• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential risk level of road cave-ins due to subsurface cavities based on the deflection basin measured with falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests. METHODS: Ground penetrating radar (GPR) tests were conducted to detect road cavities. Then FWD tests were conducted on 13 pavement test sections with and without a cavity. FWD deflections and a deflection ratio was used to evaluate the effect of geometry of the cavity and pavement for road cave-in potentials. RESULTS : FWD deflection of cavity sections measured at 60 cm or a closer offset distance to a loading center were 50% greater than more robust sections. The average deflection ratio of the cavity sections to robust sections were 1.78 for high risk level cavities, 1.51 for medium risk level cavities, and 1.16 for low risk level cavities. The relative remaining service life of pavement with a cavity evaluated with an surface curvature index (SCI) was 8.1% for the high level, 21.8% for the medium level, and 89.8% compared to pavement without a cavity. CONCLUSIONS : FWD tests can be applied to detect a subsurface cavity by comparing FWD deflections with and without a cavity measured at 60 cm or a closer offset distance to loading center. In addition, the relative remaining service life of cavity sections based on the SCI can used to evaluate road cave-in potentials.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2014

The negative impacts of roads on wildlife mortality have been well documented, and one of the most significant impact is wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) in most countries throughout the world. While road impacts on wildlife are a truly global concern with a large socio-economic cost, few researches in Korea have been quantified road-kill occurrence on highways or identified extensively seasonal and geographic patterns of this phenomenon. Therefore, we analyzed highway mortality of wild mammals in Korea using database from five years of nation-wide data on WVCs, and estimated road-kill density by standardizing on per km and per $10^3$ vehicle basis. During 2008 through 2012, a total of 10,940 wildlifes were reported killed on highways, with an average of 2,188 cases per year. There were 2,376 road-kills in 2012, and this equates to 0.01 road-kills per km per week or one road-kill every 88.5 km per week. For time of day, road-kills occurred more frequently in the early morning (05:00-08:00, 38.3%), and day of week did not have a significant influence in any individual year. The road-kill was highest in the spring (March- May, 33.0%) and least in the winter (December-February, 16.1%), and the most frequently killed native species were of Korean water deer (79.7%), raccoon dog (12.7%), Korean hare (3.1%), and leopard cat (1.2%). The overall standardized kill-rate (number/10 km/1,000 vehicles/month) in 2012 was 0.057 with highest on Dangjinyeongdeok highway (0.476), followed by Yeongdong (0.274), Sooncheonwanju (0.233), Iksanpohang (0.187), and Joongang (0.150). This study highlights that the frequency of WVCs are prevalent throughout the highways in Korea. Further work is needed to determine whether such a level of mortality is sustainable from an ecological point of view.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

PURPOSES : This study aims to evaluate the performance of interlocking block pavement system for low speed highway. METHODS : Through on-site monitoring, environmental impact assessment of interlocking block pavement such as heat island reduction, traffic safety, noise pollution were evaluated as compared with asphalt pavement. Also the pavement condition and roughness were evaluated according to performance period. RESULTS : Surface temperature of interlocking block pavement was about 7 degree lower than asphalt pavement in midsummer. Compared to asphalt pavement, vehicle speed reduction effect of interlocking block pavement was about 2kph. For low speed driving, the noise pollution was measured at a similar level for both asphalt and interlocking block pavement. After 42month service period, the breakage of block was only 0.24% for the whole surveyed area. IRI of interlock block pavement was estimated within the range of 5~8m/km. CONCLUSIONS : Depending on the performance monitoring results such as heat island reduction, providing traffic safety and keeping a good pavement condition for a long service period, it assures that interlocking block pavement was applicable for low speed road.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.487-496
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• 2003

