dental ceramic groups (n = 10), including Vita Enamic^® (ENA), a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN); GC Cerasmart^® (CERA), a resin nanoceramic; Celtra^® Duo (DUO), a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) ceramic; and IPS e.max ZirCAD (ZIR), a polycrystalline zirconia, were exposed to chewing simulation (1,200,000 cycles; 120 N load; 1 Hz frequency; 0.7 mm lateral and 2 mm vertical motion). The wear of both enamel cusps and materials was quantified using a 3D laser scanner, and the wear mechanisms were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were analysed using Welch ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test (α = .05). RESULTS. ZIR showed lower volume loss (0.02 ± 0.01 mm³) than ENA, CERA and DUO (P = .001, P = .018 and P = .005, respectively). The wear of cusp/DUO [0.59 mm³ (0.50-1.63 mm³)] was higher than cusp/CERA [0.17 mm³ (0.04-0.41 mm³)] (P = .007). ZIR showed completely different wear mechanism in SEM. CONCLUSION. Composite structured materials such as PICN and ZLS ceramic exhibit more abrasive effect on opposing enamel due to their loss against wear, compared to uniform structured zirconia. The resin nano-ceramic causes the lowest enamel wear thanks to its flexible nano-ceramic microstructure. While zirconia appears to be an enamel-friendly material in wear volume loss, it can cause microstructural defects of enamel.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1111-1125
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• 2010

Study is a basic analysis of a future virtual clothing system based on a comparative analysis of all the shirring, using a 3-dimensional apparel cad system. Frilled skirts shirred at the lower hemline were the subject of this study for a comparison of expression and shape of shirring. It compared the silhouette and details expressed in virtual and real skirts made of woolen fabrics and polyester satin, with different widths (1.5, 2 and 2.5 widths). It was found that the virtual skirt could not express shirring as exquisitely as the real skirt due to fabric thickness and other fabric characteristics. In addition, the increase in widths caused the frill shape to deform badly. In the case of a virtual skirt made of polyester satin, the increased multiplication factor let the frill spread out sharply (unlike the real skirt). Simulated skirts of polyester satin and woolen spread out to the sides with the sidelines of their frills hanging down markedly (unlike the real cloths) when the frills changed from 1.5 widths to 2 widths. When it came to the virtual skirt, side-line from the hip down all the way short of frill contorted with the wrinkle multiplication factor of 2 and 2.5 widths. This phenomenon was more notable in polyester satin skirts than in woolen skirts.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2005

