• 생약학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2023

Athyrium acutipinnulum, called as Ulleungdo ladyfern (Seom-go-sa-ri), is a native plant of South Korea. A. acutipinnulum has been consumed as foods and also traditionally used for the treatment of epilepsy, gonorrhea and nerve disorder. The methanolic extract and EtOAc soluble fraction of A. acutipinnulum showed the antioxidant activity. Fractionation using various chromatographic techniques resulted in the isolation of 13 compounds. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods as seven phenolic compounds, methyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (1), protocatechualdehyde (2), caffeic acid (3), trans-p-coumaric acid (4), (-)-4-E-caffeoyl-L-threonic acid (5), 5-O-caffeoyl shikimic acid (6) and 5-O-caffeoyl quinic acid (7), three flavonoids, quercetin 3-O-β-glucoside (8), naringenin-7-O-β-glucoside (9) and sutchenoside A (10), two steroids, ponasterone A (11) and ecdysone (12) and a coumarin, esculetin (13). Among them, compounds 5 and 10 were first reported from Athyrium spp and compounds 2, 5, 6 and 7 showed the antioxidant activity.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2002

Synthesis of 7$\beta$-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxyimino)acetamido]-3-[[(3S, 5S)-5-[4-phenyl-5-(4-methylphenyl or 2-thiophenyl)-4H-l, 2, 4- triazol-3-yl]thiomethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]]thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids (7a, 7b) were described. (2S, 4S)-4-acethylthio-2-[4-phenyl-5-(4-methylphenyl or 2-thiophenyl)-4 H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl]thiomethyl-1-tert-butoxycarbonylpyrrolidines (4a, 4b) were prepared from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline with (2S, 4R)-absolute configuration as starting material. 4-Phenyl-5-(4-methylphenyl or 2-thiophenyl)-4 H-l, 2, 4-triazol-3-thiols (2a, 2b) were prepared from p-toluic anhydride and 2-thiophene carboxylic acid hydrazide, respectively. p-Methoxybenzyl 7$\beta$-(Z)-2-(2-for-mamidothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonylisopropylimino]acetamido-3-[[ (3S, 5S)-5-[4-phenyl-5-(4-methylphenyl or 2-thio phenyl)-4H-1, 2, 3-triazol-3-yl]thiomethyl-1- tert-butoxycarbonylpyrrolidin-3-yl]]thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylates (6a, 6b) were achieved by using p-methoxybenzyl ]7P-(Z)-2-(2-formamidothiazol-4-yl)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylisopropylimino] acetamido-3-chloromethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate (5) and (2S, 4S)-4-acethylthio-2-[4-phenyl-5-(4-methyl phenyl or 2-thiophenyl)-4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl]thiomethyl-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl pyrrolidines (4a, 4b). Removal of formyl, Boc, and p-methoxybenzyl protecting groups were carried out by triflu oroacetic acid and anisole to give the target compounds.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 1992

The molecular structure of a natural compound was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound was isolated by methanol extraction and repeated chromatography from the stem of Paulownia tomentosa. Yellow prismatic crystals of the compound, which were recrystallized from tetrahydrofuran, are triclinic, with a = 7.310 (6), b = 10.753(6), c = 11.586(5) ${\AA}.\;\alpha= 93.30(6),\;\beta=105.62(10),\;\gamma=109.49(7)^\circ,\;D_x=1.514,\;D_m=1.51 g/cm^3$, space group P1 and Z = 2. The structure was solved by direct method, and refined by least-squares procedure to the final R-value of 0.032 for 1271 independent reflections $(F\le3\sigma{(F))}$. The compound is one of new furanquinone analogue. The molecule has a nearly planar conformation with an intramolecular hydrogen bond. In the crystal, the planar molecules are arranged as a prallel sheet-like pattern, and these stackings are stabilized by the O-H...O type intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The other intermolecular contacts appear to be the normal van der Waals interactions.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2011

