• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2012

In this study, in order to utilize the seawater as a heat source at Gangneung city near the East Sea in Korea, an annual heating performance of a screw heat pump was simulated. For a simulation, the maximum heating capacity of heat pump was assumed at 3.5 MW. An ambient temperature at Gangneung city was calculated from the TMY2 weather data, while the seawater temperature was calculated from the regression equation based on the measurement by the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute of Korea. The heating load was assumed linearly dependent on the ambient temperature, while the maximum heating load was assumed to appear when the ambient temperature is below $-2.4^{\circ}C$, which is the temperature of TAC 2.5% for heating at Gangneung city. A heat pump performance at full-load was calculated from the regression equation, which involves refrigerant's evaporating and condensing temperatures, based on a commercial screw compressor performance map. A heating supply temperature which determines refrigerant's condensing temperature was assumed linearly dependent on the heating load. A performance degradation due to the part-load operation of heat pump was also considered. Simulation results show that an annual heating coefficient of performance ($COP_H$) of a seawater-source screw heat pump is approximately 2.8 and that it is necessary to improve part-load performance to increase an annual performance of the heat pump.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.488-493
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• 2012

In this study, in order to utilize the seawater as a heat source at Gangneung city near the East Sea in Korea, an annual heating performance of a screw heat pump was simulated. For a simulation, the maximum heating capacity of heat pump was assumed at 3.5 MW. An ambient temperature at Gangneung city was calculated from the TMY2 weather data, while the seawater temperature was calculated from the regression equation based on the measurement by the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute of Korea. The heating load was assumed linearly dependent on the ambient temperature, while the maximum heating load was assumed to appear when the ambient temperature is below $-2.4^{\circ}C$, which is the temperature of TAC 2.5% for heating at Gangneung city. A heat pump performance at full-load was calculated from the regression equation, which involves refrigerant's evaporating and condensing temperatures, based on a commercial screw compressor performance map. A heating supply temperature which determines refrigerant's condensing temperature was assumed linearly dependent on the heating load. A performance degradation due to the part-load operation of heat pump was also considered. Simulation results show that an annual heating coefficient of performance ($COP_H$) of a seawater-source screw heat pump is approximately 2.8 and that it is necessary to improve part-load performance to increase an annual performance of the heat pump.

• 에너지공학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2006

본 연구는 공기 열원 열펌프의 성능 향상을 위한 연구로써 제상 방법으로 고온냉매 우회방법을 사용하고 내부열교환기를 장착한 열펌프 시스템의 성능을 ISO5151의 표준제상 조건에서 실험하였다. 실험은 고온냉매 우회방법과 가장 일반적인 제상 방법인 시간주기 제상방법을 비교하였으며 착상 발생 후 압축기 출구의 고온냉매를 실외기 입구로 우회시킬 때 실외기 홴 속도를 정상속도에 대하여 0%, 30%, 60%, 90%로 변화 시키면서 열펌프의 성능변화를 관찰하였다. 연구결과 210분의 열펌프 가동시간 동안 고온냉매 우회방법은 시간주기 제상방법 보다 $2.2{\sim}6%$ 높은 평균 성능계수를 나타냈으며 고온냉매 우회방법에서는 실외기의 홴 속도가 60%일 때 가장 좋은 성능계수와 난방용량을 나타냈다.

• 청정기술
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.156-164
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 등온반응기와 단열반응기로 구성된 0.25 MW 메탄합성 파일롯 공정 실험을 통한 운전 특성을 분석하였다. 등온반응기는 메탄합성 반응을 통해 발생하는 열을 포화수의 유량과 압력을 통해 강제적으로 제어할 수 있는 반응기로 등온반응기와 단열반응기를 조합할 경우 기존 단열반응기만으로 구성된 메탄합성 공정에 비해 반응기 개수를 줄일 수 있다. 또한 합성가스 재순환이 불필요하기 때문에 단열반응기 조합으로 구성된 메탄합성 공정에서 비용의 약 15~20%를 차지하는 재순환 압축기를 제거할 수 있다. 등온반응기로 유입되는 합성가스의 $H_2$/CO 비가 3보다 낮은 경우에는 튜브에 충진된 촉매에 탄소 침적 현상이 일어나 반응기의 차압이 증가하였으며, $H_2$/CO 비가 3으로 공급되는 경우에는 탄소 침적 현상이 일어나지 않고 메탄합성 반응이 안정적으로 유지되어 CO 전환율 99% 이상, $CH_4$선택도 97% 이상, $CH_4$생산성 최대 $695ml/h{\cdot}-cat$를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2008

Purpose: In this study, we tried to compare marginal accuracy when produce ceramic crown using all ceramic materials and existent metal-ceramic system. Material and methods: All-ceramic systems were E-max (Ivoclar/Vivadent, Lichtenstein), Lava(3M, U.S.A.) and Wol-ceram(Teamziereis, Germany). Metal-ceramic system(PFG) was composed of Au-Pt alloy (Metalor, Switzerlandand) and overlying ceramic(D-sign, Ivoclar/Vivadent, Lichtenstein). We fabricated metal master die with upper diameter of 7.95mm, bottom diameter of 9.00mm, height of 5.00mm, and taper of $6^{\circ}$. All ceramic system used 0.5mm thickness ceramic coping, while metalceramic system used 0.3 thickness metal coping. By adding dentin and enamel ceramics on each coping, a crown with a proximal thickness of 1.0 mm and occlusal thickness of 2.0mm was fabricated. Pressure of 2kg was applied for 10 seconds on each crown with static load compressor. Before and after cementation, we measured the marginal gap at 4 points of each crown using optical microscope. The data was analyzed using a Student's t test and repeated-measures of analyses of variance(ANOVA) followed by a Bonferroni test. A p value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: As experiment results, marginal accuracy of wol-ceram and Lava is no good when compared with marginal accuracy of PFG. But marginal accuracy of E.max is good when compared with PFG. This result showed not significant. The marginal accuracy of E.max is good when compared with marginal accuracy of wol-ceram and Lava. Conclusion: The marginal accuracy of E.max is very good when compared with marginal accuracy of another group.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2014

