• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.339-343
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• 2003

We studied the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) on the adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells by insulin. In the 10 days of culture with insulin, the fat cells exhibited the increased and larger intracytoplasmic lipid droplets. In contrast, the levels of triglyceride(TG), a marker of adipose conversion, were decreased. However, the levels of glucose were decreased in the adipose conversion. In addition, levels of cholesterol were decreased in the differentiated 3T3-L1 cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.649-655
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• 2005

Nutrigenomics refers to research that investigates the interaction between nutrition and the human genome. Caffeine in tea and coffee is widely and routinely consumed by people. This study was performed to confirm the effect of caffeine treatment on the gene expression and cytokine profiling in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells using microarray and protein array methodology. Treatment of caffeine in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells increased expression of several genes related with obesity including adipocyte C1Q and collagen domain containing (ACDC), Adipsin (ADN), uncoupling protein 3(UCP3), while glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which is known as lipid storage enzyme, was decreased by caffeine treatment. Furthermore, cytokines, such as interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-12(IL-12), interleukin-13 (IL-13), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were decreased in caffeine treated 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. These results provided interesting information about the genes related with caffeine and cytokine expression profiling in obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.533-539
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• 2004

It has been reported that CLA decreases fat deposition in vivo and in vitro experiments. Among CLA isomers, c9t11 and t10c12 have been shown to exert active biological activities. For example, t10c12 reduces body weight and increases lean body mass, whereas, c9t11 has little effect on body fattness. However, the underlying molecular mechanism for the anti-obesity action of CLA isomers are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of t10c12 and c9t11 on lipid accumulation, cell proliferation, cell death and the expression levels of Ucp genes which are proposed as targets for anti-obesity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Isomers of CLA at 50$\mu$M were added into preadipocyte differentiation medium for 3, 6 and 9days. Control cells received only the vehicle in the differentiation medium. Cytochemical analyses for lipid accumulation, cell proliferation and apotosis were carried out to compare lipidogenesis and cellular activity. RT-PCR analysis of GAPDH, Ucp 2,3 and 4 were also performed to find any modulatory effects of CLA isomers on the metabolic genes. Lipid accumulation indicated by Oil Red-O staining was inhibited in CLA isomers as compared to the control. T10c12 isomer showed less lipidogenesis than c9t11 did. A decrease occurred in CLA isomers as shown by BrdU incorporation. Apotosis has occured at higher level in t10c12 when compared to that of t9c11. Ucp 2, 3 and 4 genes were also upregulated in CLA isomers. T10c12 showed higher level of Ucp gene expressions than the c9t11 did. The biological activities of CLA isomers were also found to be different during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, suggesting that different isomers may be active in certain stage of lipidogenesis. The results indicate that both c9t11 and t10c12 CLA isomers decrease lipidogenesis, inhibit cell proliferation, increase cell death and upregulate in Ucp gene expressions during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. T10c12 isomer was more effective than c9t11 in overall anti-obesity activity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1043-1055
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The fruit of Cydonia oblonga Miller (COM) is used traditionally in Mediterranean region medicine to prevent or treat obesity, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. Beyond a demonstrated anti-obesity effect, the fruit was tested for the mechanism of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured for 8 days with COM fruit extract (COME) at different concentrations (0-600 ㎍/mL) with adipocyte differentiation medium. The cell viability was measured using an MTT assay; triglyceride (TG) was stained with Oil Red O. The expression levels of the adipogenesis-related genes and protein expression were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: COME inhibited intracellular TG accumulation during adipogenesis. A COME treatment in 3T3-L1 cells induced upregulation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α phosphorylation and downregulation of the adipogenic transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α. The COME treatment reduced the mRNA expression of fatty acyl synthetase, adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase, adipocyte protein 2, and lipoprotein lipase. It increased the mRNA expression of hormone-sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in 3T3-L1 cells. CONCLUSIONS: COME inhibits adipogenesis via the AMPK signaling pathways. COME may be used to prevent and treat obesity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2012

