• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2008

The aim of this paper is to show the daylight environment of a light pipe system according to sun movement. A light pipe system has been mounted on the roof of the windowless full scale model: the solar spot has diameter of 0.65m and is 1.3m long, giving an aspect ratio of 1:2. The full scale model was installed on the rooftop of the SHINAN apartment in Yongin city that has no obstructions against sunlight. The test room is equipped with sensors for the measurements of the internal illuminance and has an area of 6m(W)$\times$6m(D)$\times$4m(H). The system has been monitored with a data-logger to evaluate the cumulative distribution of illuminance on a floor-plane from 16th, April to 29th, May, 2008 over one month and selected clear sky condition. For the daylight performance of floor area, the totally 49 measuring points has been used to determine the internal illuminance and an HP datalogger(HP34970A) records the measurements for one consecutive month. The horizontal external illuminance has been measured with two outdoor sensors. This paper presents the results of monitoring light pipe system with internal/external illuminance ratio and cumulative frequency distribution of floor-plane illuminance are discussed The results show that lightpipe is proficient device for introducing daylight into the building. However It provided different daylight indoor environment with wide or narrow Interquatile range of illuminance, internal/external illuminance ratio and cumulative frequency distribution according to solar positions under suuny sky condition. For more achieving the improvement of lightpipes also include energy savings, user visual comfort with various indicators; seasonal solar height, room and lightpipes geometries.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.135-149
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• 2017

The prediction of the actual ultimate capacity of confined concrete columns requires partial confinement utilization under eccentric loading. This is attributed to the reduction in compression zone compared to columns under pure axial compression. Modern codes and standards are introducing the need to perform extreme event analysis under static loads. There has been a number of studies that focused on the analysis and testing of concentric columns. On the other hand, the augmentation of compressive strength due to partial confinement has not been treated before. The higher eccentricity causes smaller confined concrete region in compression yielding smaller increase in strength of concrete. Accordingly, the ultimate eccentric confined strength is gradually reduced from the fully confined value $f_{cc}$ (at zero eccentricity) to the unconfined value $f^{\prime}_c$ (at infinite eccentricity) as a function of the ratio of compression area to total area of each eccentricity. This approach is used to implement an adaptive Mander model for analyzing eccentrically loaded columns. Generalization of the 3D moment of area approach is implemented based on proportional loading, fiber model and the secant stiffness approach, in an incremental-iterative numerical procedure to achieve the equilibrium path of $P-{\varepsilon}$ and $M-{\varphi}$ response up to failure. This numerical analysis is adapted to assess the confining effect in rectangular columns confined with conventional lateral steel. This analysis is validated against experimental data found in the literature showing good correlation to the partial confinement model while rendering the full confinement treatment unsafe.

• 천문학논총
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

In this study, we investigated the time signal devices of Deungnu (circa 1270) and Gungnu (1354), the water clocks produced during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). These clocks influenced Heumgyeonggaknu (1438) of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), exemplifying the automatic water clocks of the Yuan Dynasty. Deungnu, Gungnu, and Heumgyeonggaknu can be considered as automatic mechanical clocks capable of performances. The Jega-Yeoksang-Jip (Collection of Calendrical and Astronomical Theories of Various Chinese Masters) contains records of Deungnu extracted from the History of the Yuan Dynasty. We interpreted these records and analyzed reproduction models and technical data previously produced in China. The time signal device of Deungnu featured a four-story structure, with the top floor displaying the four divine constellations, the third floor showcasing models of these divinities, the second floor holding 12-h jacks and a 100-Mark ring, and the first floor with four musicians and a 100-Mark Time-Signal Puppet providing a variety of visual attractions. We developed a 3D model of Deungnu, proposing two possible mechanical devices to ensure that the Time-Signal Puppet simultaneously pointed to the 100-Mark graduations in the east, west, south, and north windows: one model reduced the rotation ratio of the 100-Mark ring to 1/4, whereas the other model maintained the rotation ratio using four separate 100-Mark rings. The power system of Deungnu was influenced by Suunuisangdae (the water-driven astronomical clock tower) of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127); this method was also applied to Heumgyeonggaknu in the Joseon Dynasty. In conclusion, these automatic water clocks of East Asia from the 13th to 15th centuries symbolized creativity and excellence, representing scientific devices that were the epitome of clock-making technology in their times.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.80-81
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• 2012

