• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.278-280
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• 1994

1,5-diketones(3) undewent cyclization to 4H-pyrano[3,2-d]pyrazoles (4a-d),4H-piperidino[3, 2-d]pyrazole (5) and pyrazolo[5,4-d]thiopyran (6) upon treatment with P/sub 2/O/sub 5/, CH/sub 3/COONH/sub 4/ and /or P/sub 2/S/sub 5/. Moreover, treatment of (4) with CH/sub 3/COONH/sub 4/ and/or P/sub 2/S/sub 5/ afforded (5) and (6). The structures of the hitherto unknown ring systems have been confirmed by analytical and spectral data.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.55-60
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• 1971

Among 50 yeasts of red pepper paste isolated and identified in the previous report, 12 strains of yeast which possess osmophilic and non-film characteristics were examined their growth rates and alcohol fermentation ability in red pepper medium. 5 strains of yeast possessing powerful growth rates and excellent alcohol fermentation ability were selected as excellent yeasts in this experiment. And their cultural conditions, salt resistance and red pepper concentration upon the growth were examined in this report. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) Among 12 strains of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae group II(strain $D_1$), Saccharomyces oviformis($D_2$), Saccharomyces steineri($M_3$), Saccharomyces rouxii($D_9$) and Saccharomyces mellis($G_8$) were selected as excellent yeasts. 2) Among 5 strains of yeast selected, the strain $D_1$ and $D_2$showed the best alcohol fermentation ability and the best fermentative flavour. 3) The optimum temperature for growth of the strain $D_1$ and $D_2$ was $25^{\circ}C$$M_3$, $D_9$ and $G_8$ $30^{\circ}C$$D_1$ and $D_2$ was $62^{\circ}C$$M_3$,$D_9$ and $G_8$ ws 60.deg.C with treatment for 10 minutes. 4) The optimum pH for growth of all strains was around 5.0. 5) The strain $D_1$ and $M_3$were grown exceedingly well on the emdia containing 3 percent of NaCl and $D_2$,$D_9$ and $G_8$ on the media containing 6 percent of NaCl. 6) In the case of 5 percent of red pepper liquor added 5 percent of glucose was more nutritional than in the case of 5 percent glucose only. However, the growth rates of yeasts were restrained by the increase of red pepper concentration.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.233-240
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• 2020

Background: Cross-culturally adapted questionnaires may not be comparable to their original version. Objects: To examine concurrent validity of two health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments for the Korean versions of EuroQOL-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) and the abbreviated version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument. Methods: A total of 139 cancer survivors from two rehabilitation institutes was recruited. All participants were registered for palliative rehabilitation care. Both instruments were concurrently administered by health care providers following the second bout of the rehabilitation cares. Rasch partial credit model and Spearman's correlation analysis were used to investigate: 1) dimensionality, 2) hierarchical item difficulty, and 3) concurrent validity using correlations between two instruments. Results: For the WHOQOL-BREF, all items except negative feeling, pain, dependence of medical aid, were found to be acceptable, while all items of EQ-5D were acceptable. There was an evidence of negative correlations between EQ-5D and 4 domains of WHOQOL-BREF. Two correlations were strong (EQ-5D vs. physical health domain, ρ = -0.610, 95% CI = -0.716 to -0.475) and moderate (EQ-5D vs. psychosocial domain, ρ = -0.402, 95% CI = -0.546 to -0.236). Other two correlations were weak (EQ-5D vs. social relationship and environmental domains, ρ = -0.242, 95% CI = -0.401 to -0.075 and ρ = -0.364, 95% CI = -0.514 to -0.207, respectively). Item difficulty calibrations of the two measurements were ranged from -0.84 to 0.86 for the EQ-5D and -1.07 to 1.06 for the WHOQOL-BREF. Conclusion: The study provides some supports for the concurrent validity of the two Korean versions of HRQOL instrument, with evidences of weak to strong correlations between the EQ-5D and four domains of the WHOQOL-BREF applied to various cancer survivors. Additionally, the cancer survivors appeared to have more of a tendency to view the EQ-5D items as being slightly more challenging than the WHOQOL-BREF items.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1165-1171
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• 2020

