• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.276-282
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• 1993

This study has been undertaken to examine the effect of 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) on rat uterine growth and to understand the mechanism of action of 3MC in rat uterus. After diethylstilbesterol(DES) or tamoxifen(TAM) or 3MC or DES plus TAM or DES plus 3MC was administered into immature female rats, uterine weight over corn oil-treated uteri. 3MC treatment had no effect on uterine weight but, DES stimulated uterine weight was inhibited by 3MC concomitant tratment. While TAM alone treatment showed slight increase in uterine wieght, inhibited uterine growth simulated by DES when it was adiministrated with DES condirect binding assay with $[^3H]$ estradiol and the relative binding affinities of 3MC and TAM were estimated by competetion assy. Estradiol tumed out to have high affinity for rat uterine estrogen receptor (kd = 0.4 nM). The relative binding affinities of TAM and 3MC were 1% and 4.7% that of DES for rat uterine estrogen receptor, respectively. 3MC was shown to have similar affinity for eat uterine estrogen receptor to that of TAM. Effects of DES 3MC and TAM administration in vivo on rat uterine estrogen recptor level were examined. It was confirmed that the estrogen, DES and antiestrogen, TAM decreased estrogen receptor levels from rat ulterus and also 3MC decreased rat uterine estrogen receptor level when rats were treated with DES, TAM and 3MC in vivo. Data indicates that 3MC acts as an antiestrogen mediated through estrogen receptor system.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.307-317
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• 2003

준동기 이동위성 리턴링크에서 MC-CDMA와 MC-DS/CDMA 시스템의 성능을 분석한다. 단말 사이의 칩 옵셋이 수 칩 이내인 준동기가 고려되었다. Walsh 코드를 사용한 MC-DS/CDMA 시스템은 준동기 ±0.5 T/sub c/, MC-CDMA 시스템 준동기 ±5/64 T/sub c//sup MC/ 상황하에서 사용자가 5명인 경우 MC-CDMA 시스템의 성능에 비해 10-3 BER에서 0.3dB 우수하였다. Walsh 코드를 사용한 MC-DS/CDMA은 extended m코드, gold 코드를 사용할 때와 비교하여 0.2dB 이상 성능이 우수하였다. Walsh 코드를 사용한 MC-CDMA 시스템은 사용자가 5명인 경우 준동기 ±5/32T/sub c//sup MC/ 이하이면 gold 코드에 비해서 성능이 1.2dB 이상 우수하였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.587-594
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• 1998

In order to understand the mechanism if the regulation of CYP 1A1 gene expression and ethoxyresorufin deethylase (EROD) activity in ex vivo system, we have studied the action of TCDD and 3MC in the isolated perfused female rat liver. CYP1A1 mRNA level and EROD activity were measured in rat liver that was isolated and perfused with various chemicals such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), 17$\beta$-estradiol (E$_2$), morin. TCDD or 3MC alone perfusion into female rat liver resulted in increase of CYP 1A1 mRNA level and the magnitude of stimulation was six times higher with TCDD treatment than 3MC treatment. However E$_2$ perfusion into female rat liver showed inhibition of CYP 1A1 mRNA level. When 10$^{-8}$ M E$_2$ was administered concomitantly with either 10$^{-9}$ M TCDD or 10$^{-9}$ M 3MC, stimulated CYP 1A1 mRNA by either TCDD or 3MC was inhibited. Morin was examined for its effects on CYP 1A1 mRNA level and result was similar to that was observed with estrogen. EROD activity was also stimulated with either TCDD or 3MC perfusion, and the magnitude of EROD stiumlation was smaller than that of CYP 1A1 mRNA stimulation in response to TCDD or 3MC perfusion. Unlike CYP1A1 mRNA level, stimulation of EROD activity was greater with 3MC than TCDD. Concomitant perfusion either E$_2$ or morin with TCDD or 3MC inhibited 3MC perfusion or TCDD perfusion stimulated EROD activity. These data suggested that TCDD and 3MC might act diffrently in terms of regulation of CYP 1A1 gene expression in rat liver.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

