• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.775-785
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• 1997

Robustness rates for repeated measures pairwise multiple comparison procedures were investigated in a split plot design with one between- and one within-subjects factor using untrimmed and trimmed data. Five factors were manipulated in the study: distribution, sphericity, variance-covariance heteroscedasticity, total sample size, and sample size ratio. The Welsch test (W) and the Welsch test on trimmed data $(W_{RT})$ performed better than the other procedures, but had a liberal tendency. The trimmed difference score Bonferroni Procedure $(B_{DT})$ was a good choice in some conditions.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.62-68
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• 1964

Author has determined the dissociation velocity constant of carboxyhemoglobin in cattle blood solution by addition of ascorbic acid at $36-38{\deg}.$ It was found that these kinetic data are concordant with Roughton's equation d[COHb]/dt = $m^{'}[CO][O_{2}Hb]/[O_{2}$ - m[COHb] and that the dissociation velocity constant of carboxyhemoglobin was accelerated by the presence of ascorbic acid from 0.119 to 0.135.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.548-557
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• 2019

Staphylococcus species have a ubiquitous habitat in a wide range of foods, thus the ability to identify staphylococci at the species level is critical in the food industry. In this study, we performed rapid identification of Staphylococcus species using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). MALDI-TOF MS was evaluated for the identification of Staphylococcus reference strains (n = 19) and isolates (n = 96) from various foods with consideration for the impact of sample preparation methods and incubation period. Additionally, the spectra of isolated Staphylococcus strains were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and a main spectra profile (MSP)-based dendrogram. MALDI-TOF MS accurately identified Staphylococcus reference strains and isolated strains: the highest performance was by the EX method (83.3~89.5% accuracy) at species level identification (EDT, 70.3~78.9% accuracy; DT, less than 46.3~63.2% accuracy) of 24-h cultured colonies. Identification results at the genus level were 100% accurate at EDT, EX sample preparation and 24-h incubation time. On the other hand, the DT method showed relatively low identification accuracy in all extraction methods and incubation times. The analyzed spectra and MSP-based dendrogram showed that the isolated Staphylococcus strains were characterized at the species level. The performance analysis of MALDI-TOF MS shows the method has the potential ability to discriminate between Staphylococcus species from foods in Korea. This study provides valuable information that MALDI-TOF MS can be applied to monitor microbial populations and pathogenic bacteria in the food industry thereby contributing to food safety.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.31.1-31.8
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• 2024

Background: Recently, there has been a growing interest in stem cells for human medicine. Limited feline endometrial mesenchymal stem cell (fEM-MSC) research in veterinary medicine necessitates reporting for future feline disease research and therapy. Objectives: This study aimed to isolate fEM-MSCs from feline endometrial tissues and evaluate their morphology, proliferative ability, differentiation ability, and immunophenotype. Methods: Feline endometrial tissues were obtained from the ovariohysterectomies of healthy cats and isolated using an enzymatic method. The morphology and proliferative ability of the isolated cells were assessed using a doubling time (DT) assay from passages 3 to 6 (P3 - P6). We measured pluripotency gene expressions of cells in P2 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). To investigate MSC characteristics, a trilineage differentiation assay was conducted in P4, and cells in P4 were immunophenotyped using flow cytometry. Results: fEM-MSCs showed a typical spindle-shaped morphology under a microscope, and the DT was maintained from P3 to P6. fEM-MSCs could differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes, and expressed three pluripotency markers (OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG) by qRT-PCR. Immunophenotypic analysis showed that the fEM-MSCs were CD14 ^-, CD34 ^-, CD45 ^-, CD9⁺, and CD44⁺. Conclusions: In this study, the feline endometrium was a novel source of MSCs, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation method and characteristics of fEM-MSCs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.277-289
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• 2024

Climate change has led to a significant increase in jellyfish populations globally, causing various problems. For power plants that use nearby seawater for cooling, the intrusion of jellyfish into intake systems can block the flow, leading to reduced output or even shutdowns. This issue is compounded by other small marine organisms like shrimp and salps, making it urgent to develop solutions to prevent their intrusion. This study addressed the problem using the BioSonics DT-X 120 kHz scientific fish finder to conduct preliminary tank experiments. We also deployed underwater acoustic and camera buoys around the intake of nuclear power plant, utilizing a bidirectional communication system between sea and land to collect data. Data collection took place from July 31, 2023 to August 1, 2023. While harmful organisms such as jellyfish and salps were not detected, we successfully gathered acoustic data on small fish measuring backscattering strength (SV). Analysis showed that fish schools were more prominent in the evening than during the day. The highest fish distribution was observed at 3:30 AM on July 31 with an SV of -44.8 dB while the lowest was at 12:30 PM on the same day with an SV of -63.4 dB. Additionally, a solar-powered system was used to enable real-time data acquisition from sea buoys with smooth communication between the land server and the offshore buoy located 1.8 km away. This research developed an acoustic-based monitoring system for detecting harmful organisms around the intake and provided foundational data for preventing marine organism intrusion and planning effective measures.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.201-211
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• 2001