Eleven compounds were isolated from fresh leaves of Abies koreana (Pinaceae), and structures of these compounds were determined to be 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone (1), maltol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (2), (-)-epicatechin (3), naringenin 7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (4), naringenin-7-O-rhamnoglucoside (5), kaempferol 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (6), (+)-isolariciresinol (7), secoisolariciresinol (8), rhododendrol (9), ferulic acid (10) and 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one (rheosmin) (11) by comparing $^1H$-, $^{13}C$-NMR and MS spectroscopic data with reference values. Compounds 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 were isolated for the first time from A. koreana. Among eleven isolates, compounds 1, 7 and 11 showed inhibitory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 microglia in a concentration dependent manner.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.366-371
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• 2007

어육장의 휘발성 향기 성분들을 용매추출을 이용하여 분리, 농축하였으며, GC-MS로 분석하였다. 총 36가지의 휘발성 성분들이 검출되었으며, 11개의 aliphatic hydrocarbons, 4개의 acids, 2개의 ketones, 5개의 phenols, 7개의 alcohols, 1개의 pyrazine, 4개의 pyrones와 furanones, 2개의 miscellaneous components 등으로 구성되어 있었다. 특히, acids인 butanoic acid가 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 어육장의 향기활성 성분을 규명하기 위해 용매추출을 이용하여 휘발성 성분들을 분리 후 향추출물 희석분석법으로 flavor dilution(FD) $factor(Log_3$ FD)를 구하였다. 이 결과 어육장에서 총 20종의 향기활성 성분들이 확인되었다. 이 중 군덕내의 특성을 지닌 butanoic acid와 구운 감자향을 지닌 methional이 높은 FD factor를 보였으며, 이들 성분 외에 높은$(Log_3$ FD>7)를 나타내는 성분들로는 2-methyl-2-butanol(soysauce-like), 3-hydroxy-2-butanone(buttery), 2-furanmethanol(burnt sugar-like) 등이 있었다. 본 실험에서는 어육장을 시료로 하여 휘발성 향기성분 및 향기활성 성분들을 GC-MS 및 AEDA법에 의해 분석함으로 어육장 특유의 향미특성을 규명하였다. 이는 앞으로 고급화된 장류 제품으로서는 물론, 다양한 식품에서 조미소재로의 어육장의 활용도를 높이는데 기여할 것이다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1202-1206
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• 2004

A rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/ MS) method for the determination of lithospermic acid B (LSB) in rat serum was developed. LSB and internal standard, 7-hydroxy-3-phenyl-chromen-4-one (HPC) were extracted from rat serum with methyl-tert-butyl ether at acidic pH and analyzed on a Luna $C_8$ column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-ammonium formate (10 mM, pH 6.5) (50:50, v/v). The analytes were detected using a negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple- reaction-monitoring mode. The standard curve was linear $(r^2 = 0.997)$ over the concentration range of 10.0-500 ng/mL. The coefficient of variation and relative error for intra- and interassay at three QC levels were 1.1~6.2% and -10.3~-2.7%, respectively. The recovery of LSB from serum sample ranged from 73.2 to 79.5%, with that of HPC (internal standard) being 75.1 %. The lower limit of quantification for LSB was 10 ng/mL using 50 ${\mu}L$ of serum sample.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.345-351
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• 1997

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the inhibition of $Na^+,\;K^+$-ATPase, cyclicAMP phophodiesterase and platelet activation by secondary metabolites isolated from mar ine organisms. The secondary metabolites were isolated and identified as six diterpenoids(1 : astrogorgin, 2 : ophirin, 3 : calicophirin B, 4, 5 and 6 : cladiellin) from the dichloromethane extract of Muricellajsp., four ceramides(1,2,3, and 4) from Acabaria undulata and three antharaquinones(1,2 : crysophanol, and 3 : physcion) from Urechis unicintus. The results demonstrated that diterpenoids(2,3, and 4) showed the inhibition of cyclicAMP phosphodiesterase, and ceramides(1,3, and 4) showed the inhibition of cyclicAMP phosphodiesterase and thrombin(0.1 units/ml)-induced aggregation of washed rabbit platelet, and anthrapuinones((1,2, and 3) showed the inhibition of $Na^+,\;K^+$-ATPase. Among the anthraquionones, 1,2-dimethoxy-3-methyl-8-hydroxy-anthraquinone(1) showed the inhibition of collagen(1.0 ${\mu}g$/ml)-induced aggregation in a concenration-dependent manner with IC50 value of 42.8 ${\mu}g$M.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2015

