• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.153-168
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• 2021

Purpose - In this study, we aim to explore new distribution strategies for sustainable growth in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, focusing on SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) in Korea, and suggest ways to upgrade the government's official distribution channel to the next level. Design/methodology - First of all, this paper explored the prior research, the current status of sales support for SMEs, and the changes in the distribution industry due to COVID-19 pandemic. Based on Moon (2016)'s ABCD strategic model - Agility, Benchmarking, Convergence, and Dedication, the study then derived directions in which official distribution channels should move and the new distribution strategy for Korean SMEs to secure competitive advantage. Findings - First, in terms of 'Agility', in order to upgrade official distribution channels, which are currently at some competitive disadvantages compared to private distribution companies, we must quickly introduce technologies for the 4th industrial revolution, such as AI, Big Data, etc., and establish precise strategies to strengthen the capabilities of SMEs. Second, in terms of 'Benchmarking', the use of "Chamelezones" has been increasing to enhance the competitiveness of offline stores in line with recent ontact trends. Therefore, official distribution channels should also benchmark such cases, strengthening their competitiveness by utilizing offline spaces more efficiently and effectively. Third, in terms of 'Convergence', in line with the rapidly changing trend of the times, official distribution channels should also promote active partnerships with media commerce, e-commerce and ICT platforms, as well as cooperation with private retailers, and focus on creating synergy effects through them. Finally, from the perspective of 'Dedication', digitalization should be promoted step by step, finding the sector that can accelerate digital among the value chains of official distribution channels, and continuing to discuss how to digitize it realistically. Originality/value - Based on this analysis, we have presented strategies and implications for innovating official distribution channels for SMEs, which will contribute to enhancing the competitive advantage of official distribution channels in the post COVID-19 pandemic era.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-36
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• 2006

Objectives . The aim of this study was to examine the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) at the ST36 on normal humans by using power spectral analysis. Methods : EEG(Electroencephalogram) power spectral exhibits site-specific and state-related differences in specific frequency bands. In this study, power spectrum was used as a measure of complexity. 32 channel EEG study was carried out in 12 subjects (10 males; age=26.7 years old, 2females; age=28 years old). Results ; In ${\alpha}$ (alpha) band, the power values at Fp2, F7, F3, Fz, FTC1, FTC2, T3, C3, Cz, C4, TT1, TCP1, CP1, CP2,T5, P3, Pz, P4, Po1, Po2, O1, Oz,O2 channels(p<0.05) during the ST36-acupoint treatment were significantly increased. In ${\beta}$ (beta) band, the power values at Fp2, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, FTC1, FTC2, T3, C3, Cz, C4, TT1, TCP1, CP1, CP2, T5, P3, Pz, P4, Po1, Po2, O1, Oz, O2 channels(p<0.05) during the ST36-acupoint treatment were significantly decreased. In ${\delta}$ (delta) band, the power values at F7, Fz, T3, C3, TT1, TCP1, CP1, CP2, T5, P3, Pz,T6, Po1, PO2,O1, Oz, O2 channels(p<0.05) during the ST36-acupoint treatment were significantly decreased. In ${\theta}$(theta) band, the power values at F7, Fz, FTC1, T3, TCP1, CP2, TCP2, Po1, Po2 channels(p<0.05) during the ST36-acupoint treatment were significantly decreased. ${\alpha}$/${\beta}$ values at Cz, T5, O1, Oz, O2 channels during the ST36-acupoint treatment were increased. ${\beta}$/${\theta}$ values at Fpl, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, FTC1, FTC2, T3, C3, C4, T4, TT1, TCP1, TCP2, TT2, P3, P4, T6, Pol channels during the ST36-acupoint treatment were increased. Conclusions : This results suggest that Electroacupuncture at the ST36 mostly affects the charge on alpha(23 channels), beta(25 channels) bands.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.301-309
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• 2000

The purpose of our investigation was to examine the effects of prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}\;(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ on membrane potentials, $Ca^{2+}-activated\;K^+\;(K_{Ca})$ channels, and delayed rectifier $K^+(K_V)$ channels using the patch-clamp technique in single rabbit middle cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells. $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ significantly hyperpolarized membrane potentials and increased outward whole-cell K currents. $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ increased open-state probability of $K_{Ca}$ channels without the change of the open and closed kinetics. $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ increased the amplitudes of $K_V$ currents with a leftward shift of activation and inactivation curves and a decrease of activation time constant. Our results suggest that the activation of $K_{Ca}$ and $K_V$ channels, at least in part, may lead to attenuate or counteract vasoconstriction by $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ in middle cerebral artery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.729-742
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• 2023