Dental caries causes the majority of tooth loss among Koreans. Korea is experiencing an increase in dental caries. And it shows a high prevalence of caries in preschool children, which contrasted with the much-improved situation in developed countries. So, it is important to control caries from preschool periods in Korea. Recently, inspections of the teeth of preschool children for evidence of dental disease became a legislative duty in Korea following Oral Health Act(2000). But, standardized oral health programs in preschool children is not yet proposed. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an community based oral health program in preschool children. The purpose of this study was to obtain basic data for the development of community based oral health program in preschool children of Sungnam city. Oral health status in primary dentition were surveyed in 862 2-6 year-old preschool children of Sungnam city by WHO criteria. From the data, df rate, percentage of preschool child ren with active caries, dft index, dt rate, percentage of preschool children with pit and fissure sealant of each age were calculated, and discussed. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The experience of dental caries in primary dentition showed a tendency to increase quickly between 2 and 3 year old children. So, the oral health program in preschool children should be developed to prevent dental caries and control their oral health under three years of age. 2. In 5 year-old children, the percentage with active caries was 60.8% and dft index was 5.06. The dt rate showed a tendency to decrease as proportion to age, but even though 6 year-old children, the dt rate was 47.7%. Therefore, the annual screening dental examination and oral health education programs at the institution for preschool children should be developed to detect and treat dental caries in primary dentition at early stage. 3. The percentage of preschool children with pit and fissure sealant at six years of age was 10.2%. So, pit and fissure sealant and professional fluoride application programs in Public Health Center should be developed to prevent dental caries. 4. Also, it is necessary to establish oral health goals in preschool children and develop water fluoridation program 10 improve and preserve oral health of preschool children in Seongnam city, effectively.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this survey research was to investigate the relationship among oral health State, behavior and knowledge of oral health of patients who participate in dental hygiene students voluntarily. Methods : The subject in this were patients who got a scaling at the oral hygiene practice lab in the department of dental hygiene in S university dental clinic from April 1 to May 31, 2010. For the data analysis, an SPSS WIN 11.5 program was used and its signification level was 0.05. Results : 1. For the oral health state according to sex distinction, it showed the men's 0.78 MT index was higher than women's 0.48 MT index and statistically significant difference. For FT index, women(4.72) was higher than men(3.50) and it showed statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 2. For the oral health state according to age distinction, DT index of under 20years(2.44) was higher than the others and it showed statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 3. For the oral health state according to marriage distinction, not married DT index(1.59) was higher than married DT index(2.56) and it showed statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 4. For the oral health behavior according to age distinction, 87.0% 20~29years patients replied as I have experience of my teeth scaled and it showed statistically significant difference. 18.5% more than 30 years replied as I use interdental brush and it showed statistically significant difference. 18.5% more than 30 years replied as I use powered brush and it showed statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 5. For the oral health state according to oral health behavior distinction, there were significant difference that regular visit of dental clinic, experience of teeth scaled, toothbrushing, oral hygiene device(p<0.05). 6. For the oral health state according to oral health knowledge distinction, there were significant difference that toothbrushing time after each meal, appropriate toothbrushing time, toothbrushing method, dental caries foods(p<0.05). Conclusions : I suggest with the result of the study that there was a very close relationship between oral health status, behavior and knowledge of oral health. Therefore student of the dental hygiene should be encouraged to pay more attention to oral health care of the patient, and they should be well educated oral health care personnels who volunteers in practice for oral prophylaxis.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.4116-4120
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• 1976