Recently, one of the critical issues in the etching processes of the nanoscale devices is to achieve ultra-high aspect ratio contact (UHARC) profile without anomalous behaviors such as sidewall bowing, and twisting profile. To achieve this goal, the fluorocarbon plasmas with major advantage of the sidewall passivation have been used commonly with numerous additives to obtain the ideal etch profiles. However, they still suffer from formidable challenges such as tight limits of sidewall bowing and controlling the randomly distorted features in nanoscale etching profile. Furthermore, the absence of the available plasma simulation tools has made it difficult to develop revolutionary technologies to overcome these process limitations, including novel plasma chemistries, and plasma sources. As an effort to address these issues, we performed a fluorocarbon surface kinetic modeling based on the experimental plasma diagnostic data for silicon dioxide etching process under inductively coupled C4F6/Ar/O2 plasmas. For this work, the SiO2 etch rates were investigated with bulk plasma diagnostics tools such as Langmuir probe, cutoff probe and Quadruple Mass Spectrometer (QMS). The surface chemistries of the etched samples were measured by X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer. To measure plasma parameters, the self-cleaned RF Langmuir probe was used for polymer deposition environment on the probe tip and double-checked by the cutoff probe which was known to be a precise plasma diagnostic tool for the electron density measurement. In addition, neutral and ion fluxes from bulk plasma were monitored with appearance methods using QMS signal. Based on these experimental data, we proposed a phenomenological, and realistic two-layer surface reaction model of SiO2 etch process under the overlying polymer passivation layer, considering material balance of deposition and etching through steady-state fluorocarbon layer. The predicted surface reaction modeling results showed good agreement with the experimental data. With the above studies of plasma surface reaction, we have developed a 3D topography simulator using the multi-layer level set algorithm and new memory saving technique, which is suitable in 3D UHARC etch simulation. Ballistic transports of neutral and ion species inside feature profile was considered by deterministic and Monte Carlo methods, respectively. In case of ultra-high aspect ratio contact hole etching, it is already well-known that the huge computational burden is required for realistic consideration of these ballistic transports. To address this issue, the related computational codes were efficiently parallelized for GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) computing, so that the total computation time could be improved more than few hundred times compared to the serial version. Finally, the 3D topography simulator was integrated with ballistic transport module and etch reaction model. Realistic etch-profile simulations with consideration of the sidewall polymer passivation layer were demonstrated.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2005

통행기종점(Origin-Destination)은 경로 선택 및 통행 배정 등 교통계획 측면에서 중요한 정보 중 하나이다. O/D 예측은 대부분 현장 조사나 가구 면접조사를 통하여 표본 O/D를 산출하고 이를 전수화하는 것이 전통적인 방법이고, 가로 교통량과 통행배정모형과의 상호관계 속에서 동적 O/D를 추정하고자 하는 연구도 있다. 그러나, 최근에는 휴대폰 보급의 괄목할만한 증대에 따라 휴대폰 정보를 이용하여 O/D를 추정하는 연구에 관심이 기울어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 휴대폰 기지국 정보를 이용한 O/D 추정 방법론을 제시하고, 휴대폰 기지국 기반 O/D를 행정동 기반 O/D로 변환하는 방법론을 제시한다. 연구를 위해 청주시에서 운행중인 택시에 GPS 장비 및 휴대폰 거치대를 설치하여 GPS 위치 좌표, 휴대폰 기지국 좌표를 수집하였고, 이중 3주간의 자료를 디지털 맵에 맵매칭시켜 기지국 위치 기반 O/D와 GPS 위치 기반 O/D를 산출하였다. GPS 위치 기반 O/D를 이용하여 주간 O/D 통행패턴, 주중 O/D와 주말 O/D 통행패턴, 일평균 O/D와 오전${\cdot}$오후 첨두시 O/D 통행패턴 사이의 관계를 산점도 및 상관계수로부터 유추한 견과, 주중 O/D와 주말 O/D간에는 통행패턴의 차이가 있으며, 오전 첨두시와 오후 첨두시의 통행패턴 역시 차이가 아는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 휴대폰 기지국 기반 O/D를 행정동 기반 O/D화하는 방법으로 GPS 분포비를 이용한 방법과 기지국 커버리지 면적비를 이용한 방법을 제시하였으며, 두 방법 모두 참 O/D라 생각할 수 있는 GPS 위치 기반 O/D와 크게 다르지 않은 것을 상관계수, 평균절대오차율(MAE), 제곱근 평균제곱오차(RMSE)를 통하여 확인하였다. 향후 휴대폰 정보만을 이용하는 경우에는 휴대폰 기지국 커버리지 면적비를 이용하는 방법을 이용하면 O/D를 추정할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 현재의 표본 택시 O/D를 전수화하는 방법도 제시하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.648-658
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between eating habits and health among adolescents in Shanghai and Heze, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 on 2,089 adolescents; 1,089 students were from Shanghai and 999 students from Heze region. Eating habits, weight, height, and nutritional knowledge were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Eating habits score was classified into two categories: healthy eating habits and unhealthy eating habits, based on "Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey", for statistical data analysis. Associations between eating habits, BMI, and nutritional knowledge were examined using a general linear model with adjustment of potential confounding factors such as region, gender, age, parents' education level, and pocket money. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS (version 9.3) program. Proportions of healthy eating habits group were 90.0% for breakfast (3-7 times/wk), 29.1% for fruit (${\geq}once/d$), 12.5% for vegetable (${\geq}3times/d$), 7.3% for milk (${\geq}2times/d$), 90.0% for fast food (<3 times/wk) consumption, respectively. The average BMI score was 20.1 (Shanghai 20.5 Heze 19.6), which is in the range of normal weight. Rates of obesity and overweight were 16.5% and 8.3% in Shanghai and Heze, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between intake frequencies of breakfast, fast food, biscuits, sugar, chocolate, and BMI score. Eating habits and nutritional knowledge score showed a significant positive correlation. These results showed better eating habits regarding eating regularity and consumption of fruits and soft drinks in Chinese adolescents compared with Korean adolescents, although cultural differences were not fully considered. This study demonstrated significant associations of BMI and nutritional knowledge with dietary behavior in Chinese adolescents in two regions of China. Further studies on Chinese adolescents from other regions in China should be considered.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2012

