• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2018

Intervertebral disc(IVD) mainly consists of Annulus fibrosus(AF) and Nucleus pulposus(NP), playing a role of distributing a mechanical load on vertebral body. IVD tissue engineering has been developed the methods to achieve anatomic morphology and restoration of biological function. The goal of present study is to identify the possibilities for creating a substitute of IVD the morphology and biological functions are the same as undamaged complete IVD. To fabricate the AF and NP combine biphasic IVD tissue, AF tissue scaffolds have been printed by 3D bio-printing system with natural biomaterials and NP tissues have been prepared by scaffold-free culture system. We evaluated whether the combined structure of 3D printed AF scaffold and scaffold-free NP tissue construct could support the architecture and cell functions as IVD tissue. 3D printed AF scaffolds were printed with 60 degree angle stripe patterned lamella structure(the inner-diameter is 5mm, outer-diameter is 10 mm and height is 3 mm). In the cytotoxicity test, the 3D printed AF scaffold showed good cell compatibility. The results of histological and immunohistochemical staining also showed the newly synthesized collagens and glycosaminoglycans, which are specific makers of AF tissue. And scaffold-free NP tissue actively synthesized glycosaminoglycans and type 2 collagen, which are the major components of NP tissue. When we combined two engineered tissues to realize the IVD, combined biphasic tissues showed a good integration between the two tissues. In conclusion, this study describes the fabrication of Engineered biphasic IVD tissue by using enable techniques of tissue engineering. This fabricated biphasic tissue would be used as a model system for the study of the native IVD tissue. In the future, it may have the potential to replace the damaged IVD in the future.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.160-170
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• 2024

Objective: Owing to the availability of 3D software, scanners, and printers, clinicians are encouraged to produce in-office aligners. Recently, a new direct-printing resin (Tera Harz TC-85DAC) has been introduced. Studies on its mechanical characteristics and biological effects have been published; however, evidence on its efficacy in orthodontic treatment remains scarce. This pilot study aimed to investigate the accuracy of teeth movement achieved with direct-printed aligners. Methods: Seventeen patients (eight males and nine females) with a mean age of 27.67 ± 8.95 years, presenting with dental rotations < 30° and spaces/crowding < 5 mm, were recruited for this study. The teeth movement was planned starting from a T0 digital dental cast. The 3D direct-printed aligners were produced using Tera Harz TC-85DAC resin. Once the orthodontic treatment was completed, a final digital cast was obtained (T1). The planned teeth positions were then superimposed onto the T0 and T1 digital models. The differences between the programmed movements and the achieved overall torque, tip, rotation, and transverse dimensions were assessed using the paired t test or Wilcoxon's signed rank test. Results: The overall accuracies for torque, tip, and rotation were 67.6%, 64.2%, and 72.0%, respectively. The accuracy of the change in transverse diameter was 99.6%. Conclusions: Within the limits of the present pilot study (difficulties with abnormally shaped teeth and use of attachments), it can be concluded that 3D printed aligners can be successfully printed in-house and utilized for mildly crowded cases, with a comparable accuracy of tooth movement to that of other aligners.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.242-253
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• 2020

목적: 이 연구의 목적은 3D 프린팅으로 제작된 다이의 정확도를 인상재와 치과용 석고를 이용하여 제작한 기존 방식 다이와 비교하고 체적 변화를 평가하여 정확도를 비교하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 치과용 모델 하악 우측 제1대구치를 준비하여 스캔한 뒤 polyetherketoneketone (PEKK)으로 기준 다이를 제작한다. 기존 방식 다이는 기준 다이를 polyvinylsiloxane로 인상채득한 뒤 Type IV 치과용 석고를 부었다. 3D 프린팅 시스템의 경우 기준 다이를 스캔하고 3개의 서로 다른 3D 프린터를 이용하여 모델로 변환하였다. 4가지 방법으로 각각 10개의 표본을 만들었다. 3D 표면매칭 소프트웨어를 사용하여 기준 다이와 중첩하였다. 통계 분석을 위해 Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test를 수행하였다(P < 0.05). 결과: 기준 다이와 비교하여 기존 방식, Stereolithography로 제작된 다이를 제외하고는 각 방식으로 제작된 다이의 체적 변화가 상당히 있었다(P < 0.05). 기존 방식으로 제작된 다이는 3D 프린팅된 다이보다 체적 변화가 가장 적었다(P < 0.05). Stereolithography로 제작된 3D 프린팅 다이는 다른 3D 프린터 중에서 체적 변화가 가장 적었다(P < 0.05). 결론: 기존 방식의 다이는 3D 프린팅 다이보다 더 정확했지만 3D 프린팅 다이는 임상적으로 허용되는 범위 내에 있었다. 따라서 3D 프린팅 다이는 수복물 제작에 사용할 수 있다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2019

This study examined the applicability of digital technologies based on three-dimensional(3D) scanning, modeling, and printing to the restoration of damaged artifacts. First, 3D close-range scanning was utilized to make a high-resolution polygon mesh model of a roof-end tile with a missing part, and a 3D virtual restoration of the missing part was conducted using a haptic interface. Furthermore, the virtual restoration model was printed out with a 3D printer using the material extrusion method and a PLA filament. Then, the additive structure of the printed output with a scanning electron microscope was observed and its shape accuracy was analyzed through 3D deviation analysis. It was discovered that the 3D printing output of the missing part has high dimensional accuracy and layer thickness, thus fitting extremely well with the fracture surface of the original roof-end tile. The convergence of digital virtual restoration based on 3D scanning and 3D printing technology has helped in minimizing contact with the artifact and broadening the choice of restoration materials significantly. In the future, if the efficiency of the virtual restoration modeling process is improved and the material stability of the printed output for the purpose of restoration is sufficiently verified, the usability of 3D digital technologies in cultural heritage restoration will increase.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2021

In this paper, we analyzed and considered the precision of parts produced by 3D printing methods. For the latch systems applied to the Wingline folding doors, the 3D shape of the door hinge part was printed using FDM and DLP methods. Then, the 3D printed shape was scanned to measure the dimensions and dimensional changes of the actual model. In the comparison and analysis of the 3D printed door hinge parts, because the output filling density is 100% owing to the characteristics of DLP 3D printing, the filling density in FDM 3D printing was also set to 100%.