In this study, we designed a single antenna taking into account the performance, such as return loss and radiation pattern, of 28 GHz and 38 GHz array antennas for 5G mobile devices. In millimeter wave band communication, high path loss occurs between transmission and reception, unlike in conventional microwave bands. In the design of array antennas for 5G millimeter wave terminals, antenna performance such as antenna gain, bandwidth, isolation between antenna elements, side-lobe level(SLL), etc. should be further considered. The performance of the designed array antennas was analyzed by spacing the antenna elements at half a wavelength. Our results proved the validity of the design and its suitability for applications in mm-Wave by showing that the 28 GHz and 39 GHz array antennas had antenna gains of 13.5 dBi and 11.3 dBi and return losses below -18.4 dB and -20 dB, correspondingly.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.549-554
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• 2003

In this paper, we have designed and implemented by a monolithic microwave integrated circuit(MMIC) of a 5.8GHz-band low noise amplifier (LNA) composed of receiver front-end(RFE) in a on-board equipment system for dedicated short range communication. The designed LNA is provided with two active devices, matching circuits, and two drain bias circuits. Operating at a single supply of 3V and a consumption current of 18mA, The gain at center frequency 5.8GHz is 13.4dB, NF is 1.94dB, Input IP3 is -3dBm, S$_{11}$ is -18dB, and S$_{22}$ is -13.3dB. The circuit size is 1.2 $\times$ 0.7 $\textrm{mm}^2$.>.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.419-425
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• 2008

For $q^5-q^3-q^2-q+1{\leq}d{\leq}q^5-q^3-q^2$, we prove the non-existence of a $[g_q(6,d),6,d]_q$ code and we give a $[g_q(6,d)+1,6,d]_q$ code by constructing appropriate 0-cycle in the projective space, where $g_q (k,d)={{\sum}^{k-1}_{i=0}}{\lceil}\frac{d}{q^i}{\rceil}$. Consequently, we have the minimum length $n_q(6,d)=g_q(6,d)+1\;for\;q^5-q^3-q^2-q+1{\leq}d{\leq}q^5-q^3-q^2\;and\;q{\geq}3$.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.2089-2094
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• 2003

The flow around a circular cylinder was controlled by attaching O-rings to reduce drag force acting on the cylinder. Four experimental models were tested in this study; one smooth cylinder of diameter D (D=60mm) and three cylinders fitted with O-rings of diameters d=0.0167D, 0.05D and 0.067D with pitches of PPD=1D, 0.5D and 0.25D. The drag force, mean velocity and turbulent intensity profiles in the near wake behind the cylinders were measured for Reynolds numbers based on the cylinder diameter in the range of $Re_D=7.8{\times}10^3{\sim}1.2{\times}10^5$. At $Re_D=1.2{\times}10^5$, the cylinder fitted with O-rings of d=0.0167D in a pitch interval of 0.25D shows the maximum drag reduction of about 5.4%, compared with the smooth cylinder. The drag reduction effect of O-rings of d=0.067D is not so high. For O-ring circulars, as the Reynolds number increases, the peak location of turbulence intensity shifts downstream and the peak magnitude is decreased. Flow field around the cylinders was visualized using a smoke-wire technique to see the flow structure qualitatively. The size of vortices and vortex formation region formed behind the O-ring cylinders are smaller, compared with the smooth cylinder.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2004

