• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.274-286
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of preoperative low body mass index (BMI) on both the short- and long-term outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 510 patients with gastric cancer were divided into the following 3 groups: low BMI group (${\leq}18.5kg/m^2$, n=51), normal BMI group ($18.6-24.9kg/m^2$, n=308), and high BMI group (${\geq}25.0kg/m^2$, n=151). Results: There were significantly more stage III/IV patients in the low BMI group than in the other groups (P=0.001). Severe postoperative complications were more frequent (P=0.010) and the survival was worse (P<0.001) in the low BMI group. The subgroup analysis indicated that survival was worse in the low BMI group of the stage I/II subgroup (P=0.008). The severe postoperative complication rate was higher in the low BMI group of the stage III/IV subgroup (P=0.001), although the recurrence rate and survival did not differ in the stage III/IV subgroup among all the BMI groups. Low BMI was an independent poor prognostic factor in the stage I/II subgroup (disease-free survival: hazard ratio [HR], 13.521; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.186-154.197; P=0.036 and overall survival: HR, 5.130; 95% CI, 1.644-16.010; P=0.005), whereas low BMI was an independent risk factor for severe postoperative complications in the stage III/IV subgroup (HR, 17.158; 95% CI, 1.383-212.940; P=0.027). Conclusions: Preoperative low BMI in patients with gastric cancer adversely affects survival among those with stage I/II disease and increases the severe postoperative complication rate among those with stage III/IV disease.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.499-510
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• 2016

생존분석 회귀모형에서 적절한 변수를 선택하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 "frailtyHL" R 패키지 (Ha 등, 2012)를 기반으로 하여 다수준 프레일티 모형 (multi-level frailty models)에서 벌점화 변수선택 방법 (penalized variable-selection method)의 절차를 소개한다. 여기서 모형 추정은 벌점화 다단계 가능도에 기초하며, 세 가지 벌점 함수 (LASSO, SCAD 및 HL)가 고려된다. 개발된 방법의 예증을 위해 벨기에 EORTC (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer; 유럽 암 치료기구)에서 수행된 다국가/다기관 임상시험 자료를 이용하여 세 가지 변수 선택 방법의 결과를 비교하고, 그 결과들의 상대적 장 단점에 대해 토론한다. 특히, 자료 분석 결과에 의하면 SCAD와 HL방법이 LASSO보다 중요한 변수를 잘 선택하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.83-97
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• 2006

This study was to investigate dietary habit for residents in the rural area of Chonnam, Muan. The subjects were composed of $61.2\%$ male and $38.3\%$ female (510 adults). In regularity of meal time, $56.3\%$ of the subjects had meals regularly. The older people were significantly higher than the younger people at regular intervals of meal times (p < 0.0001) . The majority of the subjects had appropriate meal amounts. $73.5\%$ of the subjects had balanced diets. Unbalanced diet was higher in younger people than in older people. The highest frequency to dining out was once a month and the lower age was significantly higher than older age (p < 0.001) When dining-out, the most important criteria for selecting a meal was the taste of food. $62.4\%$ of the subjects ate meat and greasy animal food more than once a week. The younger in age and higher in educational levels have increased meat intake frequency. In the eating methods of animal fat, $37.5\%$ of the subjects were high by eating generally untouched. The older in age, lower in education level have more increased animal fat intake frequency. $60.7\%$ of the subjects took snacks. The kinds of snacks were fruits, coffee, alcoholic drinks, candies and confectioneries, drinkables and tea, milk and dairy products, in order. Consequently, nutrition education is for them with special emphasis on regularity of meal times, unbalanced diets, dining-out and snacks to the younger people, whereas it is the necessary eating methods of animal fat and snacks to the older people.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2016

