• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.11-17
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose a polarity decision carrier recovery algorithm for high order QAM(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), which has robust and large frequency acquisition performance in the high order QAM modem. The proposed polarity decision PD(Phase Detector) output and its variance characteristic are mathematically derived and the simulation results are compared with conventional DD(Decision-Directed) method. While the conventional DD algorithm has linear range of $3.5^{\circ}{\sim}3.5^{\circ}$, the proposed polarity decision PD algorithm has linear range as large as $-36^{\circ}{\sim}36^{\circ}$ at ${\gamma}-17.9$. The conventional DD algorithm can only acquire offsets less than ${\pm}10\;KHz$ in the case of the 256 QAM while an analog front-end circuit generally can reduce the carrier-frequency offset down to only ${\pm}100\;KHz$. Thus, in this case additional AFC or phase detection circuit for carrier recovery is required. But by adopting the proposed polarity decision algorithm, we can find the system can acquire up to ${\pm}300\;KHz$at SNR = 30dB without aided circuit.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.215-223
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• 1997

A matrix model of rice weevil population based on degree day (DD) was constructed. The basic matrix model predicted on exponential jncrcase of the adult weevil density and the finite rate of increase(h) of the population was estimated to be 2.155/100DD. Adult density simulated by the matrix model including intraspecific competition showed a damped oscillation over time and reached at the stationary level of 530 at 69, 300DD. The experimental population showed similar features to that of the model. But there were some differences in the highest density and period of adult oscillation. The differences could largely be caused by the assumption of the model; resource constancy.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.19-25
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• 2013

Decision procedure was done with the evaluation of multi-criterion analysis. Importance of each criterion was considered through heuristically method, specially it was based on the heuristic least mean square algorithm. To consider coalition evaluation, it was carried out by calculation of Shapley index and Interaction value. The model output is also analyzed with the help of those two indexes, and the procedure was also displayed with details. Finally, the differences between the model output and the desired results are evaluated thoroughly, several problems are raised at the end of the example which require for further studying.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.703-710
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to detect association between genetic variation and economic trait in the porcine heart type fatty acid-binding protein gene as a candidate gene for the traits related with growth and meat quality in pigs. The H-FABP is a 15-kDa protein expressed in several tissues with high demand for fat metabolism such as cardiac and skeletal muscle and lactating mammary gland. H-FABP is small intracellular protein involved in fatty acid transport from the plasma membrane to the site of $\beta$-oxidation and/or triacylglycerol or phospholipid synthesis. In this study, H-FABP PCR-RFLP was performed in F$_2$ population composed of 214 individuals from an intercross between Korean Native Boars and Landrace sows. PCR products from two primer sets within H-FABP gene were amplified in 850bp and 700bp. Digestion of PCR products with the restriction digestion enzymes HaeⅢ and HinfⅠ, revealed fragment length polymorphisms(RFLPs). The genotype frequencies from H-FABP/HaeⅢ was .29 for genotype DD, .53 for genotype Dd, and .15 for genotype dd, respectively. The genotype frequencies of HH, Hh, and hh from H-FABP/HinfⅠ was .38, .41 and .20, respectively, in the population. Relationships between their genotypes and economic traits were estimated. In H-FABP/HaeⅢ locus, there were specific genotypes(Dd and dd) associated with economic traits such as body weights at 3, 5, 12, and 30 week of age (p〈.05 to .001). The ‘d’ allele was associated with gaining of body weight. In H-FABP/HinfⅠ locus, Genotypes of HH and Hh associated with growth traits such as body weights at 5, 12, and 30 week of age (p〈.05 or p〈.001) and back fat thickness, body fat including abdominal and trimmed fat (p〈.001) and intramuscular fat(p〈.05) The ‘H’ allele was positively associated with gaining of body weight and fatness deposition. In conclusion, a significant association of the H-FABP gene from its genetic variation was found on body weight, intramuscular fat and backfat thickness.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.50
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• pp.97-107
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• 2023

Malaria remains to be one of the most severe global public health concerns. Traditionally, Aspilia Africana and Warburgia ugandensis have been used to treat malaria in several African countries for millennia. In the current study, A. africana calli (AaC), A. africana in vitro roots (AaIR), A. africana wild leaf (AaWL), and W. ugandensis stem bark (WuSB) were dried and pulverized. Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the powdered samples, while 80% ethanolic extracts of each sample were assayed for antiplasmodial activity (against Plasmodium falciparum strains DD2 (chloroquine-resistant) and 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive)) and cytotoxicity. WuSB showed the highest antiplasmodial activity (IC₅₀ = 1.57 ± 0.210 ㎍/ml and 8.92 ± 0.365 ㎍/ml against P. falciparum 3D7 and DD2, respectively) and selectivity indices (43.90 ± 7.914 and 7.543 ± 0.051 for P. falciparum 3D7 and DD2, respectively). The highest total polyphenolic contents (total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 367.9 ± 3.55 mg GAE/g and 203.9 ± 1.43 mg RUE/g, respectively) were recorded for WuSB and the lowest were recorded for AaC. The antiplasmodial activities of the tested plant tissues correlated positively with total polyphenolic content. The high selectivity indices of WuSB justify its traditional applications in treating malaria and present it as a good candidate for discovering new antimalarial compounds. We recommend elicitation treatment for AaIR, which showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum DD2, to increase its secondary metabolite production for optimal antimalarial activity.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