The present study was conducted to evaluate dietary requirements for essential fatty acids (EFAs) such as linoleic acid (LA, l8:2n-6), -lenolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3), or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) in juvenile eel Anguilla japonica cultured in a recirculating system for 16 weeks. The experimental diets contained 50% crude protein, 10% crude lipid and 3800 kcal/kg energy.Brown fish meal and blood meal were used as the main protein sources, while coconut oil, com oil and linseed oil were used as the lipid source to yield target fatty acids ratios. At the end of the trial, the effects of essential fatty acids supplementation on weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feeding efficiency (FE), proximate composition andwhole body fatty acids contents were examined. WG, SGR, and FEof eels fed diet D2, D3, was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of fish fed the other diets. Whole body HUFA concentration of eels fed D 1 was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those fed the other diets. HUFA/SFA (saturated fatty acids) ratio of whole body in eels fed diets D2, D3 and D6 were significantly higher than that of eels fed diet D1 (P<0.05).DHA/EPA ratio of whole body in eels fed diet D7was significantly higher than those fed the other diets; and eels fed diet D5 showed the lowest DHA/EPA ratio among all the dietary treatments (P<0.05).Based on the experimental results, we concluded that LNA (n-3) and LA (n-6) were necessary for optimum growth of juvenile eel, and the dietary requirement of LNA and LA were 0.35∼0.5% and 0.5∼0.65%, respectively.

• Korea Petroleum Association Journal
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• no.7 s.243
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• pp.86-96
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• 2004

●2003년 우리나라 석유소비는 전년대비 1.0% 증가한 2,303천b/d로, 세계 7위를 기록함. 순위는 미국, 중국, 일본, 독일, 러시아연방, 인도, 한국 순임.-1995년 이후 8년 연속 세계6위를 유지하여왔으나 인도가 정부주도하에 10차 5개년 경제개발계획(2002~2007년)을 수립하고 이에 따라 매년 석유수요가 증가함에 따라 2003년 석유수요는 2,462천b/d를 기록, 한국을 제치고 6위를 차지함. ●세계 석유소비순위를 보면 미국이 20,071천d/b로 부동의 1위를 차지했고 2002년에 중국이 일본을 2만b/d의 근소한 차이로 2위를 차지하였으나 지난해에는 격차를 53만b/d로 벌리면서 2위자리를 지켰음. ●우리나라의 경제능력은 2,316천b/d로 전년보다 한 계단 아래인 6위를 기록함.-우리나라는 지난 1997년 이후 6년간 5위를 유지하여 왔으나, 인도가 정책적인 독려에 힘입어 정제능력을 증강한 결과 2,333천b/d로 한국을 제치고 5위를 차지함. ●국가별 정제능력 순위에서는 미국이 1,689만 4천d/b로 1위를 차지한 가운데 러시아가 정제능력을 확충하여 5,512천b/d를 기록, 5,487천b/d를 기록한 중국을 제치고 1년만에 다시 2위자리로 올라섰음.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.4643-4646
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• 2016

The CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) delta 32 allele results in a nonfunctional form of the chemokine receptor and has been implicated in a variety of immune-mediated diseases. $CCR5{\Delta}32$ may also predispose one to chronic liver disease or be linked with resistance to HBV infection. This study was undertaken to investigate any association between CCR5 polymorphism with resistance to hepatitis B or susceptibility to HBV infection. A total of 812 Iranian individuals were enrolled into two groups: HBV infected cases (n=357), who were HBsAg-positive, and healthy controls (n=455). We assessed polymorphisms in the CCR5 gene using specific CCR5 oligonucleotide primers surrounding the breakpoint deletion. Genotype distributions of the HBV infected cases and healthy controls were determined and compared. The CCR5/CCR5 (WW) and $CCR5/CCR5{\Delta}32$ (W/D) genotypes were found in (98%) and (2%) of HBV infected cases, respectively. The $CCR5{\Delta}32/{\Delta}32$genotype was not found in HBV infected cases. Genotype distributions of CCR5 in healthy controls were W/W genotype in (87.3%), W/D genotype in (11.2%) and D/D genotype in (1.5%). Heterozygosity for $CCR5/CCR5{\Delta}32$ (W/D) in healthy controls was greater than in HBV infected cases (11.2% vs 2%, p < 0.001). W/D and D/D genotypes were more prominent in healthy controls than in HBV infected cases. This study provides evidence that the $CCR5{\Delta}32$ polymorphism may have a protective effect in resistance to HBV infection at least in the Iranian population.