• 적정기술학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.226-237
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• 2020

As the number of reported COVID-19 cases rises around the world, regions affected by the virus are taking serious measures to contain its spread. Face shields are one of the highest-need personal protective equipment (PPE) during COVID-19 pandemic. Beyond traditional face masks, as known cases of the coronavirus soar, currently there is a significant shortage of face shields around the world. In response, the protective face shields were designed and fabricated with open-source 3D modelling software and 3D printing technology, respectively. Our face shield consisted of two parts only; a reusable 3D printed headband and a visor made of transparent plastic sheet, as barrier. The resulting 3D printed face shields are affordable, lightweight, one-size-fits-most and ready-to-wear with minimal assemblies, and go on easily over glass, goggle and face mask. To ensure being donated to the healthcare professionals without risk infected by any pathogens, the 3D printed face shields were successfully be disinfected with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI dosage of 1000 mJ/cm²) and 70% alcohol. For routine disinfection a UVGI chamber was designed and optimized to provide uniform UV-C illumination with an appreciated fluence for complete decontamination. More than 1,000 face shields were produced already and donated to the special hospitals for COVID-19 patients, quarantines, government and medical agencies in Ethiopia as well as in East-African countries. With certainty, our intention goes beyond the hospitals and other first responders, but not limited for all those who have to stay in the service or be in contact with many other people in the time of COVID-19 pandemic.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.505-512
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• 2022

인체 질병진단을 위해 3D 프린팅으로 제작된 보조기구를 엑스선 검사에 적용하였다. 사용 평가된 결과를 바탕으로 통계 분석하여 임상적 유용성을 평가하고 도입의사를 회귀분석 하였다. 실험은 90명의 방사선사들이 허리뼈 사방향 엑스선 검사에서 보조기구 사용에 동의한 환자를 대상으로 엑스선 검사 진행 후 기존 사용 보조기구와 요인분석 등으로 통계 분석하였다. 3D 프린팅으로 제작된 보조기구 도입의사에 대한 변수를 종속변수로 요인분석으로 계산된 3D 프린팅 보조기구 및 기존 사용 보조기구를 독립변수로 설정한 다중회귀분석 비표준화 계수 값이 0.893(p<0.001), 0.269(p<0.001)으로 나타나 모두 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 나타내었다. 결과적으로 본 연구로 제작된 3D 프린팅 보조기구가 허리뼈 사방향 엑스선 검사에서 기존 사용하는 보조기구보다 임상적 유용성이 더 높음을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.228-232
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• 2017

The radiation properties and fabrication precautions of a 3D printed, electrically small folded spherical meander wire monopole antenna are investigated. The antenna is self-resonant and shows sufficiently high radiation efficiency at an electrical size ka of 0.4, with the radiation quality factor Q approaching the lower physical bound. In antenna fabrication, the possible structural deformation due to gravity is examined before the antenna frame is 3D-printed. The required conductivity is achieved by multiple manual paintings of a silver paste. The radiation efficiency and pattern show very good agreement with the computed expectations, whereas the resonant frequency deviates by 11.8%. The method to minimize such a fabrication error when using 3D printing technology for wire antennas is discussed.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2020

Recently, 3D printing technology, which is suitable for small-volume production of many varieties, has become considered a key manufacturing technology in the 4th industrial revolution. However, the nature of 3D printing technology means it is not yet able to be applied to traditional textiles due to Fabric Flexibility. The aim of this study is to investigate Textile Structural Design by finding the optimal yarn thickness for Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 3D printed structures on geogrid dobby woven fabric that gives the optimal flexibility and tensile strength in the final product. The test results for tensile load strength of the 3D printed test samples, using 1.0mm, 0.8mm, 0.6mm and 0.4mm yarn thicknesses, showed that all were found to be above 250N, this higher than the tensile strength of 180N that is recommended for textile products. Based on these results, the four dobby structural patterns with 3D printing produced had four yarn thicknesses: 1.0mm, 0.8mm, 0.6mm, and 0.4mm. The thinner the yarn, the more flexible the fabric; as such the optimal conditions to produce SLS-based 3D printed textiles with suitable strength and flexibility used a thickness of yarn in the range of 0.4mm to 0.6mm.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Purpose: The objectives of this study was to evaluate clinical adaptation of dental prostheses printed by 3 dimensional(3D) printing technology. Methods: Ten study models were prepared. Ten specimens of experimental group were printed by 3D printing(3DP group). As a control group, 10 specimens were fabricated by casting method on the same models. Marginal gaps of all specimens were measured to evaluate clinical adaptation. Marginal adaptations were measured using silicone replica technique and measured at 8 sites per specimen. Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test was used for statistical analysis(${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Means of marginal adaptations were $95.1{\mu}m$ for 3DP group and $75.9{\mu}m$ for CAST group(p < 0.000). Conclusion : However, the mean of the 3DP group was within the clinical tolerance suggested by the previous researchers. Based on this, dental prosthesis fabricated by 3D printing technology is considered to be clinically acceptable.