• Title/Summary/Keyword: 3D image model

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Road Extraction from Images Using Semantic Segmentation Algorithm (영상 기반 Semantic Segmentation 알고리즘을 이용한 도로 추출)

  • Oh, Haeng Yeol;Jeon, Seung Bae;Kim, Geon;Jeong, Myeong-Hun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.239-247
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    • 2022
  • Cities are becoming more complex due to rapid industrialization and population growth in modern times. In particular, urban areas are rapidly changing due to housing site development, reconstruction, and demolition. Thus accurate road information is necessary for various purposes, such as High Definition Map for autonomous car driving. In the case of the Republic of Korea, accurate spatial information can be generated by making a map through the existing map production process. However, targeting a large area is limited due to time and money. Road, one of the map elements, is a hub and essential means of transportation that provides many different resources for human civilization. Therefore, it is essential to update road information accurately and quickly. This study uses Semantic Segmentation algorithms Such as LinkNet, D-LinkNet, and NL-LinkNet to extract roads from drone images and then apply hyperparameter optimization to models with the highest performance. As a result, the LinkNet model using pre-trained ResNet-34 as the encoder achieved 85.125 mIoU. Subsequent studies should focus on comparing the results of this study with those of studies using state-of-the-art object detection algorithms or semi-supervised learning-based Semantic Segmentation techniques. The results of this study can be applied to improve the speed of the existing map update process.

Development of real-time defect detection technology for water distribution and sewerage networks (시나리오 기반 상·하수도 관로의 실시간 결함검출 기술 개발)

  • Park, Dong, Chae;Choi, Young Hwan
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.55 no.spc1
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    • pp.1177-1185
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    • 2022
  • The water and sewage system is an infrastructure that provides safe and clean water to people. In particular, since the water and sewage pipelines are buried underground, it is very difficult to detect system defects. For this reason, the diagnosis of pipelines is limited to post-defect detection, such as system diagnosis based on the images taken after taking pictures and videos with cameras and drones inside the pipelines. Therefore, real-time detection technology of pipelines is required. Recently, pipeline diagnosis technology using advanced equipment and artificial intelligence techniques is being developed, but AI-based defect detection technology requires a variety of learning data because the types and numbers of defect data affect the detection performance. Therefore, in this study, various defect scenarios are implemented using 3D printing model to improve the detection performance when detecting defects in pipelines. Afterwards, the collected images are performed to pre-processing such as classification according to the degree of risk and labeling of objects, and real-time defect detection is performed. The proposed technique can provide real-time feedback in the pipeline defect detection process, and it would be minimizing the possibility of missing diagnoses and improve the existing water and sewerage pipe diagnosis processing capability.

The Effect of Hydroxyproline and Pro-Hyp Dipeptide on UV-damaged Skin of Hairless Mice (자외선에 의해 피부가 손상된 hairless mouse에서의 hydroxyproline, Pro-Hyp 경구반복투여시 피부 상태 개선 효과)

  • Lee, Ji-Hae;Seo, Jeong-Hye;Park, Young-Ho;Kim, Wan-Gi;Lim, Kyung-Min;Lee, Sang-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.436-442
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    • 2008
  • Hydroxyproline and Pro-Hyp dipeptide are the digestive products of collagen hydrolysate called collagen peptide. Some suggested that collagen peptides could improve aged or damaged skins, however, the effects of collagen peptides on the skin have not been known. In this study, we investigated the effects of digestive products of collagen peptides, hydroxyproline and Pro-Hyp dipeptide on skin quality using the UV-damaged dorsal skin of hairless mouse as a model system. Female SKH hairless mice were pre-irradiated with UV for 7 weeks, and then hydroxyproline, Pro-Hyp dipeptide were orally administered for 7 weeks with UV irradiation. Wrinkle formation (by replica image), skin elasticity, barrier status (by TEWL, transepidermal water loss), epidermis thickness, and biophysical changes in the stratum comeum (by hematoxylin & eosin staining) were examined. With the oral peptide treatment, effects such as skin barrier maintenance, anti-skin thickening, and recovery of the stratum corneum were observed. These results indicate that oral intake of collagen peptides may have beneficial effects on damaged skin cells.

