• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.682-698
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• 2000

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) functions as a suppressor of inflammation by inhibiting the expression of many cytokine genes activated by NF-${\kappa}B$. The goal of this study is to investigate the mechanism by which GR repress NF-${\kappa}B$ activation in lung epithelial cells. We used A549 and BEAS-2B lung epithelia! cell lines. Using Ig$G{\kappa}$-NF-${\kappa}B$ luciferase reporter gene construct, we found that dexamethasone significantly suppressed TNF-$\alpha$-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and the overexpression of GR showed dose-dependent reduction of TNF-$\alpha$-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activity in both cell lines. However, DNA binding of NF-${\kappa}B$ induced by TNF-$\alpha$ in electromobility shift assay was not inhibited by dexamethasone. Super shift assay with anti-p65 antibody demonstrated the existence of p65 in NF-${\kappa}B$ complex induced by $\alpha$ Western blot showed that $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation induced by TNF-$\alpha$ was not affected by dexamethasone and $I{\kappa}B{\kappa}$ was not induced by dexamethasone, neither. To evaluate p65 specific transactivation, we adopted co-transfection study of Gal4-p65TA1 or TA2 fusion protein expression system together with 5xGal4-luciferase vector. Co-transfection of GR with Gal4-p65TA1 or TA2 repressed luciferase activity profoundly to the level of 10-20% of p65TA1- or TA2-induced transcriptional activity. And this transrepressional effect was abolished by co-transfection of CBP of SRC-1 expression vectors. These results suggest that GR-mediated transrepression of NF-${\kappa}B$ in lung epithelial cells is through competing for binding to limiting amounts of transcriptional coactivators, CBP or SRC-1.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.325-329
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• 2011

본 연구를 통해 최근 개발된 근자외선영역대에서 발광하는 이리듐 착물인 $Ir(pmb)_{3}$ (Iridium(III) Tris(1-phenyl-3-methylbenzimidazolin-2-ylidene-C,$C,C^{2'}$ ))의 합성 과정상에서 기존의 합성법과 동일한 발광 특성을 가지면서 더 효율적인 합성 방법을 제안하였다. 합성 과정에서 초음파가 투입되면서 용매에 녹지 않는 반응물의 파쇄 및 혼합을 돕고, 촉매의 활성을 향상시켜 이온 및 라디컬을 형성시키는 방법으로 최대 42.5% 합성 수율을 얻어 내었으며 이는 기존 방법 대비 약 4배 이상 향상된 결과이다. 이러한 초음파 합성법으로 합성된 $Ir(pmb)_{3}$은 이성질체 별로 405 nm(면이성질체) 412 nm(자오선이성질체)의 발광 피크를 보였으며 이중 좀더 효율이 높은 자오선이성질체를 사용하여 전계 발광 소자를 제작하였다. 밴드갭이 큰 $Ir(pmb)_{3}$에 적합한 호스트 물질을 UGH2, CBP, mCP 세가지 선정하여 전계발광소자를 제작하였으며, 그 중 mCP를 호스트 물질로 사용한 소자의 경우가 호스트물질과 인광물질사이의 에너지전달이 가장 효율적으로 일어나 가장 높은 휘도와 효율을 보였다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.398-403
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• 2001

There is a potential usability of electric arc furnace(EAF) dust produced during the iron manufacturing process as a recycled resource, because valuable materials such as Zn, Pb and Fe are contained in it. In this study, metallic Zn was recycled from the fine electric arc furnace dust by a solid state reduction method using carbon at relatively low temperature. It was possible to recover metallic zinc by using of high vapour pressure of zinc with this reduction method. The feasibility of recycled zinc for cold bonded pellet(CBP) was investigated. The main composition of EAF dust were franklinite(ZnFe$_2$O$_4$), magnetite(Fe$_3$O$_4$) and zincite(ZnO), and Pb and Cl were completely removed by a heat treatment in oxidation environment. The reduction ratio increased as the solid carbon content increased, and it increased with decreasing of dust particle size and increasing of compaction pressure due to a increase of contact area.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2003