In the present study, an annular combustor for a 500 W class micro gas turbine generator was designed and its characteristics were investigated by using both numerical and experimental methods. For this purpose, geometrical configurations of the annular combustor were determined in the aspect of the aerodynamic and chemical consideration. Also, fluid flow and pressure drop characteristics in the combustor were numerically studied by using commercial tool, FLUENT. Based on the numerical results, the diameter and the angle of air admission holes in the primary zone were chosen to be 2.5 mm and $30^{\circ}$, respectively. Finally, an integrated test unit, which consisted of a compressor, combustor, turbine, and motor/generator, was developed in order to measure the combustor efficiency. As the temperature difference between the combustor inlet and the turbine inlet or the air mass flow rate increased, the combustor efficiency increased and it was over 90% when the air mass flow rate was larger than 7.30 g/s. It was shown that the annular combustor developed in this study met the design requirement for a 500 W class micro gas turbine generator.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2004

본 논문은 고효율, 저전력을 갖는 PRML 디스크 드라이브 읽기 채널용 6비트, 8탭의 FIR 필터 칩을 제안한다. 제안된 필터는 병렬처리 구조를 채택하고 있으며 4단의 파이프라인으로 구성되어 있다. 곱셈 연산을 위하여 수정 부스 알고리즘을 사용하였으며 덧셈 연산을 위하여 압축회로 로직을 사용하였다. 전력 소모를 줄이기 위하여 CMOS 패스-트랜지스터 로직을 사용하였으며 싱글-레일 로직을 이용하여 칩의 면적을 감소시켰다. 제안된 필터는 실제 칩으로 구현되었으며 3.3V 전원을 공급하여 100MHz에서 120mV의 전력을 소비하고 1.88×1.38 ㎟의 면적을 차지한다. 구현된 필터는 유사 선폭의 공정을 사용한 기존구조에 비해 약 11.7%의 전력이 감소하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.123-136
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• 1992

A preliminary thermodynamic design model of two-evaporator refrigerator/freezer system is constructed. This system is based on Lorentz-Meutzner cycle using refrigerant mixtures. This model screens alternative refrigerant (R32, R125, R143a, R22, R134a, R152a, R124, R142b, R123) mixtures to select the best performance-giving refrigerant mixtures and its composition for the system. Also, it estimates the effects of cooling temperatures of intercoolers, evaporator's area ratio, cooling load ratio on the performance of the system. The COP of the system ranges from 1.4 to 1.6, which is superior to that of the single evaporator system charged with R12 by 13% to 29%. Among 15 mixtures, R22/R123, R143a/R123, R32/R142b, and R32/R124 (in the order of high COP) are most recommendable. For the case of R22/R123, R22 mass fraction more than 0.5(Load Ratio=1.0) or 0.7(Load Ratio=0.33) is recomended in order to replace R12 without reduction in volumetric capacity when keeping the compressor as the same one. COP has the highest value with X(R22)=0.7 and 0.8, respectively. For the case of R143a/R123, in the similar manner, mass fraction of R143a is more than 0.5 or 0.6 while best performance occurs at X(R143a)=0.8. Higher temperature intercooler is more important for the performance of the system than lower temperature intercooler. The area ratio of evaporators is roughly proportional to load ratio of the evaporators.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1003-1010
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 식료품의 진열과 보관에 사용되며 전시효과가 우수한 냉기 강제순환식 쇼케이스의 성능을 예측하는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 압축기의 성능해석에는 제조사에서 제공한 성능선도를 사용하였고 모세관 내 압력손실은 균질유동 모델을 사용하여 계산하였다. 증발기와 응축기는 미소체적으로 구분하여 에너지 균형을 고려하였고 관내측과 공기측 열전달계수는 적절한 상관식으로부터 구하였다. 압축기로 3/4 마력급 왕복동식 2개를 사용하고, 팽창장치로는 내경 1.6 mm의 모세관을, 응축기와 증발기로는 상호 공유형태의 핀-튜브 열교환기를 적용한 쇼케이스 시제품에 대해 성능시험을 수행하고 시험결과와 비교했을 때, 본 프로그램은 시제품의 증발 온도와 응축 온도를 적절히 예측함을 확인하였다.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2005

Since the use of CFC and HCFC refrigerants is to be restricted due to the depletion of ozone layer, this experiment applies the $NH_{3}$ gas to study the performance characteristics from the superheat control for improving the energy efficiency. The experiments are carried out for the condensing pressure of refrigeration system from 1500kPa to 1600kPa by 50kPa and for degree of superheat from $0^{circ}$ to $1^{circ}$ by $10^{circ}$ at each condensing pressure. As a result of experiment, 1) As degree of superheat increased, evaporating pressure of the compressor decreased so equilibrium temperature decreased. And specific volume of refrigerant vapors increased so refrigerant mass flow and heat load of the evaporator decreased. 2) An influence of change of condensing pressure on heat load of the evaporator was insignificant. 3) With the identical degree of superheat, change of compressed temperature was insignificant according to each condensing pressure, so there was little change in enthalpy.4) when the degree of superheat is $0^{circ}$C at each condensing pressure, the refrigeration system has the hi띤est performance.