이소플라본 genistein이 마우스 전지방 3T3-L1세포주의 성장과 지방세포형성과정에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 그 결과, 마우스 전지방 3T3-L1 세포주의 성장이 처리한 genistein 농도 의존적으로 저해되었다. 또한, Oil Red O 염색에 의하여 50 ${\mu}M$ genistein 처리에 의해 지방세포형성과정이 억제됨을 확인하였다. 이러한 genistein에 의한 지방세포성장 억제효과의 분자생물학적 기전을 연구하기 위하여, oligo DNA 마이크로어레이 실험을 수행하였다. 발현이 증가된 유전자 중 항비만, 항염증 활성과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있는 sirtuin-1 유전자를 선택하여 발현변화를 확인하였다. 처리한 네종류의 파이토케미칼(resveratrol, capsaicin, daidzein, genistein)에 의해 sirtuin-1의 발현이 증가됨을 확인하였고, 이 중 genistein에 의한 sirtuin-1 유전자의 발현이 가장 높았다. 또한, sirtuin-1-siRNA에 의한 sirtuin-1 유전자의 발현 감소에 의해 지방세포형성 억제과정이 복구됨을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구결과는, genistein에 의한 전지방세포의 성장 저해와 지방세포형성의 저해과정을 이해하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.683-689
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• 2017

Objective: The experiments were carried out to measure the effect of multivitamin, acidifier and Azolla on growth performance, profitability and lipid profiles of blood of broiler chickens to produce safe and cost effective broilers. Methods: In experiment 1, 240 day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were fed diets; $D_1$ (control), $D_2$ ($D_1$ with 1 mL multivitamin/liter water), $D_3$ ($D_1$ with 1 mL acidifier/liter water), $D_4$ ($D_1$ with 1 mL multivitamin and 2 mL acidifier/liter water) having 3 replications in each, and 20 chicks/replication. In experiment 2, 150 day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were fed diets; $T_1$ (control), $T_2$ (5% Azolla in the diet), $T_3$ (7% Azolla in the diet) and $T_4$ ($T_1$ with 1 mL multivitamin and 1 mL acidifier/liter water) having 3 replications in each, and 20 chicks/replication in control, and 10 chicks/replication in the remaining dietary treatment groups for 35 days. Results: In experiment 1, the highest live weight was observed in $D_4$ (p<0.05), however, feed intake was statistically similar between diets (p>0.05). The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0.001) and mortality (p<0.05) were observed in $D_2$ followed by $D_4$, $D_1$, and $D_3$, respectively. There were no significant differences between diets for feed cost and net profit (p>0.05). However, evidently but not significantly, the highest net profit was obtained in $D_2$ followed by $D_4$, $D_1$, and $D_3$, respectively. In experiment 2, the highest live weight (p<0.05) and feed intake (p<0.001) were observed in $T_4$. Mortality (p<0.01), FCR (p<0.01), feed cost (p<0.05) and net profit (p<0.05) were significantly different among diets. Considering net profit, $T_2$ was the best performing dietary group followed by $T_3$, $T_1$, and $T_4$, respectively. The lowest lipid profiles were observed in $D_3$ followed by $D_1$, $D_4$, and $D_2$, respectively (p<0.05). In experiment 2, the lowest total cholesterol, TG, and the highest amount of high density lipoprotein were observed in $T_2$, followed by $T_3$, $T_1$, and $T_4$, respectively (p<0.05). Evidently but not significantly, low density lipoprotein was the highest in $T_2$ followed by $T_3$, $T_4$, and $T_1$, respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, Azolla and acidifier reduced lipid profiles of broiler chickens. Considering net profit and lipid profiles, 5% Azolla may be the suitable dietary group for producing safe and profitable broilers. However, more studies are needed to confirm this study prior to suggesting using Azolla in the poultry industry.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.298-303
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• 2024