준동기 이동 위성 리턴링크에서 MC-CDMA와 MC-DS/CDMA 시스템의 성능을 분석한다. 각 사용자 단말의 리턴링크간 동기가 수 칩 이내인 준동기를 고려하였다. MC-DS/DMA와 MC-DS/CDMA의 송신 신호는 정포락선 신호가 아니기 때문에 송신 증폭기의 비선형성에 의한 왜곡을 받게 된다. MC-CDMA 시스템은 Walsh 코드를 이용해 주파수 영역 확산을 하기 때문에 증폭기 입력신호레벨이 MC-DS/CDMA 시스템에 비해서 낮게 되어 사용자 수가 1명인 경우 증폭기 입력 backoff가 0dB일 때는 2.3dB, 증폭기 입력 backoff가 6dB일 때는 1dB 성능이 우수하였다. 그러나 준동기 AWGN 채널에서 사용자 수가 증가하게 되면 MC-DS/CDMA 시스템이 많은 수의 부 반송파를 사용하는 MC-CDMA 시스템에 비해서 간섭량이 적어 성능이 매우 우수하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.351-357
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• 1998

In order to understand the mechanism of the regulation of CYPIAI gene expression and ethoxy-resorufin deethylase (EROD) activity in ex vivo system, we have studied the action of TCDD and 3MC in theisolated perfused male rat liver. CYPIAI myNA level and EROD activity were measured in rat liver that wasisolated and perfused with va.ious chemicals such as 2,3,7,8-tet.achlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 3-methyl-cholanthrene (3MC), $17{\beta}$-est.adios ($E_2$), morin. TCDD or 3MC alone perfusion into male rat liver resulted in increase of CYPIAI mRNA level and the magnitude of stimulation was one and half times higher with TCDD treatment than 3MC treatment. However $E_2$ perfusion into male rat liver showed slight stimulation of CYPIAI mRNA level. When $10_{-8}$ M $E_2$ was perfused concomitantly with either $10_{-9}$ M TCDD or $10_{-9}$ M 3MC, stimulated CYPIAI mRNA by either TCDD or 3MC was inhibited. Morin was examined for its effects on CYPIAI mRNA level and result was similar to that was observed with estrogen except that morin alone did not change the level of CYPIAI mRNA. EROD activity was also stimulated with either TCDD or 3MC perfusion, and the magnitude of EROD stiumlation was similar to that of CYPIAI mRNA stimulation in response to TCDD or 3MC perfusion. This data is different from the data that we have obtained with female rat liver. Concomitant perfusion either $E_2$ or morin with TCDD or 3MC inhibited 3MC perFusion or TCDD perfusion stimulated EROD activity. These data confirm the hypothesis that TCDD and 3MC might act through the same mechanism of action on the regulation of CYPIAI gene expression in male rat liver.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1996

