• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2018년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.5-7
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• 2018

VLSI(Very large scale integration) 기술을 통한 트랜지스터의 소형화를 통해 CMOS 집적 회로의 성능은 지속적으로 발전해 왔다. 이와 같은 기술 발전에 따라 집적 회로를 구성하는 디지털 논리 요소 또한 진화를 하고 있다. 디코더는 부호화된 정보를 다시 부호화되기 전으로 되돌아가는 처리를 하는 디지털 논리 요소이며 컴퓨터 설계에서 많이 사용되는 핵심 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 양자점 셀룰라 오토마타(Quantum Cellular-Automata, QCA)를 사용하여 인에이블 입력을 가진 2-to-4 디코더를 제안하였다. 4-입력 유니버설 게이트의 하나의 입력을 1로 고정시켜 3-입력 NOR 게이트로 사용하며, 입력 값 X와 입력 값 Y의 중복된 배선 수를 감소시키고 한 배선으로 두 게이트에 입력을 연결하여 디코더의 배선 수와 배선 교차부를 최소화한다. 제안안하는 4-to-2 인에이블 디코더는 기존 디코더보다 셀의 개수와 클럭수를 감소시켜 디코더의 성능을 더 효율적으로 향상시켰다. 이를 통해 고속 회로 설계에 활용 및 높은 성능을 기대 할 수 있으며 QCA 연구에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 전망 한다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.377-384
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• 2004

Annual variations of inorganic nutrients such as nitrate(+nitrite), phosphate and silicate in association with thermocline were investigated in the upper 200 m of the water column at KODES Long-term Monitoring (KOMO) station in the northeast equatorial Pacific from 1995 to 2002. Global climatic disturbances such as El Nino and La Nina, should have affected KODES area during the study period. In 1995-97 and 2000-2002, a thermocline where temperatures rapidly decrease with depth, was formed at 50-70 m water depth. Nutrient depletion, specially for nitrate and phosphate, was extended down to approximately 50 m depth, which coincided with the surface mixed layer depth. In 1998 and 1999, however a very fluctuating thermocline was observed at 20-100 m water depth. In the photic zone (up to 100 m depth), depth integration of nitrate, phosphate and silicate ranged from 2.02 to $23.14\;gN/m^2$, from 0.87 to $4.05\;gP/m^2$ and from 35.67 to $176.21\;gSi/m^2$, respectively. As a result of changes in the water column structures, nutrient concentrations also showed fluctuation parallel to the changes of thermocline in the study area.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.74-79
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• 1982

Recently in Korea, integration of F.P. & MCH programs for effective and efficient implementation of the health programs has been discussed actively. In fact, categorical health workers in fields have been trained and changed as an integrated health workers by government. But one of the most important problems that had to be solved for successful integration of F.P. and MCH programs, is that there must be a common indicator for the evaluation of the two health services (integrated indicator). We regarded reproductive efficiency (=R.E.) that had been proposed by Charlotter M$\ddot{u}$ller et al, as the good integrated indicator. The object of this brief article is to introduce the meaning of reproductive efficiency and to illustrate the usefulnesses of R.E. as the integrated health indicator by applying this indicator to the data from preliminary survey of Seosan demonstration project for integration of F.P. & MCH service supported by WHO. The results and conclusions are as follows 1) Definition of R.E. is the percentage of pregnancies that succeed in production normal, surving children after taking into account the frequency of all measurable types of adverse outcomes (End point for evaluation of survival is one year of age). 2) On the basis of the past pregnant history, reproductive efficiency of the 2,484 eligible women (15-44 years) was roughly 75% (But, in the concept of good births, it is not regarded whether the survived infant is normal health or not). 3) Compared with the results of the other two surveys of the rural area in Korea, reproductive efficiency has been slightly decreased than before, in spite of family planning and MCH services for past 20 years. Because the quantity of increased abortion rate overwhelmed that of the decreased infant mortality rate. 4) Reproductive efficiency has the object for measure many events during the period from the conception (Wanted pregnancy) to an normal surviving children as an 1 year of age. So these heterogenous adversities, ie, induced abortion, still births, spontaneous abortion, neonate & infant death, are aggregated as R.E. However, if the information of these important events and reproductive efficiency were given, R.E. is used as the comprehensive evaluation indicator for F.P. and M.C.H. after meticulous analysis the various components of R.E. 5) Economic loss for adverse outcomes of preg were pregnancy were calculated applying the medical cost at the relatively small sized hospital of small city. Economic loss for 100 cases of adverse outcome is 10,420,000 won, and economic loss for infant death is 46.1% of the total loss. So, it is rational to invest much more effort and than before to MCH programs.

