• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.510-515
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• 1986

Spectra for the $v_3$+ Amide II combination band of thioacetamide(TA) were obtained in carbon tetrachloride solutions and in very dilute solutions of TA-N,N-dimethlylacetamide (DMA) in carbon tetrachloride in the range of 5~55$^{\circ}$C. The combination band in the three component system can be resolved into components due to monomeric TA, 1 : 1 TA-DMA complex and 1 : 2 TA-DMA complex. In the dilute solutions the experimental spectrum was resolved by using the computer into its two Lorentzian-Gaussian product components which have been identified with the monomeric TA and the 1 : 1 complex. The equilibrium constants and thermodynamic parameters of 1 : 1 complex were determined by analysis of concentration and temperature dependent spectra. The ${\Delta}H^{\circ}$ and ${\Delta}S^{\circ}$ for the 1 : 1 complex were -14.4 KJ mol$^{-1}$ and -15.6 J mol$^{-1}deg^{-1}$, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.501-510
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• 2013

In the creative problem solving processes, the core was to generate unique and various ideas. Thus, an assumption reversal thinking skill needed to be considered as a concrete method that could help students who have difficulties with generating ideas. In this study, we applied the assumption reversal thinking skill to university students and explored the characteristics of the idea generation process. On the basis of the results, we found that the assumption reversal thinking skill helped students generate new ideas, inducing their perspective changes. Therefore, we could ascertain the possibilities of the assumption reversal thinking skill as a thinking frame supporting students' idea generation. However, there is a need to develop methods for students to exclude prejudice by theoretical judgment, intervention of the value, and experience for fostering more effective assumption reversal thinking. Also, ways should be considered so that students would be able to cultivate task commitment and courage of implementing new ideas, bearing criticism from others.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.220-224
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• 2011

Die-upset magnets from a mechanically-milled Pr(Co,In)$_5$-type alloy are known to have a peculiar texture; the easy magnetization axis (c-axis) is perpendicular to the pressing direction. This peculiar texture is thought to be linked closely to the anisotropic mechanical properties of Pr(Co,In)$_5$-type hexagonal compounds. The hardness of the Pr(Co,In)$_5$-type crystal was measured using selectively grown grains in an annealed $Pr_{17}Co_{82}In_1$ alloy button, and the crystallographic orientation was determined by observing the magnetic domain image. The hardness (549 VHN) on the plane with a 'cogwheel'-type domain image was significantly higher than that (510 VHN) on the plane with a 'cigar'-type domain image, indicating that the inter-layer bonding force between the (000l) basal planes is stronger than that between the (hki0) planes. This suggests that the most probable slip plane is the (hki0) plane parallel to the c-axis. During die-upsetting of the Pr(Co,In)$_5$-type alloys the deformation proceeds by (hki0) plane slip, and the c-axis rotates to ultimately become oriented perpendicular to the pressing direction. It is proposed that the peculiar texture in the die-upset Pr(Co,In)$_5$-type magnets is probably developed by slip deformation of the (hki0) plane of the Pr(Co,In)$_5$-type grains.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.55-64
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• 2013

The first purpose was to identify the plantar pressure distributions (peak pressure, pressure integral time, and contact area) during level walking, and stair ascent and descent in asymptomatic flexible flatfoot (AFF). The second purpose was to investigate whether peak pressure data during level walking could be used to predict peak pressure during stair walking by identifying correlations between the peak pressures of level walking and stair walking. Twenty young adult subjects (8 males and 12 females, age $21.0{\pm}1.7$ years) with AFF were recruited. A distance greater than 10 mm in a navicular drop test was defined as flexible flatfoot. Each subject performed at least 10 steps during level walking, and stair ascent and descent. The plantar pressure distribution was measured in nine foot regions using a pressure measurement system. A two-way repeated analysis of variance was conducted to examine the differences in the three dependent variables with two within-subject factors (activity type and foot region). Linear regression analysis was conducted to predict peak pressure during stair walking using the peak pressure in the metatarsal regions during level walking. Significant interaction effects were observed between activity type and foot region for peak pressure (F=9.508, p<.001), pressure time integral (F=5.912, p=.003), and contact area (F=15.510, p<.001). The regression equations predicting peak pressure during stair walking accounted for variance in the range of 25.7% and 65.8%. The findings indicate that plantar pressures in AFF were influenced by both activity type and foot region. Furthermore the findings suggest that peak pressure data during level walking could be used to predict the peak pressure data during stair walking. These data collected for AFF can be useful for evaluating gait patterns and for predicting pressure data of flexible flatfoot subjects who have difficulty performing activities such as stair walking. Further studies should investigate plantar pressure distribution during various functional activities in symptomatic flexible flatfoot, and consider other predictors for regression analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.505-510
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• 2017

This paper presents a low-cost robotic device for shoulder rehabilitation, which is capable of treating various shoulder disabilities. A 3-DOF passive shoulder joint tracking module was designed to allow for translational motion of the shoulder joint center during arm swing, which is essential for natural shoulder movement. The weight of the user's arm and the device were compensated for by springs, to enable gravity-free shoulder motion. In order to reduce the device's cost, only one actuator was used, which can be aligned with the user's shoulder joint in various orientations. The device is capable of implementing five representative shoulder motions, including flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, horizontal abd/adduction, internal/external rotation, and oblique raise. The proposed low-cost shoulder rehabilitation robot is expected to provide effective rehabilitation for patients with various shoulder impairments.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.510-519
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• 2002