이스라엘 잉어에 있어서 carbamate계 살충제 carbofuran의 독성에 미치는 phenobarbital sodium(PB) 또는 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)의 영향과 작용기작을 효소적 측면에서 구명할 목적으로 carbofuran과 PB나 3-MC를 이스라엘 잉어에 각 조합으로 처리하여 독성경감 효과를 조사하였고, 공시한 농약과 PB나 MC가 acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glutathione S-transferase(GST), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(UDPGT) 및 cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase(monooxygenase)의 효소활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 carbofuran과 PB나 3-MC를 각각 조합으로 처리한 후 경시적으로 이스라엘 잉어의 각 효소들의 상대활성도를 조사하였다. PB와 3-MC만 투여한 실험군에서 이스라엘 잉어의 생존수는 무처리군과 동일하였고 살충제만 처리한 실험군의 이스라엘 잉어 생존수는 처리농도가 증가하면서 감소되었으나, PB나 3-MC와 살충제를 조합처리한 실험군에서는 살충제만 처리한 실힘군에 비하여 매우 높은 생존율을 나타낸 것으로 보아 해독효과가 인정 되었다. 효소활성(in vivo)은 AChE의 경우 carbofuran 0.95 ppm만을 처리한 실험군에서는 24시간내내 각 조사시기마다 무처리군에 비해 40% 이상의 활성저해를 보였으나 carbofuran과 PB 및 3-MC를 조합처리한 실험군에서는 효소활성이 초기에 감소하다가 서서히 증가하여 24시간후에는 무처리군과 비슷한 수준을 나타냈고, GST의 경우 carbofuran만을 처리한 실험군에서는 초기에 약 20% 이상의 활성저해를 보였으나 carbofuran과 PB나 3-MC를 조합처리한 실험군에서는 약제처리 1시간 후 부터 무처리군에 비해 효소활성이 20% 이상 증가하였다. UDPGT와 monooxygenase의 효소활성은 carbofuran과 PB나 3-MC를 조합처리한 실험에서 처리 $6{\sim}12$시간 후에는 carbofuran 처리군에 비해 효소활성이 $4{\sim}8$배 이상 급격히 높아졌다. 이상의 결과에서 PB 및 3-MC처리가 이들 효소의 활성을 유도함으로써 carbofuran의 독성으로 부터 이스라엘 잉어를 보호 하는데 관여한 것으로 보인다.

• 구강생물연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.187-197
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• 2018

Chemical agents such as minocycline (MC) and citric acid (CA) were suggested in the treatment of contaminated implant surface. In this study, MC-HCl treatment was performed to enhance surface characteristics of titanium alloy surface. The purpose of this study was to assess the characteristics and the biocompatibility of Ti-6Al-4V surface treated by MC. Alpha-beta titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) samples were prepared and they were divided into 6 groups according to chemical concentration and treatment time. These groups include 1) group I, non-treated smooth titanium alloy; 2) group II, MC 1.5 mg/mL for 1 hour; 3) group III, MC 1.5 mg/mL for 24 hours; 4) group IV, MC 15 mg/mL for 10 minutes; 5) group V, MC 100 mg/mL for 5 minutes; 6) group VI, pH1 CA for 3 minutes. The analysis of the surface characteristics of MC-treated titanium alloy was executed using scanning electron microscopy, roughness test, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cell adhesion and MTT assay was done using MC3T3 cell. Titanium surfaces treated with MC indicated a more smoothened surface microstructure. For group II and III, the new peaks of rutile TiO2 were found. Group II and V have more basic group of Ti-OH form in XPS. In MTT assay, all MC-treated groups showed significantly higher cell viability compared to control. The surface roughness, crystal structure, surface hydrophilicity, cell viability of smooth titanium surface was improved by MC treatment. Compared with the control experiment and CA-treated group, smooth titanium surface treated with MC showed improved surface characteristics and cell biocompatibility.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2002

쥐에서 carbofuran 대사에 미치는 phenobarbital sodium (PB) 또는 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 쥐에 이들을 단독 또는 조합으로 경구투여한 후 일정 간격으로 쥐의 주요 장기, 대변, 소변 및 혈액 중 대사산물의 종류와 생성율을 조사하였다. Carbofuran 단독투여와 carbofuran과 PB 또는 3-MC 조합투여 모두 경구투여 후 48시간 이내에 빠르게 배설되어 $^{14}C$-carbofuran 총 투여량의 79.9$\sim$81.1%가 소변으로, 5.7$\sim$6.5%가 대변으로 배설되었는데, 배설속도는 carbofuran 단독투여 보다 carbofuran과 PB 또는 3-MC 조합투여에서 빨랐다. 쥐의 주요 장기, 대소변 및 혈액 중의 carbofuran의 대사산물은 공통적으로 3-hydroxycarbofuran, 3-ketorarbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran phenol, 3-ketocarbofuran phenol과 carbofuran phenol이었고, 주요 대사산물은 3-hydroxycarbofuran과 3-ketocarbofuran이었는데, 주요 대사산물의 경우 carbofuran만의 투여에서는 3-hydroxycarbofuran이었으나 carbofuran과 PB 또는 3-MC 조합투여는 3-ketocarbofuran이었다. 소변 중 carbofuran의 2가지 주 대사산물의 생성율은 carbofuran 단독투여시 3-hydroxycarbofuran 17.4%와 3-ketocarbofuran 12.8%이었고, carbofuran과 PB 또는 3-MC 조합투여시 3-hydroxycarbofuran 8.6%와 3-ketocarbofuran 23.5%로서, carbofuran 단독투여와 carbofuran과 PB 또는 3-MC 투여사이에 대사산물의 종류는 같았으나 생성율에는 큰 차이가 있었다. 이와 같은 결과는 쥐에 carbofuran 투여 후 PB나 3-MC를 투여함으로써 carbofuran의 대사가 빠르게 이루어지고, 주 대사산물 중3-hydroxycarbofuran보다 독성 이 낮은 3-ketocarbofuran으로의 대사가 빠르게 이루어지기 때문에 carbofuran의 독성이 경감되어 쥐가 생존할 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2005