The Evaluation on Accuracy of LiDAR DEM by Plotting Map (도화원도를 이용한 LiDAR DEM의 정확도 평가)

  • 최윤수;한상득;위광재
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.127-136
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    • 2002
  • DEM(Digital Elevation Model) is used widely in image processing, water resources, construction, GIS, landscape architecture, telecommunication, military operations and other related areas. And it is used especially in producing ortho-photo based on specific DEM and developing 3D GIS database vividly. As LiDAR(Light and Detection And Ranging) system emerged recently, DEM could be developed in urban area more efficiently and more economically, compared to the conventional DEM Production. Traditional method using check points for elevation has tome limitations in structure's height accuracy by LiDAR, because it uses only terrain height. Accordingly after the downtown of Chungju city was selected as a test field in this paper and DEM and digital ortho images was produced by way of LiDar survey, the accuracy was evaluated through analytical plotting map. The result shows that in case of buildings in LiDAR DEM, the accuracy is 0.30 m in X, 0.62 m in Y and RMS is 1.17 m. The difference distribution between DEM and plotting map in range of $\pm$10 cm was 36.2% and $\pm$10 cm $\pm$20 cm was 43.53%. The accuracy of LiDAR in this study meets 1/5,000 which is the regulation for map of NGI(National Geography Institute) and LiDAR can be possibly used in many other applied area.

A Study on MRD Methods of A RAM-based Neural Net (RAM 기반 신경망의 MRD 기법에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Dong-Hyung;Kim, Seong-Jin;Park, Sang-Moo;Lee, Soo-Dong;Ock, Cheol-Young
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.14 no.9
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 2009
  • A RAM-based Neural Net(RBNN) which has multi-discriminators is more effective than RBNN with a discriminator. Experience Sensitive Cumulative Neural Network and 3-D Neuro System(3DNS) that accumulate the features point improved the performance of BNN, which were enabled to train additional and repeated patterns and extract a generalized pattern. In recognition process of Neural Net with multi-discriminator, the selection of class was decided by the value of MRD which calculates the accumulated sum of each class. But they had a saturation problem of its memory cells caused by learning volume increment. Therefore, the decision of MRD has a low performance because recognition rate is decreased by saturation. In this paper, we propose the method which improve the MRD ability. The method consists of the optimum MRD and the matching ratio prototype to generalized image, the cumulative filter ratio, the gap of prototype response MRD. We experimented the performance using NIST database of NIST without preprocessor, and compared this model with 3DNS. The proposed MRD method has more performance of recognition rate and more stable system for distortion of input pattern than 3DNS.

Strength Properties of Wooden Model Erosion Control Dams Using Domestic Pinus rigida Miller I (국내산 리기다소나무를 이용한 목재 모형 사방댐의 강도 성능 평가 I)

  • Kim, Sang-Woo;Park, Jun-Chul;Lee, Dong-Heub;Son, Dong-Won;Hong, Soon-Il
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.36 no.6
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    • pp.77-87
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    • 2008
  • Wooden model erosion control dam was made with pitch pine, of which the strength properties was evaluated. Wooden model erosion control dam was made with diameter 90 mm of pitch pine round posts treated with CUAZ-2 (Copper Azole), changing joint in three different types. In each type, erosion control dam was made in nine floor (cross-bar of five floors and vertical-bar of four floors), of which the hight was 790 mm. And then strength properties were investigated through horizontal loading test and impact strength test, and the deformation of structure through image processing (AICON 3D DPA-PRO system). In horizontal loading test of wooden model erosion control dam using round post of diameter 90 mm, whether there was stone or not did not affect strength much when using self drill screw, but strength was decreased by 23%. In monolithic type of erosion control dam using screw bar, strength was increased by 1.5 times and deformation was decreased when filling with stone. When reinforcing with screw bar that ring is connected to self drill screw, strength was increased by 4.8 times. In impact strength test of wooden model erosion control dam made with round post of diameter 90 mm, the erosion control dam connected with self drilling screw not filling with stone was totally destroyed by the 1st impact, and the erosion control dam using screw bar was ruptured at cross-bar at which 779 kgf of impact was loaded in the 1st impact. In the 2nd impact, the base parts were ruptured, and reaction force was decreased to 545 kgf. In the 3rd impact, whole base parts were destroyed, and reaction force was decreased to 263 kgf.