The hypocenter distribution of microseismic events generated by hydraulic fracturing for shale gas development provides essential information for understanding characteristics of fracture network. In this study, we evaluate how inaccurate velocity models influence the inversion results of two widely used location programs, hypoellipse and hypoDD, which are developed based on an iterative linear inversion. We assume that 98 stations are densely located inside the circle with a radius of 4 km and 5 artificial hypocenter sets (S0 ~ S4) are located from the center of the network to the south with 1 km interval. Each hypocenter set contains 25 events placed on the plane. To quantify accuracies of the inversion results, we defined 6 parameters: difference between average hypocenters of assumed and inverted locations, $d_1$; ratio of assumed and inverted areas estimated by hypocenters, r; difference between dip of the reference plane and the best fitting plane for determined hypocenters, ${\theta}$; difference between strike of the reference plane and the best fitting plane for determined hypocenters, ${\phi}$; root-mean-square distance between hypocenters and the best fitting plane, $d_2$; root-mean-square error in horizontal direction on the best fitting plane, $d_3$. Synthetic travel times are calculated for the reference model having 1D layered structure and the inaccurate velocity model for the inversion is constructed by using normal distribution with standard deviations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 km/s, respectively, with respect to the reference model. The parameters $d_1$, r, ${\theta}$, and $d_2$ show positive correlation with the level of velocity perturbations, but the others are not sensitive to the perturbations except S4, which is located at the outer boundary of the network. In cases of S0, S1, S2, and S3, hypoellipse and hypoDD provide similar results for $d_1$. However, for other parameters, hypoDD shows much better results and errors of locations can be reduced by about several meters regardless of the level of perturbations. In light of the purpose to understand the characteristics of hydraulic fracturing, $1{\sigma}$ error of velocity structure should be under 0.2 km/s in hypoellipse and 0.3 km/s in hypoDD.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.232-237
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• 2005

Mast cells play an important role in allergic inflammation by releasing their bioactive mediators. The function of mast cells is enhanced by stimulation because of the induction of specific genes and their products. While many inducible genes have been elucidated, we speculated that a significant number of genes remain to be identified. Thus, we applied differential display (dd) PCR to establish a profile of the induced genes in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) after they were co-cultured with 3T3 fibroblasts. To date, 150 cDNA fragments from the connective-type mast cells (CTMCs) were amplified. Among them, thirty cDNA fragments were reamplified for cloning and sequencing. The ddPCR strategy revealed that serine proteases were the most abundant genes among the sequenced clones induced during the maturation. Additionally, unknown genes from the co-culture of BMMCs with 3T3 fibroblasts were identified. We confirmed their induction in the CTMCs by Northern blot analysis and RT-PCR. Characterization of these induced genes during the maturation processes will provide insight into the functions of mast cells.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2006

New charge pump circuits with low area and high power efficiency are proposed and verified in this paper. These pump circuits do not suffer the voltage stress higher than $V_{DD}$ across their pumping capacitors. Thus they can use the thin-oxide MOSFETs as the pumping capacitors. Using the thin-oxide capacitors can reduce the area of charge pumps greatly while keeping their driving capability. Comparing the new pump (NCP-2) with the conventional pump circuit using the thick-oxide capacitors shows that the power efficiency of NCP-2 is the same with the conventional one but the area efficiency of NCP-2 is improved as much as 71.8% over the conventional one, when the $V_{PP}/V_{DD}$ ratio is 3.5 and $V_{DD}$=1.8V.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.102-112
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• 2003

The homozygous deletion allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACF/DD), homozygous threonine allele of the angiotensinogen gene (AGN/TT), and the 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (apoE/4) are reported to be associated with ischemic heart disease. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) is another atherosclerotic disease, and the effects of these polymorphisms on ICVD have been confusing. In this study, I investigated whether ACF/DD, AGN/TT, and apoE/4 genotypes are associated with ICVD and whether genetic risk is enhanced by the effect of one upon another. I ascertained these genotypes in patients with ICVD (n=121) diagnosed by brain computed tomography. Control subjects for the ICVD were randomly selected from subjects matched for age, gender, and history of hypertension with patients. Frequency of ACF/DD genotype was somewhat higher in the patients with ICVD than in the controls (18％ vs. 15％). Incidence of ICVD was higher in subjects with the apoE/4/4 genotype than in the other genotypes (50％ vs. 27-29％). Incidence of ICVD was much higher in subjects with the AGN/TT genotype than in AGN/MM genotype (36％ vs. 17％). Furthermore, the AGN/TT genotype greatly increased the relative risk for ICVD in the subjects with ACF/DD genotype (80.0％ vs. 20.0％, P=0.089). Finally, incidence of ICVD was much higher in the subjects with both apoE/2/4 and AGN/TT genotype than in the other genotypes (83.3％ vs. 16.7％, P=O.095). These results suggest that AGN/TT enhances the risk for ICVD associated with ACF/DD and apoE/2/4.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2016

The effects of dietary antioxidant [saltwort (SW), leek (LK), and dandelion (DD)] supplementation on the growth, body composition, serum chemistry, and challenge test results of juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, were determined. In an experiment, 320 fish were randomly distributed into eight, 50-L flow-through tanks (40 fish per tank). Four experimental diets were prepared: the control diet (Con) with synthetic antioxidant: and diets with SW, LK, or DD from natural sources. Each diet was randomly assigned to duplicate tanks of fish, which were hand-fed to satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. After the 8-week feeding trial, 20 fish from each tank were artificially infected with Streptococcus iniae and monitored for 6 days. The dietary additives did not affect survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), or plasma chemistry. However, the cumulative mortality of fish fed the SW, LK and DD diets was lower than that of fish fed the control diet beginning 4 days after infection. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with SW, LK, and DD did not affect the growth, FE, PER, or plasma chemistry of rockfish. However, dietary inclusion of SW, LK, and DD lowered the mortality of rockfish following infection with S. iniae.