본 연구에서 실시한 VOC의 각 배출원별 구성물질 성분비를 조사한 결과로부터 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 우리나라의 VOC 주요 배출원에서 배출되는 성분은 주로 toluene으로서 도로포장 배출물질과 자동차, 도장시설, 가솔린증기 구성성분이 각각 35, 18, 16, 5%로 높은 분율을 차지하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 2) 자동차와 주유소 그리고 가솔린 저장탱크 배출 물질의 경우 주로 $C_{5}$ 이하의 성분들이 배출되었는데, 이들 성분들은 주로 휘발유를 취급하는 곳에서 상당량 배출되고 있었다. 3) 도장시설에서는 m/p-xylene과 toluene, 1,2,4-TMB, o-xylene 둥이 각각 34, 16, 10, 9%로 배출되고 있어 주로 방향족 화합물들이 많이 배출되고 있었다. 4) 세탁시설에서는 주로 석유계 연료를 사용하고 있어 nonane이 41%, 1,2,4-TMB가 22%, 1,3,5-TMB가 13%로 배출되었으며, 도로포장시 아스팔트에서는 toluene과 benzene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene, ethyl benzene 등of 각각 35, 10, 4, ,3, 2%로 배출되고 있어 BTEX가 상당량 배출되고 있었다. 5) 본 연구의 경우 시료채취시 약 20초간의 짧은 시료채취이므로 정확한 자료를 얻기 위해서는 비교적 장시간을 채취하여 분석하여야 될 것으로 사료되며, 도로포장의 경우 시료채취지점으로 부터 약 100m 전방에 편도 2차선의 도로가 있어 자동차 배출물질이 다소 포함되었을 가능성이 있음을 밝혀둔다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.900-910
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• 2015

본 연구는 우리나라 주요 난과식물 중 하나인 심비디움의 배수체 육종을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 실시되었으며, 기내 심비디움의 PLBs에 colchicine과 oryzalin을 처리방법과 농도, 기간을 다양하게 하여 배수체 유도에 최적의 조건을 찾고자 수행하였다. Colchicine은 50, 100, 300, $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$농도로 1, 2, 3주간 처리하였고 oryzalin은 3, 5, 10, $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$농도로 1, 2, 3주 또는 3, 6, 9일간 처리하였는데 oryzalin에 비해 colchicine을 처리했을 때 생존율이 높게 나타났다. Flow cytometry를 이용하여 배수성을 검정해본 결과 Cymbidium Showgirl 'Silky'의 경우, colchicine은 $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$농도로 1주간 처리 시 6배체 획득효율이 60%, oryzalin은 $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$농도로 2주간 처리 시 6배체 획득효율이 46.7%로 가장 높게 나타났다. Cymbidium Mystery Island 'Silk Road'(Silk Road-4)의 경우, colchicine은 $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$농도로 1주간 처리 시 6배체 획득효율이 16.7%, oryzalin은 $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$농도로 3일간 처리시 6배체 획득효율이 6.7%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 즉, 두 hybrid 모두 oryzalin보다 colchicine을 처리했을 때 염색체 배가에 더 효율적이었다. 또한 처리 전 PLBs를 뾰족한 핀셋으로 10회 찌르는 방법을 통해 염색체 배가 효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2014

PURPOSES : This study drew factors affecting motorcycle accidents in Seoul by severity using an ordered probit model and aimed to analyze and verify the drawn influence factors. METHODS : As the severity of the accidents could be classified into three types (fatal injury, serious injury and minor injury), this study drew the factors affecting accidents by a comparative analysis employing an ordered probit model, removed the variables that would not secure significance sequentially to construct a model with high explanatory power regarding the factors affecting the severity of motorcycle accidents, and calculated the marginal effect of each factor to understand the degree of each factor's impact on the severity. First, Model 1 put in all variables; Model 2 was constructed by removing the variables of the road surface conditions that could not meet the level of significance (p=0.608); Model 3 was constructed by removing gender variable (p=0.423); and Model 4 was constructed finally by removing age variable (p=0.320). RESULTS : As a result of an analysis, statistically significant variables were time of occurrence, type of accident, road alignment and motorcycle displacement, and it turned out that the impacts on the severity were in the following order: a road alignment of left downhill, the type of motorcycle-to-vehicle accidents and a road alignment of a flatland on the left. The significance of the models was tested using the likelihood ratio, the level of significance and suitability statistics about them, and as a result of the test, the significance level and suitability of the constructed models were all excellent. In addition, the model accuracy indicating the accuracy of a predicted value compared to that of the value actually observed was 70.3% for minor injury; 70.1% for serious injury; and 68.6% for fatal injury, and the overall accuracy was 70.2%, which was very high. CONCLUSIONS : As a result of an analysis of motorcycle accidents in Seoul through the ordered probit model and the marginal effect, it turned out that their severity increased in nighttime accidents as compared to daytime ones and gradually increased in the order of motorcycle-to-vehicle accidents, motorcycle-to-person ones and the ones involving motorcycle only. As a result of an analysis, the severity of accidents in road alignments of left downhill, left flatland and straight downhill increased as compared to those in a road alignment of straight flatland and that the severity of accidents of motorcycles with a displacement larger than 50cc was higher than that of those with a displacement smaller than 50cc.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.471-479
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• 2010

