• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• v.y2005m4
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 2005

In HTPB/AP propellants, zirconium(Zr) addition to formulation was shown to be less specific impulse than aluminum(Al) by the theoretical calculation because of the lower flame temperature and higher molecular weight of Zr oxide. It was found that the burning rate was faster with the finer size of Zr and the more content of $2{\mu}m$ Zr the faster burning rate is in HTPB/AP/Zr propellants caused by the more conduction energy transfer from Zr flame to the burning surface. Also the burning rate of HTPB/AP/Zr propellant could be reduced by addition of 150nm Al, depending on AP size distribution in formulation with Butacene and $1{\mu}m$ AP.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 1985

The effect of ginseng saponin on acid phosphatase (AP) activity in liver Iysosomes was investigated and the mechanism by which ginseng saponin may function on the integrity of Iysosomes was discussed. The experimental results obtained are summarized as follows; 1, A very marked increase in the AP activity was observed in the supernatant of hypotonic medium, as compared with that of isotonic medium, indicating that the hypoosmotic shock per so results in activation through osmotic Iysis of particles. 2. Ginseng saponin had no effect on the activity of AP if once released from Iysosomes when Iysed in the hypotonic medium, suggesting that ginseng saponin has no effect on the enzyme molecules per se. 3. The AP activity in isotonic medium suspensions was decreased at the concentrations of 10-6, 10-5 and 10-4% of ginseng saponin, but increased at 10-2 and 10-1%. It's suggested that ginseng saponin enhances the integrity of Iysosomes at 10-6, 10-5 and 10-4%, but decreases it at 10-2 and 10-1%. 4. Suspending particles in distilled water resulted in no correlation of AP activity with treatment with ginseng saponin. 5, The AP activity was decreased in the presence of ATP, showing the possible significance of ATP as a Iysosomal stabilizer and the possibility that ginseng saponin may affect a membrane bound ATPase system by which Iysosomal AP release may be controlled.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 2021

The number of people suffering from diabetes have been increased around the world. In this study, we investigated the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Anthriscus sylvestris(L.) Hoffm and its main compounds. It was divided into root(R) and aerial part(AP) for comparative analysis. Total polyphenol, total flavonoid content was higher in AP extract, but nodakenin content was higher in R(1169.13 ± 6.00 mg/g) extract. Antioxidant activity was also higher in AP extract. To compare antidiabetic efficacy, we analyzed the effects of R and AP extracts on ɑ-glucosidase inhibition(AGI), dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) and protein tyrosine phosphatase(PTP)1B activity. R and AP extracts showed similar effects on AGI and DPP-4 activity in a concentration dependent manner, and there was no effect on PTP1B activation. Glucose uptake(139.51 ± 3.19%) in 3T3-L1 cells was more effective in the AP extract-treated group than the positive control, rosiglitazone, group. Both R and AP extracts were effective in protecting against pancreatic beta cell damage caused by hyperglycemia. These results suggest that Anthriscus sylvestris(L.) Hoffm. could be used as a candidate for diabetes treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.720-722
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we propose a new type of integrated wireless control system using a cloud-based AP Controller. With this system, network administrator can control wireless network in head office and branch hierarchically. In head office, they have an AP Controller Manager, it can control all Access Points, Access point Controllers in their networks. In addition, if we need to install new Access point Controller because of the increasing number of Access Point, the process of making virtual Access point Controller can be automated. This paper presents an architecture of the integrated wireless control system, as well as describes its components and protocols.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.37 no.4 s.147
• /
• pp.324-330
• /
• 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Artemisia Princeps Var. Orientalis (AP) on serum lipids and the collagen content of the connective tissues in ovariectomized rats. From day 2 until day 37 after the ovariectomy, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-operated rats (Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), and ovariectomized rats supplemented with the AP 50 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-AP). The AP ethanol extracts were orally administrated 1 mL per day. The OVX rats were significantly heavier than the sham-operated rats at all time points, but supplementation with the AP extracts tended to gain weight less than OVX-control. Although total-cholesterol was increased at OVX-control, supplementation with the AP extracts tended to result in less than OVX-control. Triglyceride was significantly decreased after supplemented with the AP extracts (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol is appeared higher AP extracts group than OVX-control. According to the results, we could know the fact that AP extracts were effective on serum lipids content throughout decreasing total-cholesterol, triglyceride and increasing HDL-cholesterol in ovariectomized rats. Supplementation with the AP extracts prevented a decrease in the collagen level in bone and cartilage tissues. These results are consistent with the conclusions based on the estrogenic activities of AP. Therefore, it may be used to possibly improve the quality of life in menopausal women.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.303-314
• /
• 2006

The exchange of CAD (Computer Aided Design) models between different CAD systems and to downstream applications such as manufacturing has become very important to modem industry. One serious current issue is that the process cannot automatically import existing 3-D solid models in a variety of commercial CAD formats into the process without manually re-mastering the model in current standard including "SIEP AP(Application Protocol) 203 Edition 1" To fully integrate technical data from the design agency to the shop floor, design intent and validated 3D geometry of feature based parametric CAD model should be brought into the standardized processes. To overcome this limitation, AP203 Edition 2 (Ed.2) and its related STEP parts such as Part55, Part108, Part109, Part111 and Part112 are starting to be available to handle this problem. The features in Part111 are harmonized with the machining features available in AP224. This paper is focused on two mapping technologies: CAD to Part111 mapping and Pat111 to AP224 mapping including case studios and it will provide the guideline about what should be done next in the AP203 Ed.2 to AP224 mapping. The final goal of this project is to integrate technical data from CAD to AP224 based manufacturing information through AP203 Ed.2.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.95-99
• /
• 1990

