• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.69-80
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• 2023

Carbon neutrality in agriculture can be derived from systematic GHG reduction policies based on quantitative environmental impact analysis of GHG-emitting activities. This study is to explore how to advance the calculation of carbon emissions from agricultural activities to the detailed spatial level to a spatial Tier 3 level (Tier 2.5 level), methodologically beyond the Tier 2 approach. To estimate the GHG emissions beyond the Tier 2.5 level by region for detailed spatial units, we constructed available activity data on carbon emission impact factors such as rice cultivation, agricultural land use, and livestock. We also built and verified detailed data on emission activities at the field level through field surveys. The GHG emissions were estimated by applying the latest national emission factors and regional emission factors according to the IPCC 2019 GL based on the field-level activity data. This study has significance that it explored ways to build activity data and calculate GHG emissions through statistical data and field surveys based on parcels, one of the smallest spatial units for regional carbon reduction strategies. It is expected that by utilizing the activity data surveyed for each field and the emission factor considering the activity characteristics, it will be possible to improve the accuracy of GHG emission calculation and quantitatively evaluate the effect of applying reduction policies.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.23-29
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• 2002

The design of data processing of GIS requires efficient method with analysis procedure. This system is easy to be used and managed for presenting route according to conditions as a graphic user interface environmental window system by applying three tiers based object-oriented method. The tier of data is in charge of a class for the exchange, extraction and conservation of data between GeoMedia and application tiers. A route selection algorithm was applied to application tiers, considering all conditions which are necessary for the route selection between a beginning point and an end point, and it was added by module such as data handing, road condition, buffering, clothoid and AHP to select the alternative route followed by new condition. The user tier can express the data acquired by an application tier. Thus three tiers based architecture was presented by implementing design of GIB data processing for its efficiency.

• The Journal of Information Technology and Database
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2000

The World-Wide-Web have many advantages as a front-end of database systems. Hence in Internet applications, such as E-Commerce systems, the requirements for Web-based database applications have been increasing. In this work we propose a framework for java-based Web database applications-JaWAF(Java-based Web Application Framework). JaWAF has the 3-tier architecture of Client/Server, and consists of database gateway, application server, and communication and message component. When this framework is applied to the database applications developments, it can provide advantages, such as ease understanding and fast implementations of the Web applications. Thus we can build 3-tier Web-based database application systems with high scalability and distributed processing capability. Database gateway in JaWAF works as a daemon process that connects to the database systems and waits for requests from clients, and supports state-oriented service between clients and database servers. Hence the performance of Web applications could be increasing.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.12-18
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• 2010

This paper reviews commercial wind mapping services provided by the oversea consulting companies, AL-PRO and anemos in Germany, AWS Truepower and 3TIER in USA. They provide quick-to-use but essential dataset for a preliminary assessment before commencing an actual feasibility study for wind farm development. Details of wind mapping method, mapresolution, data extraction height, price and so forth are compared and fresh service contents such as site analysis report are drawn from the comparison. Despite its public service, the objective value of the Renewable Energy Resource Map System of Korea Instistute of Energy Research is also confirmed and it is anticipated that the drawn new content idea will be ported to the system to enrich its applicability.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.255-258
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• 2007

WLCG/EGEE project has a main goal of providing application scientists with access to a geographically distributed computing Grid infrastructure. Currently, WLCG/EGEE infrastructure is the world's largest Grid infrastructure, providing over 20,000 CPUs and about 3 PB disk at 200 international sites and used by over 9 application domains including LHC experiments from high-energy physics. This paper addresses the design and construction of WLCG/EGEE tier-2 propelled by international collaboration with EGEE-II project.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.315-323
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• 2000

과거 PC 통신 환경 상에서 제공되었던 텍스트 위주의 명령에 기초한 데이터베이스 서비스를 사용자의 정보 접근이 용이한 멀티미디어 웹에 기초한 데이터베이스 서비스로 전환이 이루어지도록 하고자 한다. 따라서 사용자는 인터넷에 기반을 둔 웹서비스를 통해 통합 데이터베이스로부터 유용한 정보를 빠르고 용이하게 접근 가능하도록 하고, 정보 제공자는 기존 정보의 사장을 막고 새로운 정보의 추가와 시스템 확장을 용이할 수 있는 플랫폼을 가질 수 있다. 현재 서비스 중인 타 IP 제공자들이 GUI환경의 웹서비스로 전환하는 하기 위한 모델링의 역할을 할 수 있으며, lava 서블릿을 이용한 3-Tier 시스템의 구현으로 기존의 데이타베이스 뿐만 아니라 타 데이타베이스까지 수용할 수 있는 데이터베이스 뱅크 역할을 할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.59-67
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• 2009

Since 1990s, we have achieved a certain level of success in standardization of design, construction, and material on housing and public buildings with the national-level promotion. A practical connecting device that can synthesize all the serial processes is required to maximize the effect of construction material standardization. However, desired outcome of the standardization is not achieved yet because these serial standards and notification practices are decided by each part of the process and some are congested. In this study, we aim to improve a general organizational system of Korean Industrial Standard (KS) which is the most fundamental tool for the standardization of construction materials moving from a conventional idea that the standard is only for the material and components producers to a concept that can also be shared by the designers and construction workers. To achieve this, we propose an improvement plan for the Korean Industrial Standard in the perspective of three-tier classification system.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.145-152
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• 2001

The development of distributed databases using a distributed object technology is more popular than ever before because the current computer system environment is adaptable for a use as well as the cost of the integration of legacy systems is cheaper than making a new application. In schools, development of an integrated system consisted of many stand-alone databases give a teacher and an administrator the convenience of managing the database in a school and the ease integration of data in it. Therefore, this research is to design and implement the 3-tier distributed database using CORBA, Java and JDBC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.57-59
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• 1999

온라인 네트워크 게임은 인터넷을 이용하여 동시에 수백명 이상이 접속하여 게임을 즐길 수 있으므로 초고속 통신망의 실현이후 고부가가치를 창출하는 미래 핵심 산업으로 각광받을 전망이다. 그러나, 서버에 접속하는 사용자의 수가 크게 증가함에 따라 나타나는 많은 문제점들이 발생하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 네트웍 게임 서버의 구조적 단점을 보완한 3-tier 방식의 분산 네트웍 게임 서버를 설계하고 구현하였다. 이 시스템은 클라이언트/서버 모델의 2-tier방식을 적용한 서버에서 각 서버간의 통신, 데이터 공유에 대한 문제 등을 해결하기 위하여 3-tier바식을 적용하여 구현되었다. 또한 각 서버의 접속자나 이동되는 데이터를 모니터링하는 미들웨어 시스템을 구현하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.1B
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• pp.55-63
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• 2003

Conventional command-based communication services are rapidly substituted by multimedia web-based communication services at most recent times As the result, many valuable database and services that were developed by investing lots of human and material resources become to be useless Therefore in this paper we researched the methodologies and techniques for designing and implementing a multimedia web-based database system that made users easily access to database and services by updating the conventional command-based database services.