• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.73-95
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• 2007

Causal relationships of kindergarteners' phonological awareness and processing to their ability to read words was investigated with the participation of 289 4- to 6-year-old children attending three kindergartens in Busan. Results showed gradual growth in reading ability with age. Children performed best in reading words and poorest in reading low frequency letters. They showed continuous development in skills of syllable deletion, phoneme substitution, phoneme insertion, phonological memory and naming. Discontinuous development was found in counting syllables. Longer syllables were difficult to count, and middle syllables of 3 syllable words were hard to delete. Children had poor perception of final consonants of Consonant-Vowel-Consonant syllables. Children's phonological awareness and processing were latent variables strongly related to ability to read words written in Hangul.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.17-29
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• 2001

In this study, children's representation of attachment was assessed by the Attachment Story Completion Task(Bretherton, Ridgeway, & Cassidy, 1990) administered to 101 5-to 6-year-old children(56boys, 45girls). Teacher-child relationship and social competence were evaluated by a questionnaire administered to preschool teachers. Based on the children's representation of attachment in their narrative responses to the story stems, 56.4% of the children were classified as having secure, 22.8% as insecure-avoidant, and 20.8% as insecure-disorganized attachments. Children with secure representation of attachment exhibited more social competence and fewer behavioral problems in the child-care setting than children with insecure representation of attachment. This study showed that the child's internal model of attachment formed from experience with caregiver is capable of transmitting social relationships outside the home.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.213-226
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• 2001

In this study of intentions and strategies of children's requests and teachers' responses, the subjects were 20 teachers and 610 4- and 5-year-old children in 10 kindergartens. Each teacher wore an audio-recorder and one-to-one interactions between teacher and child were audiotaped during a 40-minute free play session. Children made requests most frequently with the intention of getting attention; they also made requests for the purpose of seeking information. In making requests, children utilized various strategies including direct, indirect, and physical strategies. Furthermore, their strategies were dependent on intention. Teachers most frequently responded to children with the strategy of committed compliance. Results were discussed in terms of roles of active children and responsive teachers in forming and maintaining good teacher-child relationships.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.93-114
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• 2004

The purposes of the present study were to identify the stages of early concept development of the air in young Korean children and to compare the stages with those reported by Piaget. The subjects were 87 four, five, and six-year-old children from one kindergarten, two day care centers, and an elementary school, all located in Seoul. To collect the children's ideas of the air, individual interviews were conducted based on Piaget's Clinical Interview method. According to the results, the children formulated very unique concepts of the air, showing artificialism, anthropocentric finalism, animism, and dualism. Their concepts of the air showed a consistent developmental process which is very similar to the stages proposed by Piaget. This implies that young children's misconcepts and idosyncratic ideas are very natural and can not be eliminate easily by artificial instruction. This also means that children's internal ideas themselves should be the starting point of education.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2001

This study examined patterns of parenting variables in relation to children's peer competence. The subjects were 333 5- and 6-year-old children in early childhood settings. Classroom teachers rated each children's peer competence, and mothers responded to questionnaires on parenting goals, parenting behaviors, and management strategies pertaining to peer relations. Mothers' warm and encouraging behavior, mediation-supervision strategies, and parenting goals for peer competence were positively related to children's peer competence; that is, high warmth and encouragement and mediation-supervision of mothers was strongly associated with children's peer competence. Mothers high in parenting goals for peer competence used more management strategies to enhance peer relations which in turn contributed to children's peer competence.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.115-132
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• 1998

The present study investigated the construction of the moral concepts of 3-, 4-, and 5- year old Korean children. Instruments were the Maternal Behavior Research Instrument by Schaefer for mother and feather nurturing attitudes, and the Domain Distinctiveness Model for children's moral judgments. Maternal and teacher attitudes were categorized by the affection-rejection factor consisting of affection-affection, affection-rejection, rejection-affection, and rejection-rejection dimensions, and by the permissive, -control factor consisting of permissive-permissive, permissive-control, control-permissive, and control-control dimension. Children's data were collected with an individualized interview in which children were asked to judge moral and social conventional transgression events. 30 children were assigned to each of the maternal/teacher attitude dimensions; thus, there were 120 children for each factor. Results showed that (1) the affection-affection cohort was must strongly related to moral rules using both the seriousness criterion and deserved punishment criterion, and (2) the permissive-permissive cohort was most strongly related to reasoning and action. However, this cohort did not break out of children's structural limitation (limited responses to the intangible).