일반적으로 연소로는 연료의 연소과정에서 NOx, CO등의 공해물질을 배출한다. 본 연구는 소각연소로를 대상으로 2차 공기를 연소가스 흐름의 역방향으로 주입시키는 방법의 NOx 및 CO 배출특성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 연구의 주요변수는 1, 2차 공기의 유량비와 2차 공기의 투입 방향으로 설정하였다. 변수에 따른 NOx 및 CO 배출특성을 묘사하기 위해서 축소모형실험 연구를 수행하였다. 실험결과 1차 공기유량이 감소하고 2차 공기유량이 증가할수록 NOx가 감소되다가 일정 유량비 이상에서 다시 NOx가 다소 증가하는 형태가 나타났다. 역방향으로 빠른 유속의 2차 공기가 투입될 때 연소로 내부에 유동 재순환이 발생하여 혼합이 증가하고 이로 인해서 온도 영역이 고르게 분포되는 것으로 나타났으며 그 결과로서 thermal NOx의 저감 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. CO는 2차 공기가 역방향에서 높은 비율로 투입되는 조건이외에서는 측정되지 않았다. 측정된 경우도 CO의 농도는 2 ppm 이내로 안정적인 연소 조건으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.129-152
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• 2000

The Cheju Current (CC), defined here as a mean eastward flow in the Cheju Strait, mostly carries water of high temperature and salinity originating from the Kuroshio in winter and spring, the Cheju Warm Current Water (CWCW). The strong core of the eastward component of the CC is found close to Cheju Island (Cheju-Do, hereafter) in winter and spring with a peak speed of about 17.0 cm/s. The eastward flow weakens towards the northern Cheju Strait, and a weak westward flow occurs occasionally close to the southern coast of Korea. The volume transport ranges from 0.37 to 0.45 Sv(1 Sv=10$^6$ m$^3$/s) in winter and spring. Seasonal thermocline and harocline are formed in summer and eroded in November. The occurrence of the CWCW is confined in the southern Cheju Strait close to Cheju-Do below the seasonal thermocline in summer and fall, and cold water occupies the lower layer north of the CWCW which is thought to be brought into the area from the area west of Cheju-Do along with the CWCW. Stratification acts to increase both the speed of the CC with a peak speed of greater than 30 cm/s and the vertical shear of the along-strait currents. The strong core of the CC detached from the coast of Cheju-Do and shifted to the north during the stratified seasons. The volume transport in summer and fall ranges 0.510.66 Sv, which is about 1.5 times larger than that in winter and spring. An annual cycle of the cross-strait sea level difference shows its maximum in summer and fall and minimum in winter and spring, whose tendency is consistent with the annual variability of the CC and its transport estimated from the ADCP measurements. Moored current measurements west of Cheju-Do indicate the clockwise turning of the CC, and the moored current measurements in the Cheju Strait for 1530 days show the low-frequency variability of the along-strait flow with a period of about 37 days.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2006

강변여과는 원수를 강변의 대수층에 통과시켜 지층의 자체 정화능력을 이용하여 원수 중의 오염물질을 상당량 저감한 후 상수를 공급하는 방식이다. 본 연구에서는 지질정수를 추정하는 방법 중 하나인 역해석을 이용하여 강변여과 지역의 투수량계수를 추정하였다. 역해석이란 현장에서 직접 측정한 값과 프로그램을 통해 계산된 값의 차를 목적함수로 두고 이를 최소로 하도록 미지의 매개변수를 결정하는 것이다. 최적화 기법으로 BFGS(Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno)를 이용하였고, 정해석을 위해서는 지하수흐름을 2차원적으로 모의할 수 있는 MOC을 사용하여 역해석 프로그램을 개발하였다. 프로그램의 적용성을 검증하기 위해 실제 강변여과를 하고 있는 경남 창원시 대산면의 관측 지하수위를 이용하여 그 지역의 투수량계수를 추정하였다. 개발된 프로그램은 상이한 지하수위 조건에서의 역해석에서도 좋은 수렴성을 보였으며, 상용 역산모델과의 비교에서도 우월한 결과를 나타냈다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.510-521
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 해저관로의 국부세굴 특성을 고찰하기 위하여 파랑과 정상흐름이 결합된 흐름장에서 실험을 수행하였다. 조파장치와 흐름 발생장치를 이용하여 파랑과 흐름의 방향이 일치하는 경우와 반대인 경우에 대해서 검토하였다. 관경, 주기, 파고, 흐름속도 등을 변화시켜 가면서 해저관로 주변의 국부 세굴심을 측정하였다. 실험결과 최대평형 세굴심은 관경, 주기, 파고, 흐름속도가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 실험결과를 통하여, Shields 수, Froude 수, KC 수, 주기매개변수, Ursell 수, 수정 Ursell 수 및 유속비 등의 매개변수가 세굴심에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. Froude 수와 Shields 수가 국부세굴을 일으키는 주요매개변수로 나타났는데, 이것은 파랑과 흐름이 결합된 흐름장에서 어느 한도 내에서는 흐름이 세굴을 지배하는 것을 보여준다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.468-473
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• 2009

