• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1998

This study describes the effect of the growth regulators such as 2,L-D and BA, on the structural abnormalities of somatic embryos derived from leaf explants of Angelica gigas Nakai, Also, the relationship between the cotyledon number of a somatic embryo and its germinability is explored. Embryogenic calli were selected from calli formed on explants cultured on MS solid basal medium supplemented with 0.5mg/L 2,4-D, 1mg/L 2,4-D, 1mg/L plus 0.1mg/L BA, and 1 mg/L 2,4-D plus 0.5mg/L BA. Cotyledonary abnormalities were observed in somatic embryos which were developed from embryogenic calli cultured on MS medium containing 1mg/L 2,4-D for 8 weeks and then subcultured on 2,4-D free MS medium for 3 weeks. The frequency of abnormalities was as follows: 22.8% one cotyledon, 42.5% two cotyledons, 16.8% three cotyledons, 7.8% four cotyledons, 1.8% five cotyledons, and 8.2% jar shaped cotyledon. In addition, ABA treatment indicated an improvement of the somatic embryo with normal cotyledon (65.3%). ABA was important role to the high production of normal somatic embryos. Two cotyledon embryos showed germinability 77.8%. However the germinability of somatic embryos with anomalous cotyledons was prominently low: One cotyledon, 62.5%; three cotyledons, 43.3%; four cotyledons, 60%; five cotyledons, 50% and jar shaped cotyledon, zero%. Thus, germinability was essentially, inversely proportional to cotyledon number.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2170-2177
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• 2012

The ratio of index finger length to ring finger length(2D:4D) is an index of prenatal testosterone and/or estrogen exposure. The aim of this study is to investigate digit ratio and the type of gender-role orientation, to identify the correlation between 2D:4D and gender-role orientation in health and medical students. Participants were 120 male and 146 female university students majoring in health or medicine. After filling in KSRI(Korean Sex Role Inventory), 2nd and 4th finger lengths were measured on both hands using vernier callipers with photocopy. This study showed 2D:4D in the males was 0.95, and that in the females was 0.96 (p<0.01). 38.3% male students revealed androgyny, on the other hand, 35.6% female students revealed undifferentiated type from KSRI. And also, there was a significant difference in masculinity score between male and female but not in feminity score. There was no significant difference in 2D:4D according gender role orientation. The KSRI masculinity score was negatively related to 2D:4D of left hand in male (p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that a more masculine gender role orientation in males is associated with low 2D:4D revealing higher testosterone and/or lower estrogen level in utero. However, more research in 2D:4D ratio to Korean is needed for support of this result.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.7-11
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• 2014

In this paper, we designed resistive MMIC mixer using $0.5{\mu}m$ p-HEMT process. This Mixer is designed to have a similar performance in -4 ~ 4 dBm local oscillator signal power level and to maintain a constant conversion loss and linear performance due to the variation of local signal. In order to have such characteristics, we designed new feedback circuit topology by using FET, and minimized performance change for LO signal power level variation, also obtain MMIC mixer characteristics which is able to apply in wideband. In the design result, When the LO signal power is -4 ~ 4 dBm, there was 6 dB conversion loss and it came up with the excellent result that IIP3 got over 30 dBm in 0.5 ~ 2.6GHz frequency band.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.485-491
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• 2012

In this paper, the implementations of a $0.1{\mu}m$ gallium arsenide (GaAs) pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor process for a low noise amplifier (LNA), a subharmonically pumped (SHP) mixer, and a single-chip receiver for 70/80 GHz point-to-point communications are presented. To obtain high-gain performance and good flatness for a 15 GHz (71 GHz to 86 GHz) wideband LNA, a five-stage input/output port transmission line matching method is used. To decrease the package loss and cost, 2nd and 4th SHP mixers were designed. From the measured results, the five-stage LNA shows a gain of 23 dB and a noise figure of 4.5 dB. The 2nd and 4th SHP mixers show conversion losses of 12 dB and 17 dB and input P1dB of -1.5 dBm to 1.5 dBm. Finally, a single-chip receiver based on the 4th SHP mixer shows a gain of 6 dB, a noise figure of 6 dB, and an input P1dB of -21 dBm.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.230-236
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• 2022

This study was carried out to produce two-flowered seedlings, harvest them early in a greenhouse, and extend the harvest period. This study was carried out to effectively produce the second truss blooming seedlings to harvest tomatoes early and extend the harvest period. For production of the second truss blooming seedlings (one stem), the nutrient solution EC was supplied at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 dS·m^-1, and dynamic management (3.0 → 3.5 → 4.5 dS·m^-1). The seedling period was 60 days, which was 20-40 days longer than conventional seedlings, and 10 days longer than the first truss blooming seedlings (cube seedlings). The plant height was 78 and 77 cm in EC 2.5 dS·m^-1 and dynamic management respectively, which was shorter than EC 1.5 dS·m^-1 with 88 cm. As for the EC in the cube before formulation, dynamic management had the highest EC 5.5 dS·m^-1, and the cube supplied with EC 1.5 dS·m^-1 had the lowest. The production yield by treatment did not a difference among in the second truss blooming seedlings, but the first truss blooming seedlings showed lower productivity than second truss blooming seedlings. The second truss blooming seedling were harvested 35 days after planting on June 4, the first harvest date, and the first truss blooming were harvested in 42 days on June 11th. There was no difference in plant height and root growth due to bending at frequency planting. In the study on the production of the second truss blooming seedlings (two stem), the nutrient solution EC was supplied under 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 dS·m^-1, and dynamic management (3.0 → 3.5 → 4.5 dS·m^-1). The seedling period was 90 days, which was 40-50 days longer than conventional seedlings and 10 days longer than the first truss blooming seedlings (cube seedlings). Plant height was 80 and 81 cm in EC 2.0 dS·m^-1 and 2.5 dS·m^-1 respectively, but was the shortest at 73 cm in dynamic management. EC in the medium increased as the seeding period increased in all treatments. The dynamic management was the highest with EC 5.1 dS·m^-1. There was no difference in yield among EC treatments in the second truss blooming seedlings, which had a longer seeding period of about 10 days, produced 15% more than the first truss blooming seedlings. In order to shorten the plant height of the second truss blooming seedlings, it is judged that the most efficient method is increasing the concentration of nutrient solution.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.293-299
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• 2003