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.87-102
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• 2009

This study used path analysis to investigate the effect of home environment on children's linguistic ability. Participants were 230 4- to 5-year-old kindergarten and child care children and their parents located in D city, Gyeongbuk Province. Instruments were the Children's Linguistic Ability Test (Suk Im Lee, 2006), and questionnaires to measure the physical and literacy environment at home and parents' socio-economic status. Results showed that parents' socio-economic status and application of a literacy environment directly caused children's literacy; physical surroundings and an environment of literacy were variables that effected children's literacy indirectly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.146-159
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Mathematical Activities using 4D-frame on 5-year-old children's mathematical ability and attitude towards Mathematics. For the study, E, K, and Y preschools located in S city were selected: 28 children from Y preschool as the experimental group(I: n=14, II: n=14) and 28 children from E and K preschool as the comparative group(III: n=14, IV: n=14). During the 8 weeks, the experimental group performed Mathematical Activities using 4D-frame and in the comparison group, Nuri-Curriculum's mathematical activities and mathematics-science integration programs were conducted. The analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) was conducted with the pre-test scores of the experimental group(I, II) and the comparison group(III, IV) as covariance. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the experimental and comparative groups. Mathematical Activities for Young Children using 4D-frame enhanced 5-year-old children's mathematical ability and attitude towards Mathematics. The results of this study provide an understanding of the efficiency of early childhood mathematical activities using the 4D-frame in early childhood education and provide basic data for the improvement of mathematical ability and attitude of young children and the applicable educational methods at the field.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate age-specific features of 2;1- to 4;1-year -olds' production of monophthongs and diphthongs through both auditory perceptual analysis and acoustic analysis. Test material included {vowel+'da'} consisting of 7 monophthongs and 10 diphthongs and meaningful words beginning with vowels. The percentage of correct vowels was used for perceptual analysis and Praat(5.2.12) was used for acoustic analysis, analyzing variables related to monophthongs and diphthongs. The results of this study are as follows: First, perceptual analysis showed that children from an age group of 2;1 to 2;8 years showed significant difference in the accuracy level of both monophthongs and diphthongs as compared to those aged 2;9 to 3;4 years and those aged 3;5 to 4;1 years. Second, the results of acoustic analysis provided that formant (F1 and F2) of monophthong, in general, tended to decrease as age increased. In terms of F2 differentiation slope and regression slope, which were diphthong-related variables, the age group of 3;5 to 4;1 years showed a large general slope change.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2014

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a life-threatening syndrome of recurrent infections and gastro-intestinal alterations due to severe compromise of T cells and B cells. Clinically, most patients present symptoms before the age of 3 months and without intervention SCID usually results in severe infections and death by the age of 2 years. Its association with intestinal anomalies as multiple intestinal atresias (MIA) is rare and worsens the prognosis, resulting lethal. We describe the case of a four year-old boy with SCID-MIA. He presented at birth with meconium peritonitis, multiple ileal atresias and underwent several intestinal resections. A targeted Sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous 4-bp deletion ($c.313{\Delta}TATC$; p.Y105fs) in tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A). He experienced surgical procedures including resection and stricturoplasty. Despite parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease, the patient is surviving at the time of writing the report. Precocious immune system assessment, scrutiny of TTC7A mutations and prompt surgical procedures are crucial in the management.