• ALGAE
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.321-331
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• 2014

Vertebrata lanosa is an abundant and obligate red algal epiphyte of Ascophyllum nodosum that forms part of a complex and highly integrated symbiotic system that includes the ascomycete, Mycophycias ascophylli. As part of ongoing studies to resolve interactions among species in the symbiosis, we used pulse amplitude modulation fluorimetry of chlorophyll a fluorescence, from photosystem II (PSII), to measure the maximum quantum yield ($F_v/F_m$) of PSII [$QY(II)_{max}$] and relative photosynthetic electron transport rates (rETR), as a function of light intensity, in order to evaluate the photosynthetic capacity of the two algal symbionts in the field and in the laboratory under different treatments. Our primary question was 'Is the ecological integration of these species reflected in a corresponding physiological integration involving photosynthetic process?' In the laboratory we measured changes in $QY(II)_{max}$ in thalli of V. lanosa and A. nodosum over one week periods when maintained together in either attached or detached treatments or when maintained separated from each other. While the $QY(II)_{max}$ of PSII of A. nodosum remained high and showed no significant variation among treatments, V. lanosa showed decreasing performance in the following conditions: V. lanosa attached to A. nodosum, V. lanosa in the same culture, but not attached to A. nodosum, and V. lanosa alone. These results are consistent with observations in which rETR was reduced in V. lanosa maintained alone versus attached to A. nodosum. Values for $QY(II)_{max}$ in V. lanosa measured in the field in fully submerged thalli were similar to those measured in the laboratory when V. lanosa was attached to it obligate host A. nodosum. Our results provide evidence of a physiological association of the epiphyte and its host that reflects the known ecology.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.674-680
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• 2013

Yeast Dekkera/Brettanomyces bruxellensis is probably the most common contaminant in wineries and ethanol production processes. The considerable economic losses caused by this yeast, but also its ability to produce and tolerate high ethanol concentrations, make it an attractive subject for research with potential for industrial applications. Unfortunately, efforts to understand the biology of D. bruxellensis and facilitate its broader use in industry are hampered by the lack of adequate procedures for delivery of exogenous DNA into this organism. Here we describe the development of transformation protocols (spheroplast transformation, LiAc/PEG method, and electroporation) and report the first genetic transformation of yeast D. bruxellensis. A linear heterologous DNA fragment carrying the kanMX4 sequence was used for transformation, which allowed transformants to be selected on plates containing geneticin. We found the spheroplast transformation method using 1M sorbitol as osmotic stabilizer to be inappropriate because sorbitol strikingly decreases the plating efficiency of both D. bruxellensis spheroplast and intact cells. However, we managed to modify the LiAc/PEG transformation method and electroporation to accommodate D. bruxellensis transformation, achieving efficiencies of 0.6-16 and 10-20 transformants/${\mu}g$ DNA, respectively. The stability of the transformants ranged from 93.6% to 100%. All putative transformants were analyzed by Southern blot using the kanMX4 sequence as a hybridization probe, which confirmed that the transforming DNA fragment had integrated into the genome. The results of the molecular analysis were consistent with the expected illegitimate integration of a heterologous transforming fragment.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.434-442
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• 2023

The relationship between acute kidney injury (AKI) prediction and nephrotoxic drugs, or drugs that adversely affect kidney function, is one that has yet to be explored in the critical care setting. One contributing factor to this gap in research is the limited investigation of drug modalities in the intensive care unit (ICU) context, due to the challenges of processing prescription data into the corresponding drug representations and a lack in the comprehensive understanding of these drug representations. This study addresses this gap by proposing a novel approach that leverages patient prescription data as a modality to improve existing models for AKI prediction. We base our research on Electronic Health Record (EHR) data, extracting the relevant patient prescription information and converting it into the selected drug representation for our research, the extended-connectivity fingerprint (ECFP). Furthermore, we adopt a unique multimodal approach, developing machine learning models and 1D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) applied to clinical drug representations, establishing a procedure which has not been used by any previous studies predicting AKI. The findings showcase a notable improvement in AKI prediction through the integration of drug embeddings and other patient cohort features. By using drug features represented as ECFP molecular fingerprints along with common cohort features such as demographics and lab test values, we achieved a considerable improvement in model performance for the AKI prediction task over the baseline model which does not include the drug representations as features, indicating that our distinct approach enhances existing baseline techniques and highlights the relevance of drug data in predicting AKI in the ICU setting.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2010