The OpenGIS Consortium has proposed a new web-mapping technology to support interoperability in web GIS environment by developing the specifications of MapServer and GML. In this environment, the MapServer transforms legacy spatial data into GML data, and clients display them on standard web browsers. This web-mapping testbed proposes methods for discovering, accessing, integrating and displaying GIS information except processing of spatial operations which are essential services in GIS environment. This paper proposes the method for executing spatial operations on GML data which are overlays of different map layers in legacy data servers. To support spatial operations on GML data in web GIS environment, this paper designs and implements GDOM based on the W3C's DOM Specifications and OGC's Simple Features Specifications. This paper shows the specifications and implementation of GDOM and the process of spatial operations in web-mapping testbed environment.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.507-510
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• 2014

An 8 month-old female Pomeranian dog was presented with major complaints of heart murmur and cardiomegaly. Diagnostic study found the left-to-right patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with moderate heart failure (ISACHC II). The PDA occlusion was successfully accomplished using a $5mm{\times}3loops$ embolic coil through right femoral artery. Two months later, the dog came back to clinic with marked hypotension, severe diarrhea and pleural effusion. Diagnostic study found severe pulmonary hypertension and tricuspid regurgitation. The clinical condition was controlled by the administration of sildenafil (3 mg/kg, PO, TID). However, the dog was expired by dislodged embolic coil and inconsistent medication by the owner. Postmortem study found the pulmonary hypertension was occurred by the abnormally dislodged embolic coil. Although the embolic coil is widely used for PDA occlusion in toy dogs with PDA, the more careful evaluation for the size and shape of PDA is necessary to minimize the risk of dislodgement of pre-placed coil.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.293-297
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to know the correlation among refractive error and the dimensions of ocular components on older adults. Methods: The subjects were 95 older age who had no eye diseases. The refractive error, corneal radius, corneal diopter, axial length, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness were measured and analysed. Results: The axial length(AL)/corneal radius(CR) ratio was positively correlated with the corneal diopter, axial length, the anterior chamber depth. Then it was negatively correlated with corneal radius. It was shown that the highest correlation was between the corneal diopter and axial length (r = -0.545, p = 0.000). The spherical equivalent of the refractive error was negatively correlated with the AL/CR ratio. Conclusions: It was shown that the AL/CR ratio was a very important indicator for diagnosing the refractive error of the old age.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.505-510
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• 2010

This study was conducted to refine a micropropagation method of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in vitro. When young shoots were cultured on media with various concentrations of BA or TDZ alone, LS medium containing $5.0\;mgl^{-1}$ BA was found favorable for shoot proliferation from young shoots with a mean of 4.2 shoots. Using BA together with IAA, more shoots were obtained on LS medium containing $5.0\;mgl^{-1}$ BA and $1.0\;mgl^{-1}$ IAA with a mean of 5.7 shoots. In liquid medium, number of shoots and fresh weight per explant increased significantly. The best shoot proliferation and increasing of fresh weight were achieved on LS liquid medium containing $5.0\;mgl^{-1}$ BA and $1.0\;mgl^{-1}$ IAA with 6.9 shoots and more than 4,000 mg fresh weight. Of the different concentrations of LS salt, double strength of LS medium provided the highest shoot proliferation with 7.3 shoots, and fresh weight with 5,539 mg per explant. Shoot proliferation on LS medium containing $50\;gl^{-1}$ sucrose had better results with 8.7 shoots and 5,979 mg per explant in fresh weight than other conditions. In conclusion, the optimal level for shoot proliferation and biomass increase of water hyacinth was attained with the application of the double strength of LS medium containing $5.0\;mgl^{-1}$ BA, $1.0\;mgl^{-1}$ IAA and $50\;gl^{-1}$ sucrose.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.501-510
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• 2000

Recently, advanced signal analysis which is called "time-frequency analysis" has been used widely in nondestructive evaluation applications. Wavelet transform(WT) and Wigner Distribution are the most advanced techniques for processing signals with time-varying spectra. Wavelet analysis method is an attractive technique for evaluation of material characterization nondestructively. Wavelet transform is applied to the time-frequency analysis of ultrasonic echo waveform obtained by an ultrasonic pulse-echo technique. In this study, the feasibility of noise suppression of ultrasonic flaw signal and frequency-dependent ultrasonic group velocity and attenuation coefficient using wavelet analysis of ultrasonic echo waveform have been verified experimentally. The Gabor function is adopted the analyzing wavelet. The wavelet analysis shows that the variations of ultrasonic group velocity and attenuation coefficient due to the change of material characterization can be evaluated at each frequency. Furthermore, to assure the enhancement of detectability and naw sizing performance, both computer simulated results and experimental measurements using wavelet signal processing are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the noise suppression of ultrasonic flaw signal obtained from austenitic stainless steel weld including EDM notch.