A Time Series Graph based Convolutional Neural Network Model for Effective Input Variable Pattern Learning : Application to the Prediction of Stock Market (효과적인 입력변수 패턴 학습을 위한 시계열 그래프 기반 합성곱 신경망 모형: 주식시장 예측에의 응용)

  • Lee, Mo-Se;Ahn, Hyunchul
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.167-181
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    • 2018
  • Over the past decade, deep learning has been in spotlight among various machine learning algorithms. In particular, CNN(Convolutional Neural Network), which is known as the effective solution for recognizing and classifying images or voices, has been popularly applied to classification and prediction problems. In this study, we investigate the way to apply CNN in business problem solving. Specifically, this study propose to apply CNN to stock market prediction, one of the most challenging tasks in the machine learning research. As mentioned, CNN has strength in interpreting images. Thus, the model proposed in this study adopts CNN as the binary classifier that predicts stock market direction (upward or downward) by using time series graphs as its inputs. That is, our proposal is to build a machine learning algorithm that mimics an experts called 'technical analysts' who examine the graph of past price movement, and predict future financial price movements. Our proposed model named 'CNN-FG(Convolutional Neural Network using Fluctuation Graph)' consists of five steps. In the first step, it divides the dataset into the intervals of 5 days. And then, it creates time series graphs for the divided dataset in step 2. The size of the image in which the graph is drawn is $40(pixels){\times}40(pixels)$, and the graph of each independent variable was drawn using different colors. In step 3, the model converts the images into the matrices. Each image is converted into the combination of three matrices in order to express the value of the color using R(red), G(green), and B(blue) scale. In the next step, it splits the dataset of the graph images into training and validation datasets. We used 80% of the total dataset as the training dataset, and the remaining 20% as the validation dataset. And then, CNN classifiers are trained using the images of training dataset in the final step. Regarding the parameters of CNN-FG, we adopted two convolution filters ($5{\times}5{\times}6$ and $5{\times}5{\times}9$) in the convolution layer. In the pooling layer, $2{\times}2$ max pooling filter was used. The numbers of the nodes in two hidden layers were set to, respectively, 900 and 32, and the number of the nodes in the output layer was set to 2(one is for the prediction of upward trend, and the other one is for downward trend). Activation functions for the convolution layer and the hidden layer were set to ReLU(Rectified Linear Unit), and one for the output layer set to Softmax function. To validate our model - CNN-FG, we applied it to the prediction of KOSPI200 for 2,026 days in eight years (from 2009 to 2016). To match the proportions of the two groups in the independent variable (i.e. tomorrow's stock market movement), we selected 1,950 samples by applying random sampling. Finally, we built the training dataset using 80% of the total dataset (1,560 samples), and the validation dataset using 20% (390 samples). The dependent variables of the experimental dataset included twelve technical indicators popularly been used in the previous studies. They include Stochastic %K, Stochastic %D, Momentum, ROC(rate of change), LW %R(Larry William's %R), A/D oscillator(accumulation/distribution oscillator), OSCP(price oscillator), CCI(commodity channel index), and so on. To confirm the superiority of CNN-FG, we compared its prediction accuracy with the ones of other classification models. Experimental results showed that CNN-FG outperforms LOGIT(logistic regression), ANN(artificial neural network), and SVM(support vector machine) with the statistical significance. These empirical results imply that converting time series business data into graphs and building CNN-based classification models using these graphs can be effective from the perspective of prediction accuracy. Thus, this paper sheds a light on how to apply deep learning techniques to the domain of business problem solving.