유산균 L. mesenteroides SGL152를 이용한 미역발효 추출물로부터 3T3-L1 지방세포 분화에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 MTT assay, Oil Red O staining, RT-qPCR 실험을 진행하였다. 유산균의 미역발효 추출물(UFM)의 농도별 세포 독성 실험 결과, 200 ㎍/ml 농도 이하에서는 비세포독성으로 판단된다. 또한 3T3-L1 지방세포 분화와 동시에 추출물을 농도별로 처리하여 분화를 진행한 결과, 대조군과 비교하여 유의적으로 지방구 형성 및 지방분화를 억제하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 유산균을 이용한 해조류 발효과정 및 복합추출물에 있어서 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 판단된다.

• 약학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.535-540
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• 1995

The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of glycyrrhizin on the differentiation of preadipocytes, 3T3-Ll cells and to characterize the action of glycyrrhizin that affect the responses of 3T3-Ll cells during differentiation. The differentiation of 3T3-Ll cells was stimulated by glycyrrhizin, and triglyceride contents was increased in the differentiated 3T3-LI cell extracts. Total protein contents was increased by glycyrrhizin or inductive agents in the differentiated 3T3-Ll cell extracts. Calmodulin contents was increased by inductive agents, but the contents was not affected by glycyrrhizin in the differentiated 3T3-Ll cell extracts. The results suggest that glycyrrhizin has a stimulating activity of adipose conversion, but the activity is not related to calmodulin contents during the process of differentiation of 3T3-LI cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1062-1068
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• 2004

Leptin has a major role in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. In addition, leptin participates in many physiological functions including regulation of lipid metabolism. Bovine recombinant leptin protein was produced in E. coli cells in order to understand function of leptin in the regulation of lipid metabolism. The leptin expression vector was constructed in pGEX-4T-3 vector and transformed into E. coli BL21 cells. Expression of the GST-leptin fusion protein was induced with IPTG. The fusion protein was purified using glutathione sepharose 4B batch method, and the recombinant leptin was eluted after thrombin protease digestion. The effect of leptin on glucose transport was examined in the differentiated adipocytes of 3T3-L1 cells. Leptin had no effect on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 cells (p>0.05). Effect of recombinant leptin on glucose and acetate transport was examined in adipose tissues of Korean cattle (Hanwoo). Insulin stimulated glucose transport in both intramuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissues (p<0.05), but leptin did not affect glucose transport in both adipose tissues (p>0.05). Insulin stimulated acetate transport in bovine adipose tissues (p<0.05), but leptin did not affect acetate transport (p>0.05). Northern and RT-PCR analyses showed that mRNA levels of uncoupling protein-2 were increased by leptin treatment in 3T3-L1 cells without statistical difference (p>0.05). In conclusion, bovine recombinant leptin did not affect glucose and acetate transport in both 3T3-L1 adipocytes and bovine adipose tissues, while it stimulates UCP-2 mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 cells.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2008

Water-soluble fraction (WSF) from edible mushroom hinmogi (Tremella fuciformis) were obtained by water extraction, and polysaccharides in the WSF were separated by ethanol precipitation. The inhibitory effects of the polysaccharides on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation were evaluated by the reduction of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) translation, triglyceride accumulation, Oil Red-O staining, and expression levels of $PPAR{\gamma}$, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein a (C/$EBP{\alpha}$), and leptin. The $PPAR{\gamma}$ translation in 3T3-L1 cells was inhibited by the treatment with polysaccharide precipitated by 80% ethanol (P80) which showed highest inhibitory activity among polysaccharides tested. In addition, treatment of P80 to 3T3-L1 cells significantly inhibited the triglyceride accumulation, Oil Red-O staining, and mRNA expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$, C/$EBP{\alpha}$, and leptin in a dose-dependent manner. Based upon these results, P80 from edible mushroom hinmogi shows the inhibitory activity on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, it might be employed as a potential anti-obesity material.