Structure-activity relationship studies of allylamine type of antimycotics were carried out to evaluate the effect of naphthyl and methyl portion of naftifine. Compounds with 4-fluorophenyl(2a-5a), 2-fluorophenyl(2b-5b), 2,4-dichlorophenyl(2c-5c), 2,6-dichlorophenyl(2d-5d), 4-nitrophenyl(2e-5e), and 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxan-6-yl( 2f-5f) instead of naphthyl group with hydrogen(3a-3f), methyl(4a-4f), and ethyl(5a-5f) in the place of methyl in naftifine were synthesized and tested their in vitro anti-fungal activity against five different fungi. Eight compounds(3a, 5a, 3c, 4c, 4d, 5d, 5e, and 4f) showed significant antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes. (E)-N-Ethyl-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-4-nitro-benzenemethaneamine(5e) displayed moderate antifungal activity against all five different fungi.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.111-115
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• 1997

The electronic structure of the Kondo insulator CeNiSn has been investigated by using photoemission spectroscopy. A satellite feature is observed in the valence band spectrum about 6 eV below the Ni 3d main peak, indicating a strong Ni 3d Coulomb correlation in CeNiSn. The Ce 4f partial spectral weight exhibits three peak structures, including one due to the 4f1\longrightarrow4f0 transition, another near EF, and the other which overlaps the Ni 3d main peak. We interpret the peak near EF as reflecting mainly the Ce 4f/Sn 5p hybridization, whereas that around the ni 3d main peak as reflecting both the Ce 4f/Ni 3d and Ce 5d/Ni 3d hybridization. Yield measurements across the 4d\longrightarrow4f threshold indicate the Ce valence to be close to 3+. The prominent Fermi edge suggests a metallic ground state in CeNiSn.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.588-596
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• 2010

Most nutrients taken by pregnant women are secreted into their breast milk. Food contains choline together with betaine, and in human body choline is oxidized to betaine which transfer methyl group. The aim of the study was to estimate the concentrations of choline and betaine in breast milk of Korean lactating women and the choline and betaine intakes of their infants. Total choline, free choline and betaine concentrations in breast milk of some lactating women living in Daejon Metropolitan city were analyzed every month by using HPLC-MS and enzymatic method during the first five months. Total choline concentrations of breast milks were 157.64 mg/L (1.52 mmol/L), 157.83 mg/L (1.52 mmol/L), 165.99 mg/L (1.60 mmol/L), 153.67 mg/L (1.48 mmol/L), 145.05 mg/L (1.39 mmol/L) by month after delivery for five months. The concentrations of total choline and free choline in breast milks were not significantly changed for the five months while the betaine concentrations gradually decreased. Daily intake of total choline of the infants appears to be adequate for the infant's requirement according to the US DRI; 124.6 mg/d, 120.9 mg/d, 126.5 mg/d 104.1 mg/d from 2nd to 5th month after birth. Free choline and betaine intakes of the infants were not significantly changed during the four months except showing decrease in betaine intake per kg body weight. Choline intakes of the infants more correlated with choline concentrations of the breast milks (r = 0.982, p = 0.000) than intake amount of the breast milk (r = 0.414, p = 0.028). These results suggest that the choline intake of Korean breast-fed infants appears to be adequate and the intake could be affected by the choline concentration of the breast milk.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1337-1342
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• 2014

A novel and convenient route for the synthesis of a series of thalidomide derivatives is described. Compound 2 was cyclized with different amines under alkaline condition to obtain 4-nitro substituted phthalimidines 3a-d. Hydroxylactams 4a-d were produced via bromination and hydroxylation. Different acyl chlorides were reacted with hydroxylactams to provide the desired esters 5a-d. All compounds were evaluated by MTT assay for their inhibitory activities against HCT-116, MG-63, MCF-7, HUVEC and HMVEC cell lines in vitro. Most of them showed no obvious cytotoxic effect on normal human cells, compounds 4a-d, $5a_2$, $5a_4$, $5a_5$, $5b_2$, $5c_2$ and $5d_2$ exhibited potent antitumor activities, among which compounds $5a_2$ and $5b_2$ were more effective than 5-FU.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.312-317
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• 2001

7'-Aldehyde-nucleosides analogue (2a, 2c) were synthesized from 6-N-benzoyl-2',3'-O-isopropylideneadenosine and uridine. The condensation of 2 with ethoxycarbonylmethylene Wittig reagent produced the adenosine and uridine analogues containing extended conjugated diene and ethoxycarbonyl group, ethyl-1',5',6',7',8'-pentadeoxy-1'-(adenin-9-yl)-$\beta$-D-ribo-nona-5'(E),7'(E)-dienofuranuronate (4b) and ethyl-1'. 5',6',7',8'-pentadeoxy-1'-(uracil-1-yl)-$\beta$-D-ribo-nona-5'(E),7'-(E)-dienofuranuronate (4c). 9-[8',8'-dibromo-5',6',7',8' -tetradeoxy-$\beta$-D-ribo-octa-5'(E),7'(E)-diene]nucleosides (6b, 6c) were also prepared from 2 with similar method.