일본 남서부 大田市(Ohda-city)일대의 식생변화와 Lake Shinji에서 보고된 화분분대를 대비하기 위해 피근호(Lake Hane) 퇴적물의 화분분석을 실시하였다. OH94 코어시료(19.7 m)의 화분분석결과, 하부로부터 Cyclobalanopsis-Catanopsis 화분대와, Gramineae 화분대로 나누어진다. Cyclcbalanopsis-Catanopis 화분대는 Cyclobalanopsis아대, Catanopsis아대 그리고, Podocarpus아대로 세분할 수 있고, Gramineae 화분대는 Cryptomeria아대와 Cyclobalanopsis-Quercus아대로 세분된다. 특히 Cyclobalanopsis-Cutanopsis 화분대에서 K-Ah 테프라를 동정하였고, 이 결과로부터 Cyclobalanopsis-Catanopsis 화분대가 $6,300_{14}$CBP이전부터 시작되었음을 알 수 있었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic disease triggered by epigenetic alterations, including lysine acetylation at histone or non-histone proteins, affecting the stability or transcription of lipogenic genes. Although various natural dietary compounds have anti-lipogenic effects, their effects on the acetylation status and lipid metabolism in the liver have not been thoroughly investigated. MATERIALS/METHODS: Following oleic-palmitic acid (OPA)-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells, the acetylation status of histone and non-histone proteins, HAT activity, and mRNA expression of representative lipogenic genes, including $PPAR{\gamma}$, SREBP-1c, ACLY, and FASN, were evaluated. Furthermore, correlations between lipid accumulation and HAT activity for 22 representative natural food extracts (NExs) were evaluated. RESULTS: Non-histone protein acetylation increased following OPA treatment and the acetylation of histones H3K9, H4K8, and H4K16 was accelerated, accompanied by an increase in HAT activity. OPA-induced increases in the mRNA expression of lipogenic genes were down-regulated by C-646, a p300/CBP-specific inhibitor. Finally, we detected a positive correlation between HAT activity and lipid accumulation (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.604) using 22 NExs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that NExs have novel applications as nutraceutical agents with HAT inhibitor activity for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.105-119
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• 2006

Objectives & Methods : This present study was performed to investigate the effect of Hwadamtongrak-Tang extract (HTT) on the regulation of cerebral hemodynamics in terms of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)] in normal and cerebral ischemic rats. Also the effects of HTT on changes in local blood flow, inhibition of LD H activity in neuronal cells, and levels of cytokine production in the serum were determined in the ischemic rat model. The major findings are summarized below. Results : 1. HTT significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner, but MABP was not changed by HTT treatment. These results suggest that HTT may increase rCBF by dilating cerebral arterial diameter. 2. HTT-induced increase in rCBF was blocked by pretreatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (IDN, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) and MABP was significantly increased by ID N. 3. Pretreatment of methylene blue $(MTB,\;10\;{\mu}g/kg,\;i.p.)$, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, significantly decreased both rCBP and MABP in HTT-treated rats. 4. HTT treatment significantly increased rCBP to a stable level during the period of cerebral reperfusion. 5. HTT significantly inhibited LD H activity in neuronal cells, suggesting a neuroprotection by HTT. 6. Serum interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ levels were significantly decreased in the femoral artery 1 hr after middle cerebral arterial occlusion in HTT-treated rats. IL-10 levels in the serum were significantly increased by HTT treatment whereas transforming growth factor $(TGF)-{\beta}$ levels were similar between HTT-treated and control groups. 7. Serum interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ levels were significantly decreased in the femoral artery 1 hr after reperfusion in HTT-treated rats. Serum IL-10 levels were significantly decreased in HTT-treated rats compared with the control group, and no significant changes in $(TGF)-{\beta}$ in the serum were observed by HTT treatment. Conclusions: The present data suggest that HTT may have an anti-ischemic effect via the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and thus protect the brain from ischemic damage.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.457-462
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• 2007

Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) is a family of enzymes that regulate histone acetylation. Dysfunction of HAT plays a critical role in the development of cancer. Here we have screened the various plant extracts to find out the potent HAT inhibitors. The bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorum) root have exhibited approximately 30% of the inhibitory effects on HAT activity, especially p300 and CBP (CREB-binding protein) at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$. The cell viability was decreased approximately 52% in LNCaP cell for 48 hr incubation. Furthermore, mRNA level of 3 androgen receptor target genes, PSA, NKX3.1, and TSC22 were decreased with bellflower root extract treatment ($100\;{\mu}g/mL$) in the presence of androgen. In ChIP assay, the acetylation of histone H3 and H4 in PSA promoter region was dramatically repressed by bellflower root treatment, but not TR target gene, Dl. Therefore, the potent HAT inhibitory effect of bellflower root led to the decreased transcription of AR target genes and prostate cancer cell growth with the repression of histone hyperacetylation.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.9-11
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• 2007