Forest roads of 16,424km have been constructed as infrastructure for efficient management of forest. The demand of forest road have been also increased steadily with SOC conception for forest management and wood production. But, accuracy verification by completion drawing of forest road needed aspects extration of geographic information to sound like forest road construction and completion drawing. However, verification for completion drawing has not ascertained. This study carried out the evaluation for position accuracy about constructed forest road in Chungcheongnam-do for evaluating horizontal position accuracy of completion drawing of forest road. In result, first of distance of completion drawing and real route designed completion drawing longer than the real route as Gongju 83m, Seosan 66m, Nonsan 27m and Dangjin 19m, respectively. Second, RMSE by point-correspondence was 11m~14.7m, buffering analysis appeared difference of 18~24m. Finally, index of shape was the similar completion and real route through 6.5~7.4 and data information of forest road corresponds to be perfect. For such reasons, the existing completion drawings have a problem that it cannot use graphic information for drawing digital map according to the regulation, and there is an urgent need for improvement to solve this problem in the process of design and construction.

• 한국도로학회지:도로
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2014

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2014

PURPOSES : The objective was to develop the advanced method which could not explain each observation's specific characteristic in the present negative binomial method that results in under-estimation of the standard error(t-value inflation) and affects the confidence of whole derived results. METHODS : This study dealt with traffic accidents occurring within interchange segment on highway main line with RPNB(Random Parameter Negative Binomial) method that enables to take account of heterogeneity. RESULTS : As a result, AADT and lighting installation type on the road were revealed to have random parameter and in terms of other geometric variables, all were derived as fixed parameter(same effect on every segment). Also, marginal effects were adapted to analyze the relative effects on traffic accidents. CONCLUSIONS : This study proves that RPNB method which considers each observation's specific characteristics is better fitted to the accident data with geometrics. Thus, it is recommended that RPNB model or other methods which could consider the heterogeneity needs to be adapted in accident analysis.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.7176-7181
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• 2015

본 논문은 방초, 방림, 로드킬 등이 적용된 고기능 가드레일 지주에 태양광 모듈을 부착하여 자체 전력을 생산하고 USN을 이용하여 야생동물의 출현과 자동차 도로의 상황을 통합 관제 및 상시 감시할 수 있는 시스템에 관한 것이다. 전체 시스템은 태양광 발전 모듈, 감지 센서부(초전형), 제어부(동작 선택부 및 동작 센서부), USN시스템, DB(응향 및 섬광), 음향 및 섬광 출력부, 로드킬 방지 및 자동차 안전유도 제어 시스템으로 구성된다. 따라서, 도로환경의 개선과 로드킬을 방지하여 동물들을 보호할 수 있고 자동차를 안전하게 유도하며 신재생에너지와 IT융합 기술이 접목된 USN을 이용한 다목적 가드레일의 원격제어 및 모니터링 시스템에 관한 연구이다. USN을 이용한 원격제어 및 모니터링 시스템의 실험결과 무인 감지 시스템의 동작시간은 5.1 ms 이내, 소비전류는 0.328 mA이며 원격제어 시스템의 데이터 전송 속도는 250 kbps, 소비전류는 0.283 mA로 구현됨을 확인할 수 있었다.