Ex vivo Morphometric Analysis of Coronary Stent using Micro-Computed Tomography (미세단층촬영기법을 이용한 관상동맥 스텐트의 동물 모델 분석)

  • Bae, In-Ho;Koh, Jeong-Tae;Lim, Kyung-Seob;Park, Dae-Sung;Kim, Jong-Min;Jeong, Myung-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.93-98
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    • 2012
  • Micro-computed tomography (microCT) is an important tool for preclinical vascular imaging, with micron-level resolution. This non-destructive means of imaging allows for rapid collection of 2D and 3D reconstructions to visualize specimens prior to destructive analysis such as pathological analysis. Objectives. The aim of this study was to suggest a method for ex vivo, postmortem examination of stented arterial segments with microCT. And ex vivo evaluation of stents such as bare metal or drug eluting stents on in-stent restenosis (ISR) in rabbit model was performed. The bare metal stent (BMS) and drug eluting stent (DES, paclitaxel) were implanted in the left or right iliac arteries alternatively in eight New Zealand white rabbits. After 4 weeks of post-implantation, the part of iliac arteries surrounding the stent were removed carefully and processed for microCT. Prior to microCT analysis, a contrast medium was loaded to lumen of stents. All samples were subjected to an X-ray source operating at 50 kV and 200 ${\mu}A$ by using a 3D isotropic resolution. The region of interest was traced and measured by CTAN analytical software. Objects being exposed to radiation had different Hounsfield unit each other with values of approximately 1.2 at stent area, 0.12 ~ 0.17 at a contrast medium and 0 ~ 0.06 at outer area of stent. Based on above, further analyses were performed. As a result, the difference of lengths and volumes between expanded stents, which may relate to injury score in pathological analysis, was not different significantly. Moreover, ISR area of BMS was 1.6 times higher than that of DES, indicating that paclitaxel has inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and prevent infiltration of restenosis into lumen of stent. And ISR area of BMS was higher ($1.52{\pm}0.48mm^2$) than that of DES ($0.94{\pm}0.42mm^2$), indicating that paclitaxel has inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and prevent infiltration of restenosis into lumen of stent. Though it was not statistically significant, it showed that the extent of neointema of mid-region of stents was relatively higher than that of anterior and posterior region in parts of BMS as showing cross-sectional 2-D image. suggest that microCT can be utilized as an accessorial tool for pathological analysis.

The Effect of AD Noises Caused by AD Model Selection on Brand Awareness and Brand Attitudes (광고 모델 관련 광고 노이즈가 브랜드 인지도와 브랜드 태도에 미치는 영향)