Agarose의 $\beta$-1,4결함을 분해하는 Zobellia galactanivorans 유래의 $\beta$-agarase 유전자(agaB)는 클로닝 되었고, AOX1(alcohol oxidase 1, methanol inducible) promoter 하류에 Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating factor alpha-1 secretion signal($MF{\alpha}1$)를 연결하여 $MF{\alpha}1$-AgaB를 구축하였다. 구축된 plasmid pPIC-AgaB(9 kb)를 Pichia pastoris genome에 HIS4 gene 위치에 integration하였고, colony PCR을 통해 확인하였다. Methanol 첨가 배지에서 자란 형질전환체는 iodine solution의 첨가에 의해 red halos를 보였으며, P.pastoris에서 agaB의 효율적 분비 발현을 확인하였다. SDS-PAGE와 zymographic analysis에서 $\beta$-agarase의 분자량은 약 53 kDa으로 추정되었으며, 15% 정도의 N-linked glycosylation이 일어났음을 알 수 있었다. P.pastoris GS115/pPIC-AgaB의 48시간 baffled flask culture에서 세포외 $\beta$-agarase의 활성은 각각 0.1, 0.5, 1% methanol의 유도에 의해 1.34, 1.42 그리고 1.53 units/mL의 활성을 보였다. 대부분의 $\beta$-agarase의 활성은 세포 외에서 관찰되었고, 분비효율은 98%였으며 분비시의 glycosylation에 의해 열안정성도 증가되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2013

마커프리 형질전환 식물체 개발 방법의 하나인 무선발 형질전환은 선발마커 유전자를 이용한 도입유전자의 선발과정 없이, 연쇄중합반응(PCR)과 같은 직접 분석방법을 사용해 도입유전자가 도입된 형질전환 식물체를 개발하는 방법이다. 현재까지 감자, 담배, 알팔파, 밀, 땅콩 등 여러 작물에서 무선발 형질전환을 이용한 마커프리 형질전환체가 보고되었다. 그러나 대부분 무선발 형질전환체의 분석이 $T_0/T_1$세대에서의 PCR을 이용한 도입유전자 확인과 후대검정으로 수행되어, 유전자의 안정적 도입 확인을 위한 분자생물학적 특성평가 결과는 보고된 바 없다. 본 연구에서는 4계통의 무선발 형질전환 Bt벼에 대한 도입유전자 특성을 분자생물학적 방법으로 검정하여 유전자도입 위치, 도입유전자의 구조, 벡터 삽입여부 등의 분석 결과를 제시하였다.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2005

Recently, several attempts have been made to provide reasonable information on unusual severe weather phenomena such as tolerant heavy rains and very wild typhoons. Quantitative precipitation forecasts and probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs and PQPFs, respectively) might be one of the most promising methodologies for early warning on the flesh floods because those diagnostic precipitation models require less computational resources than fine-mesh full-dynamics non-hydrostatic mesoscale model. The diagnostic rainfall model used in this study is the named QPM(Quantitative Precipitation Model), which calculates the rainfall by considering the effect of small-scale topography which is not treated in the mesoscale model. We examine the capability of probabilistic diagnostic rainfall model in terms of how well represented the observed several rainfall events and what is the most optimistic resolution of the mesoscale model in which diagnostic rainfall model is nested. Also, we examine the integration time to provide reasonable fine-mesh rainfall information. When we apply this QPM directly to 27 km mesh meso-scale model (called as M27-Q3), it takes about 15 min. while it takes about 87 min. to get the same resolution precipitation information with full dynamic downscaling method (called M27-9-3). The quality of precipitation forecast by M27-Q3 is quite comparable with the results of M27-9-3 with reasonable threshold value for precipitation. Based on a series of examination we may conclude that the proosed QPM has a capability to provide fine-mesh rainfall information in terms of time and accuracy compared to full dynamical fine-mesh meso-scale model.

• 전자공학회논문지D
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• 제36D권7호
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• pp.50-55
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• 1999

Separate confinement heterostructure(SCH) 구조를 갖는 InGaAs/InGaAsP 다중양자우물구조의 상호섞임을 이용하여 광도파로를 제작하였다. 광도파로는 $CH_4/H_2$ 혼합가스를 이용한 반응성 이온 식각 방식으로 제작하였으며, 제작된 광도파로는 폭이 $5{\mu}m$이고, 식각 깊이가 $1.2{\mu}m$이다. 광도파로의 전송손실은 tunable laser를 이용한 Fabry-Perot 간섭현상을 이용하여 측정하였다. $800^{\circ}C$, 30s 열처리한 후 제작된 광도파로는 1550,nm TE 모드에서 3.76dB/cm, TM 모드에서 3.95dB/cm의 전송손실을 보였다. 이 전송 손실은 지금까지 ,IFVD를 이용해 제작한 광도파로와 비교해서 매우 작은 값이다. 따라서, 이 방법은 광도파로등의 수동소자와 전자소자의 집적에 응용될 수 있다.