The antibiotic meroparamycin was produced in the free culture system of Streptomyces sp. strain MAR01. Five solid substrates (rice, wheat bran, Quaker, bread, and ground corn) were screened for their ability to support meroparamycin production in solid-state fermentation. In batch culture, wheat bran recorded the highest antibacterial activity with the lowest residual substrate values. The highest residual substrate values were recorded for both ground corn and Quaker. On the other hand, no antibacterial activity was detected for rice as a solid substrate. The use of the original strength of starch-nitrate medium in the solid-state fermentation gave a lower antibacterial activity compared with the free culture system. Doubling the strength of this medium resulted in the increase in the activity to be equivalent to the free culture. The initial pH (7.0) of the culture medium and 2 ml of spore suspension (1 ml contains $5{\times}10^{9}spores/ml$) were the optima for antibiotic production. The water was the best eluent for the extraction of the antibiotic from the solid-state culture. Ten min was enough time to extract the antibiotic using a mixer, whereas, 60 min was required when shaking was applied. Semicontinuous production of meroparamycin using a percolation method demonstrated a more or less constant antibacterial activity over 4 runs ($450-480{\mu}g/ml$). The semicontinuous production of the antibiotic was monitored in a fixed-bed bioreactor and the maximum activity was attained after the fourth run ($510{\mu}g/ml$) and the overall process continued for 85 days.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.504-510
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 4가지 가공방법(침지, 삶음, 볶음, 가압볶음)에 의해 처리한 두류가루로 쿠키를 제조한 후 그들의 이화학적 특성과 텍스처 특성을 살펴보았다. 품질특성과 영양적 가치를 높이기 위하여 두류-찹쌀 혼합가루를 이용하여 글루텐-프리 쌀쿠키를 제조하였다. 가압볶음과 삶음에 의해 두류가루는 호화가 일어나 페이스팅 점도를 나타나지 않았으며 볶음처리에 의한 두류가루는 열처리에 의해 상호작용이 유도되어 호화온도가 증가하고 치반점도가 거의 나타나지 않은 특성을 보였다. 볶음처리한 두류가루로 제조된 쿠키는 대조군과 거의 유사한 색상을 나타냈으며 가압볶음이나 삶음 처리한 두류가루 보다는 높은 경도를 나타냈다. 녹두가루보다는 동부가루로 제조한 쿠키가 더 우수한 색상을 나타냈으며 경도도 더 높은 결과를 보였다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 두류의 종류와 두류의 가공방법에 의해 글루텐-프리 쌀쿠키의 품질에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.169-170
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• 2003

The existence of coastal terraces, HH(High higher) surfaces found at Gampo of southeast coast and at Jeongdongjin of the central east coast were confirmed at Jigyeong-Ri, the areal border between Gyeongju- and Ulsan city on the southeast coast of Korea Peninsula. Especially this study reports HH JK-surface located on the 155m a.s.l., which is the highest altitude among the ancient shorelines of the coastal terraces in Korea. The HH surfaces on the study area are classified into HH JK at 155m, HH-I at 140m and HH-II at 115m, and each formation stage is related to MIS 17(720∼690ka BP), MIS 15(630∼560ka BP) and MIS 13(510∼480ka BP) respectively. The HH-surfaces remain to be larger than those of H- and L-surfaces. The reason is caused by the unique factors of the coastal geology and morphology on the study area during the formation stage. And also the areal difference by the magnitude of upheaval doesn't exist from north to south because the altitude system of ancient shoreline on each coastal terrace is same along the east coast. The upheaval rate of the eastern coastal areas was measured in the relation to the ancient shoreline and formation stage among the coastal terraces such as HH JK-, HH-I, HH-II, H-III and H-IY surface, and was almost same as 0.23mm/y.