This two-part study explores the changes in the types of perceived value and consumption channels for vintage clothing and the relationship between the two variables. In Study 1, we used text mining with the keyword "fashion+vintage." Emotional value was the most frequently mentioned, and environmental value increased the most. We also revealed an increasing trend in online channels for vintage clothing consumption. In Study 2, we analyzed 30 interviews with consumers who had purchased vintage clothing through online channels. We identified 7 attributes and 20 goals for vintage consumption online and pinpointed three strong connections. First, consumers reported high levels of service satisfaction due to the usefulness of algorithms. Second, the authenticity and heritage information available through online and mobile channels were associated with consumers' perceptions of value related to financial benefits. Third, consumers sought to find rare products through online channels, leading to a strong influence on their sense of achievement. Overall, this study proposed ways to increase the value of vintage clothing perceived by consumers through consumption online.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.149-155
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• 2004

Newly developed modal transmission-line theory(MTLT) is used to analyze rigorously the optical power distribution in grating-assisted directional couplers(GADCs) with three guiding channels. By defining a novel coupling efficiency ${\eta}$ amenable to the rigorous analytical solutions of modal transmission-line theory, we explicitly evaluate the power coupling and distribution of TM modes. The results reveal that the incident power is sensitively partitioned through three output channels in terms of such grating parameters as the grating period, the duty cycle, and the operating wavelength.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.305-318
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) at an acupoint, HT8(Sobu), on normal humans by using power spectral analysis. We examined the effect on the Heart Rate Variability(HRV), and the balance of the autonomic nervous system. Methods : Thirty-two healthy volunteers participated in this study. EEG(Electroencephalogram) power spectrum exhibits site-specific and state-related differences in specific frequency bands. A thirty-two channel EEG study was carried out on thirty-two subjects(14 males; mean age=23.5 years old, 18 females; mean age=21.5 years old). HRV and EEG were simultaneously recorded before and after acupuncture. Results : In the ${\alpha}$(alpha) band, during the HT8-acupoint treatment, the power values in the ${\alpha}$(alpha) band significantly decreased(p<0.05) at 28 channels. In the ${\beta}$(beta) band significantly decreased(p<0.05) at 26 channels. In ${\delta}$(delta) band significantly decreased(p<0.05) at 18 channels. In ${\theta}$(theta) band significantly decreased(p<0.05) at 20 channels. ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ values were increased at 6 channels and decreased at 10 channels.${\beta}/{\theta}$ values were increased at 10 channels and decreased at 19 channels. Mean-RR(RR-interval), Complexity, RMSSD(Root mean square of successive differences), SDSD(Standard deviations differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals), norm HF showed a significantly increased and mean-HRV, norm LF, LHR(LF/HF Ratio) showed a significantly decreased after HT8-acupoint treatment(p<0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that EA at the HT8 mostly causes significant changes on alpha(28 channels), beta(26 channels), delta(18 channels), theta(20 channels) bands and mean-HRV, mean-RR, complexity, RMSSD, SDSD, norm LF, norm HF and LHR. If practicing EA at the HT8, it will regulate the function of the cerebral cortex, decrease activity of the sympathetic and increase parasympathetic nervous activity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.545-553
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• 2020

Aripiprazole is a quinolinone derivative approved as an atypical antipsychotic drug for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It acts as with partial agonist activities at the dopamine D2 receptors. Although it is known to be relatively safe for patients with cardiac ailments, less is known about the effect of aripiprazole on voltage-gated ion channels such as transient A-type K⁺ channels, which are important for the repolarization of cardiac and neuronal action potentials. Here, we investigated the effects of aripiprazole on Kv1.4 currents expressed in HEK293 cells using a whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Aripiprazole blocked Kv1.4 channels in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC₅₀ value of 4.4 μM and a Hill coefficient of 2.5. Aripiprazole also accelerated the activation (time-to-peak) and inactivation kinetics. Aripiprazole induced a voltage-dependent (δ = 0.17) inhibition, which was use-dependent with successive pulses on Kv1.4 currents without altering the time course of recovery from inactivation. Dehydroaripiprazole, an active metabolite of aripiprazole, inhibited Kv1.4 with an IC₅₀ value of 6.3 μM (p < 0.05 compared with aripiprazole) with a Hill coefficient of 2.0. Furthermore, aripiprazole inhibited Kv4.3 currents to a similar extent in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC₅₀ value of 4.9 μM and a Hill coefficient of 2.3. Thus, our results indicate that aripiprazole blocked Kv1.4 by preferentially binding to the open state of the channels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.559-569
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• 2004