최근 대부분의 제품 디자이너들이 3차원 CAD 시스템을 필수적인 디자인 도구로서 활용하고 있고 이를 기반으로 많은 신제품들이 동시공학적 프로세스로 개발되고 있다. 그런데 초심 디자이너들이 3차원 CAD시스템을 사용하며 겪는 어려움 중 하나는 스크린을 통해 모델링한 오브젝트의 실체적 느낌을 정확히 판단하기 어렵다는 것이다. 이러한 '실체성 결여'의 문제는 3차원 CAD시스템에서의 모델링 작업이 가상공간 안에서만 이루어지기 때문에 촉각적 상호작용이 부재하고 현실공간에 대한 맥락정보가 결여되어 있는 것이 그 원인이라고 착 수 있다. 문제해결을 위해 본 연구에서는 증강현실기술을 활용하여 3차원 CAD 모델링 오브젝트를 현실공간에 정합시킴으로서 제품디자인에서 상호작용적인 정량구조 시뮬레이션의 가능성을 탐색하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 우선 증강현실 기반 정량구조 시뮬레이션 시스템을 구축하고 그 속에서 인간이 가상 오브젝트의 크기를 얼마나 정확하게 인지하고 조정할 수 있는지 실험하였다. 실험 결과 상대오차 1.3%이내(상대표준편차 5.3%이내)로서 상당히 정확하고 정밀한 크기 인지와 조정이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 실험조건에 따라서는 주변참조물이 풍부한 경우 오브젝트에 대한 크기인지가 용이하고 HDM보다는 LCD 패널을 사용할 경우 더욱 정확한 크기 조정이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 연구를 통해 제안한 증강현실 기반 정량구조 시뮬레이션시스템의 응용가능성을 탐색하기 위해 홈 서비스 로봇의 외관에 대해 사용자의 선호경향을 파악하는데 적용해 보았다. 아직 홈 서비스 로봇에 대한 전형적 이미지가 미비해서인지 외관특성에 대한 실험참가자의 선호경향에는 큰 편차가 보였고 군집분석을 통해 몇 그룹으로 세분화할 수 있었다. 그러나 팔이라는 조형요소의 유무에 따라 민감한 반응을 보인 점과 인체와 같이 신장과 팔길이 사이에 강한 상관성이 존재하는 것은 흥미로운 발견이었다. 프로세스를 제안하고자 한다.0 이용과 복제제한에 관한 주기(terms governing use and reproduction notes), 541 직접적 출처주기(immediate source of acquisition note), 545 행정연혁/개인이력주기(biographical or historical note), 581 출판주기(publication note), 850 소장처(holding institution) 데이터필드의 식별기호를 재구성, 추가하였다.근방법과 컨조인트 분석)의 조화를 이룰 수 있는 이론적 기초가 될 수 있다. 즉, 제품디자인의 결정요인 분석결과는 QFD의 접근방법에, 제품 디자인 파급효과 분석결과는 컨조인트 분석에 각각 보완적 기여를 할 수 있다. 이와 동시에, 실증적 분석결과는 Ettlie(1997)의 디자인 통합(DI) 이론에 대한 실증적 기반을 제공할 수 있다. 마지막으로, 성공적인 디자인 경영(DM)을 위해서는 최고 경영자의 지원뿐만 아니라 부처 간 의사소통의 장애요인을 제거하고 CFT(cross-functional team)를 운영함으로써 동시적 엔지니어링(CE) 및 제품 및 공정 디자인의 개발이 제품 개발의 속도를 가속화하고 디자인 품질을 높이며 시장 성공을 보증할 수 있도록 해야 한다.임과 채팅은 긍정적인 상호관련을 가진 것으로 나타난 반면 전자메일 서비스 이용은 성적 만족과 부정적인 상호관련을 가진 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 대학생들이 지루하게 느끼거나 외로움을 느낄 때 전자메일을 주로 이용하지만 성적 만족을 위해 전자메일을 이용하지 않고 있다는 사실을 보여주는 것이다. (3) 인터넷 이용 이후 다른 미디어와 면대면 커뮤니케이션과의 관계 인터넷을 이용한 후 응답자들의 전통적인 미디어(텔레비전, 라디오, 신문, 잡지, 편지, 전화) 이용이 감소되었으며 친구, 가족, 이성친구와의 면대면 커뮤니케이션 역시 감소된

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to three-dimensionally (3D)-printed materials after various surface treatments and artificial aging compared with that bonded to computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-milled materials. Methods: Eighty cylindrical specimens were 3D printed and divided into the following four subgroups (n = 20 each) according to the surface treatment and artificial aging procedure. Group A, sandblasted with 50 ㎛ aluminum oxide particles (SA) and aging; group B, sandblasted with 30 ㎛ silica-coated alumina particles (CO) and aging; group C, SA without aging; and group D, CO without aging. For the control group, 20 CAD-CAM PMMA-milled cylindrical specimens were sandblasted with SA and aged. The SBS was measured using a universal testing machine (0.25 mm/min), examined at ×2.5 magnification for failure mode classification, and statistically analyzed (p = 0.05). Results: The retention obtained with the 3D-printed materials (groups A-D) was higher than that obtained with the PMMA-milled materials (control group). However, no significant difference was found between the study and control groups, except for group C (SA without aging), which showed significantly higher retention than the control group (PMMA-SA and thermocycling) (p = 0.037). Study groups A-D predominantly exhibited a cohesive specimen mode, indicating specimen fracture. Conclusions: Orthodontic brackets bonded to 3D-printed materials exhibit acceptable bonding strengths. However, 3D-printed materials are prone to cohesive failure, which may result in crown fractures.