With the use of many rivers increased nearly to the capacity, the need for information concerning daily quantities of water and the total annual or seasonal runoff has became increased. A systematic record of the flow of a river is commonly made in terms of the mean daily discharge Since. a single observation of stage is converted into discharge by means of rating curve, it is essential that the stage discharge relations shall be accurately established. All rating curves have the looping effect due chiefly to channel storage and variation in surface slope. Loop rating curves are most characteristic on streams with somewhat flatter gradients and more constricted channels. The great majority of gauge readings are taken by unskilled observers once a day without any indication of whether the stage is rising or falling. Therefore, normal rating curves shall show one discharge for one gauge height, regardless of falling or rising stage. The above reasons call for the correction of the discharge measurements taken on either side of flood waves to the theoretical steady-state condition. The correction of the discharge measurement is to consider channel storage and variation in surface slope. (1) Channel storage As the surface elevation of a river rises, water is temporarily stored in the river channel. There fore, the actual discharge at the control section can be attained by substracting the rate of change of storage from the measured discharge. (2) Variation in surface slope From the Manning equation, the steady state discharge Q in a channel of given roughness and cross-section, is given as {{{{Q PROPTO SQRT { 1} }}}} When the slope is not equal, the actual discharge will be {{{{ { Q}_{r CDOT f } PROPTO SQRT { 1 +- TRIANGLE I} CDOT TRIANGLE I }}}} may be expressed in the form of {{{{ TRIANGLE I= { dh/dt} over {c } }}}} and the celerity is approximately equal to 1.3 times the mean watrr velocity. Therefore, The steady-state discharge can be estimated from the following equation. {{{{Q= { { Q}_{r CDOT f } } over { SQRT { (1 +- { A CDOT dh/dt} over {1.3 { Q}_{r CDOT f }I } )} } }}}} If a sufficient number of observations are available, an alternative procedure can be applied. A rating curve may be drawn as a median line through the uncorrected values. The values of {{{{ { 1} over {cI } }}}} can be yielded from the measured quantities of Qr$.$f and dh/dt by use of Eq. (7) and (8). From the 1/cI v. stage relationship, new vlues of 1/cI are obtained and inserted in Eq. (7) and (8) to yield the steady-state discharge Q. The new values of Q are then plotted against stage as the corrected steadystate curve.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2017

The knock-in efficiency in the fibroblast is very important to produce transgenic domestic animal using nuclear transfer. In this research, we constructed three kinds of different knock-in vectors to study the efficiency of knock-in depending on structure of knock-in vector with different size of homologous arm on the ${\beta}-casein$ gene locus in the somatic cells; DT-A_cEndo Knock-in vector, DT-A_tEndo Knock-in vector I, and DT-A_tEndo Knock-in vector II. The knock-in vector consists of 4.8 kb or 1.06 kb of 5' arm region and 1.8 kb or 0.64 kb of 3' arm region, and neomycin resistance gene(neor) as a positive selection marker gene. The cEndo Knock-in vector had 4.8 kb and 1.8 kb homologous arm. The tEndo Knock-in vector I had 1.06 kb and 0.64 kb homologous arm and tEndo Knock-in vector II had 1.06 kb and 1.8 kb homologous arm. To express endostatin gene as transgene, the F2A sequence was fused to the 5' terminal of endostatin gene and inserted into exon 7 of the ${\beta}-casein$ gene. The knock-in vector and TALEN were introduced into the bovine fibroblast by electroporation. The knock-in efficiencies of cEndo, tEndo I, and tEndo II vector were 4.6%, 2.2% and 4.8%, respectively. These results indicated that size of 3' arm in the knock-in vector is important for TALEN-mediated homologous recombination in the fibroblast. In conclusion, our knock-in system may help to create transgenic dairy cattle expressing human endostatin protein via the endogenous expression system of the bovine ${\beta}-casein$ gene in the mammary gland.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.219-228
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health status and oral health care of adults using dental clinics and the relationship between their oral health state and oral health care. The subjects in this study were 219 patients who visited dental clinics in Gyeonggi province between February and April 2008. A dental checkup and survey were implemented, and SPSS 12.0 program was utilized to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. The DT, MT and FT rates of the respondents who used oral hygiene supplies respectively stood at 30.7, 24.6 and 24.6 percent, which were all low. The gaps between them and the others were statistically significant. The DMFT index of the users of oral hygiene supplies was 12.3, which was high, but the difference between them and the others was not statistically significant. 2. The DT rate of those who got a dental checkup on a regular basis stood at 20.8 percent, which was low. The gap between them and the others was statistically significant. Both the MT and FT rates of the former numbered 28.8 percent, which was low, but the gap between them and the others was statistically insignificant. The DMFT index of the respondents who got a regular dental checkup was 12.8, which was high, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant. 3. The DT and FT rates of respondents who had ever had their teeth scaled respectively stood at 24.6 and 27.1 percent, which were both low, and the differences between them and the others were statistically significant. The MT rate of the former was 27.1 percent, which was low, but the gap between them and the others was statistically insignificant. The DMFT index of those who had ever had their teeth scaled was 12.2, which was high, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant. The above mentioned findings suggested that there was a very close relationship between oral health care and oral health status. Therefore people in general should be encouraged to pay more attention to their own oral health care, and they should be well informed about how to take care of the oral cavity to promote their oral health.