  • Chung, Jai-Hak;Lee, Sang-Mi
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.89-114
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    • 2008
  • Most of the extant studies on communication effects have been devoted to the typical issue, "what types of communication activities are more effective for brand awareness or brand attitudes?" However, little research has addressed another question on communication decisions, "what makes communication activities less effective?" Our study focuses on factors negatively influenced on the efficiency of communication activities, especially of Advertising. Some studies have introduced concepts closely related to our topic such as consumer confusion, brand confusion, or belief confusion. Studies on product belief confusion have found some factors misleading consumers to misunderstand the physical features of products. Studies on brand confusion have uncovered factors making consumers confused on brand names. Studies on advertising confusion have tested the effects of ad models' employed by many other firms for different products on communication efficiency. We address a new concept, Ad noises, which are any factors interfering with consumers exposed to a particular advertisement in understanding messages provided by advertisements. The objective of this study is to understand the effects of ad noises caused by ad models on brand awareness and brand attitude. There are many different types of AD noises. Particularly, we study the effects of AD noises generated from ad model selection decision. Many companies want to employ celebrities as AD models while the number of celebrities who command a high degree of public and media attention are limited. Inevitably, several firms have been adopting the same celebrities as their AD models for different products. If the same AD model is adopted for TV commercials for different products, consumers exposed to those TV commercials are likely to fail to be aware of the target brand due to interference of TV commercials, for other products, employing the same AD model. This is an ad noise caused by employing ad models who have been exposed to consumers in other advertisements, which is the first type of ad noises studied in this research. Another type of AD noises is related to the decision of AD model replacement for the same product advertising. Firms sometimes launch another TV commercial for the same products. Some firms employ the same AD model for the new TV commercial for the same product and other firms employ new AD models for the new TV commercials for the same product. The typical problem with the replacement of AD models is the possibility of interfering with consumers in understanding messages of the TV commercial due to the dissimilarity of the old and new AD models. We studied the effects of these two types of ad noises, which are the typical factors influencing on the effect of communication: (1) ad noises caused by employing ad models who have been exposed to consumers in other advertisements and (2) ad noises caused by changing ad models with different images for same products. First, we measure the negative influence of AD noises on brand awareness and attitudes, in order to provide the importance of studying AD noises. Furthermore, our study unveiled the mediating conditions(variables) which can increase or decrease the effects of ad noises on brand awareness and attitudes. We study the effects of three mediating variables for ad noises caused by employing ad models who have been exposed to consumers in other advertisements: (1) the fit between product image and AD model image, (2) similarity between AD model images in multiple TV commercials employing the same AD model, and (3) similarity between products of which TV commercial employed the same AD model. We analyze the effects of another three mediating variables for ad noises caused by changing ad models with different images for same products: (1) the fit of old and new AD models for the same product, (2) similarity between AD model images in old and new TV commercials for the same product, and (3) concept similarity between old and new TV commercials for the same product. We summarized the empirical results from a field survey as follows. The employment of ad models who have been used in advertisements for other products has negative effects on both brand awareness and attitudes. our empirical study shows that it is possible to reduce the negative effects of ad models used for other products by choosing ad models whose images are relevant to the images of target products for the advertisement, by requiring ad models of images which are different from those of ad models in other advertisements, or by choosing ad models who have been shown in advertisements for other products which are not similar to the target product. The change of ad models for the same product advertisement can positively influence on brand awareness but positively on brand attitudes. Furthermore, the effects of ad model change can be weakened or strengthened depending on the relevancy of new ad models, the similarity of previous and current ad models, and the consistency of the previous and current ad messages.

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Using Google Earth for a Dynamic Display of Future Climate Change and Its Potential Impacts in the Korean Peninsula (한반도 기후변화의 시각적 표현을 위한 Google Earth 활용)

  • Yoon, Kyung-Dahm;Chung, U-Ran;Yun, Jin-I.
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.275-278
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    • 2006
  • Google Earth enables people to easily find information linked to geographical locations. Google Earth consists of a collection of zoomable satellite images laid over a 3-D Earth model and any geographically referenced information can be uploaded to the Web and then downloaded directly into Google Earth. This can be achieved by encoding in Google's open file format, KML (Keyhole Markup Language), where it is visible as a new layer superimposed on the satellite images. We used KML to create and share fine resolution gridded temperature data projected to 3 climatological normal years between 2011-2100 to visualize the site-specific warming and the resultant earlier blooming of spring flowers over the Korean Peninsula. Gridded temperature and phonology data were initially prepared in ArcGIS GRID format and converted to image files (.png), which can be loaded as new layers on Google Earth. We used a high resolution LCD monitor with a 2,560 by 1,600 resolution driven by a dual link DVI card to facilitate visual effects during the demonstration.