The dioxygen transfer reaction from $N^5$-ethyl-4a-hydroperoxy-3-methyllumiflavin anion (4a-FlEtOO-) has been extended to isomeric aminophenol systems (1a-4a). O-aminophenol (o-AP, 1a & 2a) and p-aminophenol(p-AP, 3a & 4a) were turned out to be good substrates, whereas m-aminophenol(m-AP, 5a) was not. This is due to the charge location which is not on the carbon bearing the amino group. o-AO's react with 4a-FlEtOO- to give isophenoxazine derivatives (6 & 7) and with p-AP's to produce p-benzoquinone derivatives (8 & 9). The partition coefficients $(k_2/k_3)$ of 1a & 2a were $4.84{\times}10^{-4}\;&\;1.66{\times}10^{-5}M$, respectively and those of methylated aminophenolates, 2a & 4a were 4-10 times greater than nonmethylated substrates, 1a & 3a.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.472-476
• /
• 2004

Lateral roots formed on mungbean sprouts should lower their quality. The study was carried out to clarify the effects of aeration periods (AP; 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours) and temperature (AT; 20, 30, and $40^{\circ}C$) after 5 hour seed imbibition into 50 ppm benzyladenopurine (BA) solution on growth and morphological characters of mungbean (cv. Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu and Zhong Lu 1) sprouts. On the 6th day, the mungbean sprouts were sorted by 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl lengths; > 7cm, 4 to 7cm, < 4cm, and non-germination to calculate their composition rates, number of lateral roots, lengths of hypocotyl and root, diameters at middle and upper parts of hypocotyl, fraction fresh and dry weights were measured. AP more affected growth of the cultivars than AT showing little effect on them. In the composition rate of the above 4 categories, cv. Zhong Lu 1 had the highest rate in longer than 7cm but nearly the same rate in AP treatments. Rates of longer than 4cm hypocotyls in cv. Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu were increased with longer AP but their rates of shorter than 4cm showed reverse response to the former. Formation rate and number of lateral roots per sprout were decreased with longer AP, showing more severe decrement when delayed 3 to 4 hour AP. Upper part of hypocotyls and roots were more thickened and shortened in longer AP, respectively. Total fresh weights had no significant difference between AP treatments while hypocotyl fresh weights were increased with longer AP. It was concluded that in mungbean sprout culture aeration from BA treatment to the first watering permitted at least 4 hours.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 2013

Application of the left lateral tilt position has been recommended during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of pregnant patients. However, the left lateral tilt could displace the left ventricle (LV) besides the gravid uterus and may compromise the cardiac pump mechanism of CPR. Thus, we investigated the effect of left lateral tilt on the spatial relationship between the anterior-posterior axis (AP axis), which represents the direction of sternal displacement during CPR, and the LV. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scans of 90 patients who underwent virtual gastroscopy using MDCT. Virtual gastroscopy was performed with the patient both in the left lateral tilt position and in the supine position. On an axial image showing the maximal area of the LV, the angle between the AP axis and the LV axis ($Angle_{AP-LV}$), the shortest distance between the AP axis and the mid-point of LV cavity ($D_{AP-MidLV}$) and the shortest distance between the AP axis and the LV apex ($D_{AP-Apex}$) were measured. In the supine scans, the LV was situated on the left side of the AP axis in 87 patients (96.7%). On the left lateral tilt scans, the mean tilt angle was $43.4{\pm}11.0^{\circ}$. $D_{AP-MidLV}$ and $D_{AP-Apex}$ were significantly longer in the left lateral tilt position (p<0.001), but $Angle_{AP-LV}$ was comparable between the positions. This study indicates that the left lateral tilt position may compromise the cardiac pump mechanism of chest compression in pregnant cardiac arrest patients.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2023

Background: The detectors of both computed radiography (CR) and direct digital radiography (DR) have a wide dynamic range that could tolerate high values of exposure factors without an adverse effect on image quality. Therefore, this study aims to assess patient radiation dose and proposes institutional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for two teaching hospitals in Ghana. Materials and Methods: CR and DR systems were utilized in this study from two teaching hospitals. The CR system was manufactured by Philips Medical Systems DMC GmbH, while the DR system was manufactured by General Electric. The entrance skin doses (ESDs) were calculated using the standard equation and the tube output measurements. Free-in-air kerma (µGy) was measured using a calibrated radiation dosimeter. The proposed institutional DRLs were estimated using 75^th percentiles values of the estimated ESDs for nine radiographic projections. Results and Discussion: The calculated DRLs were 0.4, 1.6, 3.4, 0.5, 0.4, 1.1, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.7 mGy for chest posteroanterior (PA), lumbar spine anteroposterior (AP), lumbar spine lateral (LAT), cervical spine AP, cervical spine LAT, skull PA, pelvis AP, and abdomen AP, respectively in CR system. In the DR system, the values were 0.3, 1.6, 3.1, 0.4, 0.3, 0.7, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.3 for chest PA, lumbar spine AP, lumbar spine LAT, cervical spine AP, cervical spine LAT, skull PA, pelvis AP, and abdomen AP, respectively. Conclusion: Institutional DRLs in nine radiographic projections have been proposed for two teaching hospitals in Ghana for the first time. The proposed DRLs will serve as baseline data for establishing local DRLs in the hospitals and will be a valuable tool in optimizing patient doses.