우리나라는 정부의 전력시장 구조개편 계획에 의거 2001년부터 전력시장을 도입하도록 하는 결정에 따라 초기단계 전력시장을 운영하기 위한 "발전경쟁 (CBP Cost Based Pool)시스템"을 국내기술로 개발하여 현재까지 운영중에 있다. 또한 단계적인 시장도입 정책에 따라 2004년 4일부터 운영할 예정이었던 전력시장운영시스템(MOS : Market Operating System)은 정부의 도매전력시장 개설중단이란 정책변경으로 우수한 성능과 기능을 보유하고 있음에도 불구하고 활용이 불투명하기 도 하였으나, 2007년 세계최초로 발전경쟁시장시스템에 접목하여 MOS 상업운전을 개시하여 경제급전 효과를 극대화 할 수 있게 되었다. 경제급전 및 계통안정운영을 위한 MOS 시스템의 기능중 하나인 급전지시시스템(MX : Massage Exchange)은 미국 ABB사에서 개발하였던 초기의 기능은 매우 초보적인 단계로 단순히 5분 에너지 급전지시값만 전달하는 것으로서 국내 급전운영체계의 반영이 미흡하였다. 이에 따라, 2005년 국내기술로 초기 시스템을 개발한 이후 2007년에는 에너지 급전지시값 외에 보조서비스 데이터 제공 등의 성능 개선을 통해 중앙급전소 급전원, 현장 발전운전원 등에게 정확하고 신속한 계통운영관련 DATA를 실시간으로 제공하여, 계통운전에 활용함으로서 전력계통의 안정운영과 효율적인 시장운영에 많은 도움을 주고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같이 완벽한 계통운전의 실현과 효율적 시장운영에 중요한 요소로서 역할을 수행하고 있는 급전지시 시스템의 개요와 주요 내용에 대해 살펴보도록 하겠다.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제5A권4호
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• pp.416-424
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• 2005

At present, the Korean electricity industry is undergoing restructuring and the Cost Based-generation Pool (CBP) market is being operated in preparation of a Two Way Bidding Pool (TWBP) market. In deregulated electricity industries, an integrated power market simulator is one of the tools that can be used by market participants and market operators analyzing market behaviors and studying market structures and market codes. In this regard, it is very important to develop an electricity market simulator that reflects market code providing a market operation mechanism. This paper presents the development of an integrated market simulator, called the Power Exchange Simulator (PEXSIM), which is designed to imitate the Korean electricity market considering the various features of the market operating mechanism such as uniform price and constrained on/off payment. The PEXSIM is developed in VB.NET and composed of five modules whose titles are M-SIM, P-SIM, O-SIM, T-SIM and G-SIM interfacing the Access database program. To verify the features and the performance of the PEXSIM, a small Two Way bidding market with a 12-bus system and a One Way bidding market for generator competition will be presented for the electricity market simulations using PEXSIM.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.117-117
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• 2010

최근 10여년간 OLED는 급속한 기술발전으로 효율의 급속히 향상되어 100 lm 이상의 소자가 발표되고 있어, 디스플레이와 조명용 광원으로서의 응용 가능성이 증가하고 있다. 또한 에너지 및 환경의 중요성이 대두되며 효율은 점차 중요해 지고 있다. OLED의 효율 향상을 위해, 내부 양자효율이 25%인 형광 OLED를 대체할 수 있는, 인광 OLED가 대두되고 있다. 인광 OLED는 내부양자 효율이 형광 OLED에 비해 4배. 즉 100%의 내부양자 효율을 갖는다. 그러나 주로 사용되는 청색인광 물질인 FIrpic, Fir6 등의 수명이 짧다는 점과 색 좌표의 y값이 0.20 이상으로 하늘색 계열의 색특성을 보이는 등 여러 단점이 있다. 현제 이러한 단점을 보완하고자 하는 여러 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 다양한 호스트 물질을 사용, 도펀트 물질인 FIrpic을 도핑하여 청색인광의 효율을 높이고 수명을 증진시키고자 한다. 양극전극으로 RF 플라즈마 처리한 ITO를 사용하였으며, 진공증착방법을 사용하여 정공 주입층(HIL)으로 2-TNATA와 정공 수송층(HTL)으로 a-NPD을 증착하였으며, 전자 수송층(ETL)으로 Balq, 전자주입층(EIL)으로 LiF와 음극전극으로 Al을 증착하였다. 발광층(EML)에 사용되는 호스트 물질은 mCP, TCTA, CBP 등으로 다양화 하여 도펀트 물질인 FIrpic을 각각의 호스트 물질에 8 wt%으로 도핑하여 OLED 소자를 제작하였고, 전기 및 광학적 특성을 평가하였다.