Background. 5-(and-6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester mixed (CFSE) is the fluorescent labelling agent of living cells and used to trace the cells in vivo after transplatnation of various cells. The CFSE labelled cells can maintain fluorescence for up to 7 days after labelling. The MC3T3-E1 cell line (MC3T3) has been used for many studies about osteoblast, which is well known as a mouse preosteoblast. So the CFSE would be used to trace the transplanted MC3T3. However there are few reports about CFSE labelling of MC3T3. This study is aimed to know about adequate concenturation and incubation time of CFSE to MC3T3. Materials and methods. The MC3T3 was incubated in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air with 5% $CO_2$ at $37^{\circ}C$ using ${\alpha}$-minimal essential medium (${alpha}$-MEM) containing10% FBS and gentamycin. Ten mM CFSE solution in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO: 1%) was diluted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and final concentration of culture medium was, respectively, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ${{\mu}M$. Then the MC3T3 was incubated with CFSE in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air with 5% $CO_2$ at $37^{\circ}C$ for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 minutes in each concentration. The fluorescence of CFSE labelled cells was analysed with a inverted fluorescence microscope. The duration of cell labelling was also studied. Trypan blue dye exclusion test was done for cell viability. Results. For concentration between 5 and 10 ${\mu}M$, CFSE did not significantly label the MC3T3 in vitro. The destruction of MC3T3 was observed at the concentration of 20 ${\mu}M$. In the concentration of 15 ${\mu}M$, the best labelling was obtained at an incubation period between 15 and 30 minutes. The MC3T3 labelled with an incubation period of 15 minutes at 15 ${\mu}M$ was still fluorescent 7 days after CFSE labelling. The mean cell viability was 95.93%. Conclusion. These results suggests an incubation period of 15 minutes at 15 ${\mu}M$ of CFSE provides best labelling of MC3T3 in vitro.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2004

In order to understand the mechanism of the regulation of drug metabolizing enzyme gene expression, we have studied the induction of CYP1A1 and GSTα, μ, π enzymes in Japanese monkey and rhesus monkey after the treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) and di-n- butyl phthalate (DBP) and bisphenol A (BPA). The levels of mRNA were measured_by RT-PCR in brain, intestine and liver. In the case of adult monkey, treatment with 3MC induced CYP1A1 mRNA in brain by 2-fold. The treatment with DBP induced CYP1A1 mRNA. Effects of 3MC and DBP on GST mRNA expression was not clear. But GSTμ was slightly inhibited by the treatment with 3MC and DBP. GSTα was not induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP in brain. GSTπ was slightly induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP in brain. In the case of fetus monkey, the basal levels of fetus CYP1A1 mRNA and GSTs mRNA were relatively low compared to adult monkey. As the age of monkey increased, the basal levels of CYP1A1 mRNA were also increased. 3MC induced the expression of CYP1A1 mRNA in liver, whereas it didn't significantly induce CYP1A1 mRNA in brain. The levels of GSTμ and GSTα were not changed by the treatment with 3MC and DBP. GSTπ was slightly induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP.