• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1065-1070
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was investigated the effects of YK-209 mulberry leaves on antioxidative defense system of liver in diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ). Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100$\pm$10 g were randomly assigned to one normal and four STZ-induced diabetic groups; YK-209 mulberry leaves free diet (DM group),0.1% YK-209 mulberry leaves diet (DM-0.1Y group),0.2% YK-209 mulberry leaves diet (DM-0.2Y group) and 0.4% YK-209 mulberry leaves diet (DM-0.4Y group). Diabetes was induced by intravenous Injection of 55 mg/kg body weight of STZ in sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.3) via tail vein after 4 weeks feeding of experimental diets. Rats were sacrificed at the 9th day of diabetic states. Liver weight in all four diabetic groups were higher than normal group, but YK-209 mulberry supplementation groups were lower than DM group. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly decreased in all diabetic groups, compared with normal group. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activity was 7.3% decreased in DM group, compared with normal group, but those of DM-0.1Y and DM-0.2Y groups were maintained the normal level. The hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was markedly increased by 144% in DM group, compared with normal group, but those of DM-0. 1Y, DM-0.2Y groups were maintained the normal level. The contents of lipofuscin in liver were increased by 100% in DM group compared with normal group, but those of DM-0. 1Y, DM-0.2Y and DM-0.4Y groups were decreased to 42% 43% and 44%, respectively, compared with DM group. The hepatic superoxide radical (0$^2$-) contents in DM group were increased to 81%, compared with normal group, but those of DM-0.1Y and DM-0.4Y groups were similar to those of normal group. The present result indicate that YK-209 mulberry leaves regarded to suppress lipid peroxidation as an free radical scavenger system by the inhibition of oxidative stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.710-716
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary oligosaccharide on the blood glucose and serum lipid composition in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 150$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal and four STZ-induced diabetic groups. Diabetic groups were classified to basal diet(DM group) 10% xylooligosaccharide diet(DM-XO group) 10% isomaltooligosaccharide(DM-IMO group) and 10% fructooligosaccharide (DM-FO). Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg of body weight of STZ in citrate buffer (pH 4.3) after feeding of experimental diets for 4 weeks. The rats were fed with experimental diet for further 4 weeks in diabetic state. The oligosaccharide diets were not effected on the body weight food intakes and food efficiency ratio. The oligosaccharide diets were also not effected on the body weight food intakes and food efficiency ratio. The oligosaccharide diets were also not effected on the weights of liver kidney and small intestine but the weight of cecum was significantly increased on the groups of xylooligosaccharide and isomaltooligosaccharide diet. The levels of oral glucose tolerance test was more effectively improved by DM-XO group. The levels of blood glucose were markedly lower in oligosaccharide supplemented groups than that of DM group. The levels of blood glucose were markedly lower in oligosaccharide supplemented groups than that of DM group. Activities of two intestinal enzymes such as lactase and sucrase in DM-XO and DM-FO groups were lower than that of DM group while activity of maltase was lower only in DM-XO in DM-FO groups than that of DM-group respectively. The levels of serum triglyceride in DM-XO group were lower than that of DM-group respectively. The levels of serum triglyceride in DM-XO groups were lower than that of DM group however was no significant differences among the oligosaccharide groups. These results suggest that dietary oligosaccharide may act as functional food to be capable of improving carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1108-1118
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise of different intensity on anti-diabetic and lipid profile improvement in type 2 diabetic mice. C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups (n=8, in each group): normal group (Normal), type 2 diabetes (DM), type 2 diabetes+VO₂max 50% aerobic exercise group (DM50A), type 2 diabetes+VO₂max 75% aerobic exercise group (DM75A), type 2 diabetes+1RM 50% resistance exercise group (DM50R), and type 2 diabetes+1RM 75% resistance group (DM75R). DM50A and DM75A were subjected to treadmill exercise 40 min/day, 5 days/week, during 8 weeks (DM50A, at the speed of 8 m/min for 1-4 weeks and 8~10 m/min for 5-8 weeks; DM75A, 12 m/min for 1-4 weeks and 12~14 m/min for 5-8weeks). DM50R (1RM50%) and DM75R (1RM75%) were subjected to ladder-climbing exercise with weights secured to their tails, 8 set/day, 5 days/week, during 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of exercise, fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR was significantly lower in DM group than in DM group. HbA1c showed significantly lower DM50R and DM75R groups than DM group. HDL-C showed the highest level in DM75A group and triglyceride was lowest in DM75R group. The cardiovascular risk index was lowest in the Normal and DM75A groups. Therefore, moderate intensity exercise in T2DM mice showed better improvement in blood glucose and insulin resistance control, and moderate intensity aerobic exercise was effective in reducing the cardiovascular risk index by increasing HDL-C levels.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.67-75
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• 2009

Purpose: As to the analytical method of data, the various programs in which it is used for the quantitative rating of the Tl-201 myocardial perfusion SPECT are reported that there is a difference. Therefore, the measured value error of the mutual program is expected to be generated even if the quantitative analysis is made against data of the same patient. Using quantitative index that able to represent myocardial perfusion defect level, we aimed to determine correlation among three myocardial perfusion analysis programs 4DM (4DMSPECT), QPS (Quantitative Perfusion SPECT), ECT (Emory Cardiac Toolbox) that be used generally in most departments of Nuclear Medicine. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the 145 patients who were examined by Tl-201 gated myocardial perfusion SPECT in department of nuclear medicine at Asan Mediacal Center from December 1th 2008 to February 14th 2008. We sorted as normal group and abnormal group. Normal group consist of 80 patients (Male/Female=38/42, age:$65.1{\pm}9.9$) who have low possibility of cardiovascular disease. And abnormal group consist of 65 patients (Male/Female=45/20, age:$63.0{\pm}8.7$) who were diagnosed cardiovascular disease with reversible perfusion defect or fixed perfusion defect through myocardial perfusion SPECT results. Using the 4DM, QPS, and ECT programs, the total defect extent (TDE) such as LAD, LCX, RCA and the summed stress score (SSS) have been analysed for their correlations and statistical comparison with the paried t-test for the quantitative indices analysed from each group. Results: The correlation of 4DM:QPS, QPS:ECT, ECT:4DM each group result from 145 patients is 0.84, 0.86, 0.82 at SSS, 0.87, 0.84, 0.87 at TDE, and both index showed good correlation. In paired t-test and Bland-Altman analysis results showed no statistically significant difference in the comparison of QPS:ECT at the mean SSS and TDE, 4DM:QPS, ECT:4DM comparative analysis results showed statistically significant difference at SSS and TDE index. The correlation of 4DM:QPS, QPS:ECT, ECT:4DM program results from abnormal group (65 patients) is 0.72, 0.72, 0.70 at SSS and 0.77, 0.70, 0.77 at TDE and TDE and SSS has a good correlation. In abnormal group, paired t-test and Bland-Altman analysis results showed no statistically significant difference at QPS:ECT SSS (p=0.89) and TDE (p=0.23) comparison, 4DM:QPS, ECT:4DM comparative analysis results showed statistically significant difference at SSS and TDE index (p<0.01). In normal group (80 patients), paired t-test and Bland-Altman analysis results showed no statistically significant difference at QPS:ECT SSS (p=0.95) and TDE (p=0.73) comparison. And 4DM:QPS, ECT:4DM comparative analysis results showed statistically significant difference at SSS and TDE index (p<0.01). Conclusions: The perfusion defect of the Tl-201 myocardial perfusion SPECT was analyzed in not only the patient in whom it has the cardiovascular disease but also the patient in whom the possibility of the cardiovascular disease is few. In the comparison of the all group research, the mean of the TDE and SSS, 4DM was lower than QPS and ECT progrms. Each program showed good correlation and the results showed statistically significant difference. However, in this way, it is determined to be compatible about the analysis value in which the large-scale side between the programs uses each program a difference in a clinical in the Bland-Altman analyzed result in spite of the good correlation and cannot use. but, this analyzed result will be able to be usefully used as the reference material for the clinical read and is expected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.969-975
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin E on microsomal mixed function oxidase system of liver and lung in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 140 $\pm$ 10mg were randomly assigned to one control and three STZ-diabetic groups. Diabetic groups were divided into DM-0E(vitamin E free diet), DM-40E(40mg vitamin E kg/diet) and DM-400E(400mg vitamin E kg/diet) according to the level of vitamin E supplementation. Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous administration of 55mg/kg b.w of STZ in citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after 4 week feeding of three experimental diets. Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day of diabetic state. The contents of cytochrome P$_{450}$ in DM-0E, DM-40E and DM-400E groups of liver were increased by 162%, 150% and 56%, respectively, compared with that of control. Also the contents of cytochrome P$_{450}$ in lung were similar to liver. The activities of cytochrome bs in DM-0E and DM-40E groups of the liver were increased by 70% and 53%, respectively, compared with that of control, but not in DM-400E group. The activities of bs in DM-0E, DM-40E and DM-400E groups of lung were signficantly increased. Activity of cytochrome P$_{450}$ reductase in DM-0E, DM-40E of liver and lung were higher than that of control group, but the activity of DM-400E group was not different from that of control. The lipid peroxide values of DM-0E, DM-40E and DM-400E groups were 143%, 95% and 31% higher than those of control. It was concluded that dietary vitamin E had protective effects on lipid peroxidation accompanied with increased mixed function of oxidase activity in diabetic rats.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.228-239
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of the experiment was to study yeast supplementation (yeast, Y) and dried kratom leaves (DKTL) on the digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites and nitrogen balance in goats. Methods: Four of 7 to 8 months old male crossbred (50% Thai Native-Anglo Nubian) goats with average liveweight 20±0.13 kg were randomly assigned according to a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a 4×4 Latin square design to receive four diets ad libitum basis. The study investigated the effects of two levels of yeast (Y) supplementation (Y, 0 and 0.5g/kg dry matter [DM]) along with two levels of DKTL supplementation (DKTL, 0 and 4.44g/kg DM). The experimental groups were as follows: T1 = control group with 0Y+0DKTL, T2 = 0Y+4.44 DKTL, T3 = 0.5Y+0DKTL, and T4 = 0.5Y+4.44 DKTL. Results: The results showed that there were no interactions between Y levels and DKTL levels with respect to total DM intake, but there were significant effects (p<0.05) by levels of Y; goats receiving 0.05 g/kg DM Y had higher than goats fed 0.0 g/kg DM on average (kg/d). A percentage of body weight (% BW) and grams per kilogram of metallic weight (g/kg w^0.75) had no influence on yeast levels and DKTL, but there was a difference (p<0.05) by yeast level Y at 0.5 g/kg DM, being higher compared to the non-supplemented group. Apparent digestibility coefficient of nutrition in the form of (DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) was an increased trend in the Y-level complementary group at 0.5 g/kg DM and DKTL at 4.44 g/kg DM, respectively. Protozoa populations decreased in the group receiving Y levels at 0.5 g/kg DM and DKTL levels at 4.44 g/kg DM when compared to group T1. The acetic acid concentration and methane gas generation decreased (p<0.05) in the group receiving Y levels of 0.5 g/kg DM and DKTL levels of 4.44 g/kg DM, while the amount of propionic acid increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: Effects of feeding combinations of Y and DKTL supplementation on feed showed no interaction effect (Y×DKTL) on feed intake, rumen fermentation, bacterial and fungi population. The effect on protozoal populations was lower in the group that was supplemented with DKTL at 4.44 g/kg DM related to synthetic CH₄ was reduced.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.625-631
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on the oxidative damage and glomerular filteration rates(GFR) of kidney in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weihing 100$\pm$10gm were randomly assigned to one normal and three STZ-induced diabetic groups which were subdivided into vitamin E free diet(DM-0E group)40mg vitamin E per kg diet(DM-40E group) and 400mg vitamin E per kg diet (DM-400E group), Vitamin E level of normal group was 40mg per kg diet. diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous injection of 55mg/kg of body weight of STZ in citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after 4 weeks feeding of experimental diets. Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day of diabetic states. Activities of xanthine oxidase(XOD) in DM-0E DM-40 and DM-400E groups were significantly increased by 133%, 110%, and 74% respectively compared to normal group. The contents of microsomal superoxide radical(O2) in kidney were 106% and 119% higher of DM-0E and DM-40E groups than normal group respectively but that of DM-400E group was similar to normal group. The level of urnary microalbumin in DM-0E group was increased as 5 times much as normal group at the 6th day. Those of DM-40E and DM-400E groups were decreased to 16% and 36% respectively compared to DM-0E group. The content of urinary $\beta$2-microglobulin in DM-0E DM-40E and DM-400E group were increased by 268%, 181% and 163% respectively compared to normal group. GFR in DM-0E and DM-40E were significantly increased but was nor significantly different from DM-400E groups compared to normal group. In conclusion the supplementation of dietary vitamin E reduced peroxidative damage of renal glomerular and renal dysfunction in diabetic rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.502-509
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• 2008