The present study attempts to identify the differences in consumer information source, shopping orientation, and store image in the purchase of cosmetics in adult women at the age of 20 or more according to the distributions channels: department stores, specialty stores, discount stores and direct mails. From October 3 to 13, a survey was conducted to 1,200 adult women who visited each channel and who would understand the purpose of this study and complete the questionnaire. 300 sheets were distributed to each of the channels under investigation, and a total of 1,116 questionaaires were used in the final analysis. Using the statistical package, SPSS WIN 10.0, factor analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan's post-hoc test were carried out. The result are as follows: 1. There was a difference in the demographical characteristics of the consumers according to the distribution channels for cosmetics. 2. There was a differen co in the shopping orientations of the consumers according to the distribution channels for cosmetics. 3. There was a difference in the information sources of the consumers according to the distribution channels for cosmetics. 4. There was a difference in the store images perceived by the consumers according to the distribution channels for cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.33A no.11
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• pp.140-151
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• 1996

In this study, we designed the routing structure and logic block of a SRAM cell-based FPGA with symmetrical-array architecture. The designed routing structure is composed of switch matrices, routing channels and I/O blocks, and the routing channels can be subdivided into single length channels, double length channels and global length channels. The interconnection between wires is made through SRAM cell-controlled pass transistors. To reduce the signal delay in pass transistors, we proposed a scheme raising the gate-control voltage to 7V. The designed SRAM cells have built-in shift register capability, so there is no need for separate shift registers. We designed SRAM cells in the LUTs(look-up tables) to enable the wirte operations to be performed synchronously with the clock for ease of system application. Each logic block (LFU) has four 4-input LUTs, flip-flops and other gates, and the LUTs can be used a sSRAM memory. The LFU also has a dedicated carry logic, so a 4-bit adder can be implemented in one LFU. We designed our FPGA using 0.6.mu.m CMOS technology, and simulation shows proper operation of a 4 bit counter at 100MHz.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.101-128
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• 1992

How to distribute fisheries catches from producer to consumer is very important for everybody joined fisheries marketing channels (FMC), because most people are influenced their revenue and expenditure through marketing channels. Many institutions in Korea after 1960's have tried to develop the rationalization of FMC, but they have not gotten the satisfactory results in general in spite of a lot fruits. Comparing with general manufacturing industry, the fisheries industry has some specializations in the marketing channels. It makes them unique structure included wholesale market system similiar to fresh (perishable) food market with expertised technology. Wholesale market collects, distributes the fisheries catches and evaluates in by auction or bidding without consideration of producer's opinion. It is very necessary institution to make a decision to equatible price for fresh food and to play an important role for marketing effectiveness with minimum total transation and with massed reserve among institutions. But it has two weak points to increase the marketing cost and to make products bad fresh (perishable). Therefore, both Producer and consumer want to find the direct channels not to pass through wholesale market and to get more profit. I wanted to explain what problems of traditional FMC are and why the direct channel is necessary as follows in this paper. Chapter II : The types and specialization of FMC Chapter III : The structure and problem of fisheries wholesale market channel Chapter IV Marketing cost of FMC and direct channel I suggested when the direct channel in FMC is designed, new planner must carry out marketing functions which are performanced by wholesaler, middle man and the joined members of auction at wholesale market. In view of consumption area, these functions are : (1) the finding of production partner to make a business ; (2) communication of information ; (3) collecting ; (4) distribution ; (5) selecting and grading ; (6) evaluating ; (7) financing and payment ; (8) organization, in view of consumption area. The government must support also the group or individual of new direct channels to succeed it with (1) furnishing of market information (2) supplying of land and facility (3) financing (4) feed-back of dierct channels totally (5) making an opportunity of communication between producer and consumer. I want to emphasize again wholesale market is necessary and important institution for equatible price of fresh food in spite of the its weak points. At the same time. the direct channels are necessary to reduce the marketing cost and to keep better fresh food.