Diospyros burmanica Kurz. is an evergreen deciduous tree distributed in Mandalay of Myanmar, which belongs to the family of Ebenaceae. In Myanmar, it has been used to treat diarrhea, diabetes, diabetes and also as lumbers. In this study, seven flavonoids (1 - 7), a phenolic compound (8), and five triterpenes (9 - 13) were isolated from the barks of D. burmanica and their chemical structures were elucidated. Isolates were identified to be (+)-catechin (1), (+)-catechin 3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), (+)-catechin 3-O-gallate (3), (-)-epicatechin (4), (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate (5), (+)-afzelechin 3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranoside (6), (+)-2,3-trans-dihydrokaempferol 3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranoside (7), methyl gallate (8), lupeol (9), methyl lup-20(29)-en-3-on-28-oate (10), $\beta$-amyrin (11), $\alpha$-amyrin (12), $3\beta$-hydroxy-D:B-friedo-olean-5-ene (13) through MS, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic evidences.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2009

The striatum receives glutamatergic afferents from the cortex and thalamus, and these synaptic transmissions are mediated by ${\alpha}$-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) and N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. The purpose of this study was to characterize glutamate receptors by analyzing NMDA/AMPA ratio and rectification of AMPA and NMDA excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) using a whole-cell voltage-clamp method in the dorsal striatum. Receptor antagonists were used to isolate receptor or subunit specific EPSC, such as (DL)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), an NMDA receptor antagonist, ifenprodil, an NR2B antagonist, CNQX, an AMPA receptor antagonist and IEM-1460, a GluR2-lacking AMPA receptor blocker. AMPA and NMDA EPSCs were recorded at - 70 and + 40 mV, respectively. Rectification index was calculated by current ratio of EPSCs between + 50 and - 50 mV. NMDA/AMPA ratio was 0.20${\pm}$0.05, AMPA receptor ratio of GluR2-lacking/GluR2-containing subunit was 0.26${\pm}$0.05 and NMDA receptor ratio of NR2B/NR2A subunit was 0.32${\pm}$0.03. The rectification index (control 2.39${\pm}$0.27) was decreased in the presence of both APV and combination of APV and IEM-1460 (1.02${\pm}$0.11 and 0.93${\pm}$0.09, respectively). These results suggest that the major components of the striatal glutamate receptors are GluR2-containing AMPA receptors and NR2A-containing NMDA receptors. Our results may provide useful information for corticostriatal synaptic transmission and plasticity studies.

• BMB Reports
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.493-499
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• 1996

The biochemical properties of purified D-hydruxyisovalerate dehydrogenase from Fusarium sambucinum was elucidated. D-Hydroxyisovalerate dehydrogenase produced solely D-hydroxyisovalerate from 2-ketoisovalerate. The isoelectric point of the purified enzyme was 7.0. The enzyme was highly specific with 2-ketoisovalerate ($K_{m}=0.188$ mM, $V_{max}=8.814$ mmol/min mg) and 2-keto-3-methyl-n-valerate ($K_{m}=0.4$ mM, $V_{max}=1.851$ mmol/min mg) for the reductive reaction. This was also seen by comparing D-hydroxyisovalerate ($K_{m}=1.667$ mM, $V_{max}=0.407$ mmol/min mg) and D-hydroxy-3-methyl-n-valerate ($K_{m}=6.7$ mM, $V_{max}=0.648$ mmol/min mg) for the oxidative reaction. Thiol blocking reagents, such as iodoacetamide, N-ethylmaleimide and p-chloromecuribenzoate inhibited about 80% of enzyme activity at 0.02 mM, 50 mM and 50 mM, respectively. The enzyme activity was also inhibited by the addition of 0.1 mM of various metal ions, such as $Fe^{2+}$ (67%), $Cu^{2+}$ (88%), $Zn^{2+}$ t (76%) and $Mg^{2+}$ (9%). The enzyme was stable over three months in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 5~7) at $-80^{\circ}C$. However the purified enzyme lost 30% of its activity in the same buffer after 24 h at $4^{\circ}C$. The studies about thermal inactivation of D-hydroxyisovalerate dehydrogenase exhibit 209.2 kJ/M of activation enthalpy and 0.35 kJ/mol K of activation entropy.