Anemia is common in Diabetes Mellitus(DM) with chronic kidney disease. Recent research suggests that DM itself also may be a risk factor of anemia even though kidney failure causes anemia. However, it has not been reported that the impact of DM on anemia in representative data of Korean population. A total of 5,417 Korean adults aged 20 years and older(2,328 men, 3,089 women) were selected from the participants of the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES) for this study. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin(Hb) < 13 g/dL and hematocrit(Hct) < 39% for men or Hb < 12 g/dL and Hct < 36% for women. DM was defined as a fasting blood glucose $\geq$ 126 mg/dL. Korean adults with anemia had a higher prevalence of DM than in normal adults(11.4 vs 7.5%; p<0.0001). The unadjusted odds ratio(OR) for anemia was greater in Korean men with DM than in normal men(OR=4.25; 95% CI: 2.48-7.29). This results did not differ after adjustment for the putative risk factors for anemia including chronic disease(OR=2.64; 95% CI: 1.45-4.83). However, the presence of DM was not related with anemia in Korean women. In conclusion, this study revealed that DM might be an independent risk factor for anemia in Korean men. Identification and management for anemia are needed in Korean population with DM as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.26
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• pp.211-220
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between the interest of apparel ad-vertising direct mail(DM) and the consumers' characteristics ; like their marital state, age, educational level, expenses on clothing purchase, and rigidity. Samples were 243 women(24∼35 years of age) in the Seoul, Korea. The data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, and discriminant analysis. The results of the study were the followings. 1. The department store sent out the most ap-parel advertising DM and the most common dis-tribution method was carrying the DM with the newspapers, 2/3 consumers paid attention to the contents of the apparel advertising DM with 'some interests'. 2. Jackets and pants were the most purchased items after seeing the apparel advertising DM. 3. The interest in the contents of the apparel advertising DM varied according to the consumers' marital state ad the expenses on cloth-ing purchase. 4. Rigidity, age, educational level, and the clothing purchase expenses contributed to discriminant the interesting or uninteresting group in DM. The accuracy rate of the predicting the groups by the 4 variables was 60.91%.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2000

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary green tea catechin and vitamin E on the phospholipse {TEX}$A_{2}${/TEX} activity and th antioxidative defense system in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10 gm were randomly assigned to one normal and five STZ-induced diabetic groups. The diabetic groups were assigned either a catechin-free diet (DM group), 0.5% catechin diet (DM-0.5C group), 1% catechin diet (DM-1C group), vitamin E-free diet (DM-0E group), and 400 mg vitamin E per kg diet (DM-400E group) according to the levels of dietary catechin or vitamin E supplementation. The vitamin E levels of the normal, DM, DM-0.5C, and DM-1C groups were 40 mg per kg diet. Diabetes was experimentally induced by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin after 4 weeks of feeding the five experimental diets. The animals were sacrificed on the 6th day of he diabetic state. The body weight gains were lower in all five diabetic groups after the STZ injection. The platelet phospholipase {TEX}$A_{2}${/TEX}({TEX}$PLA_{2}${/TEX}) activity in the diabetic groups was higher than that in the normal group. However, the enzyme activity in the DM-0.5C, DM-1C, and DM-400E groups was lower than that in the DM and DM-0E groups. The cytochrome {TEX}$P_{450}${/TEX} and cytochrome {TEX}$b_{5}${/TEX} content and NADPH-cytochrome {TEX}$P_{450}${/TEX} reductase activity were about 50~110% higher in the DM and DM-0E groups than in the normal group, yet significantly reduced by either catechin or vitamin E supplementation. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) content in the liver did not differ significantly in any of the groups. However, the glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activity was generally lower in the diabetic groups, compared with the normal group, whereas that of the DM-0.5C, DM-1C, and DM-400E groups was significantly higher compared with that of the DM and DM-0E groups. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver tissue were 148% and 201% higher in the DM and DM-0E groups, respectively, compared with the normal group, however, these levels were reduced by either catechin or vitamin E supplementation (DM-0.5, DM-1C and DM-400E). Accordingly, the present results indicate that STZ-induced diabetic rats exhibited an imbalance between free radical generation and scavenger systems in the liver which led to the acceleration of lipid peroxidation. However, these abnormalities were reduced and the antioxidative defense system was restored by either dietary catechin or vitamin E supplementation. In conclusion, the effects of dietary catechin or vitamin E in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats would appear to inhibit lipid peroxidation as an anti-oxidant by regulating the activity of {TEX}$PLA_{2}${/TEX}.