KOMPSAT-2와 같은 고해상 위성영상은 대상영역의 3차원 위치결정을 위하여 RPC(Rational Polynomial Coefficient)가 포함된 자료를 제공한다. 그러나 RPC로 계산된 영상기하는 일정량의 편이(systematic errors)를 지니고 있는 상태이며, 이를 보정하기 위해서는 수 개 이상의 지상기준점(ground control point)이 필요하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 지상기준점 없이 입체영상(stereo pair)과 SRTM(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) DEM(Digital Elevation Model) 사이의 대응점(tie point)만을 이용하여 자동으로 영상 기하를 보정하는 효과적인 방법을 제안하였다. 이러한 방법은 4가지 단계를 포함 한다: 1) 대응점 추출, 2) 대응점에 대한 지상좌표 결정, 3) SRTM DEM을 이용한 지상좌표의 보정, 4) RPC 보정 모델의 파라미터 결정. 우리는 KOMPSAT-2 입체영상을 이용하여 제안된 방법의 성과를 입증하였다. 검사점(check point)을 통해 계산된 RMSE(Root Mean Square Error)는 X와 Y, Z방향으로 각각 약 3.55 m, 9.70 m, 3.58 m를 나타냈다. 이는 SRTM DEM을 이용하여 RPC가 지닌 편이를 X, Y 및 Z 모든방향에 대하여 10 m이내의 정확도로 자동보정할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2013

Background: Published data regarding the association between xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) Lys751Gln and Asp312Asn polymorphisms and gastric cancer susceptibility havew been inconclusive. This meta-analysis was therefore performed toobtain a more precise estimation of any relationship. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify all case-control studies of Lys751Gln and Asp312Asn polymorphisms and susceptibility to gastric cancer. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and its 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model with the software STATA (version10.0). Results: A total of 12 case-control studies including 3,147 cases and 4,736 controls were included. Overall, no significant associations were found in some models (for Lys751Gln: Lys/Gln vs Lys/Lys: OR=1.144, 95% CI=0.851-1.541, Gln/Gln vs Lys/Lys: OR=1.215, 95% CI = 0.740-1.955, dominant model: OR=1.137, 95% CI=0.818-1.582; recessive model: OR=1.123, 95% CI=0.765-1.650; for Asp312Asn: Asp/Asn vs Asp/Asp: OR=1.180, 95% CI=0.646-2.154, dominant model: OR=1.380, 95% CI = 0.812-2.346), but significantly elevated susceptibility was found for Asp312Asn polymorphism in some models (Asn/Asn vs Asp/Asp: OR=2.045, 95% CI=1.254-3.335, recessive model: OR=1.805, 95% CI =1.219-2.672), for the additive model, the XPD Lys751Gln and Asp312Asn polymorphisms were not significantly associated with gastric cancer susceptibility. In stratified analyses, significantly elevated susceptibility was found for some models in the Chinese population. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested the XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism might be a potential biomarker of gastric cancer susceptibility in overall population, while both XPD Lys751Gln and Asp312Asn polymorphisms might be risk factors of gastric cancer susceptibility in Chinese.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2023

근감소증은 국내는 2021년 질병으로 분류되었을 만큼 잘 알려져 있지 않지만 고령화사회에 진입한 선진국에서는 사회적 문제로 인식하고 있다. 근감소증 진단은 유럽노인근감소증 진단그룹(EWGSOP)과 아시아근감소증진단그룹(AWGS)에서 제시하는 국제표준지침을 따른다. 최근 진단방법으로 절대적 근육량 이외에 신체수행평가로 보행속도 측정과 일어서기 검사 등을 통하여 근육 기능을 함께 측정할 것을 권고하고 있다. 근육량을 측정하기 위한 대표적인 방법으로 DEXA를 이용한 체성분 분석 방법이 임상에서 정식으로 실시하고 있다. 또한 MRI 또는 CT의 복부 영상을 이용하여 근육량을 측정하는 다양한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 근감소증 진단을 위해서 비교적 짧은 촬영시간을 갖는 CT의 복부영상기반으로 AI 영상 분할 모델을 개발하고 다기관 검증한 내용을 기술한다. 우리는 CT 영상 중에 요추의 L3 영역을 분류하여 피하지방, 내장지방, 근육을 자동으로 분할할 수 있는 인공지능 모델을 U-Net 모델을 사용하여 개발하였다. 또한 모델의 성능평가를 위해서 분할영역의 IOU(Intersection over Union)를 계산하여 내부검증을 진행했으며, 타 병원의 데이터를 활용하여 동일한 IOU 방법으로 외부검증을 진행한 결과를 보인다. 검증 결과를 토대로 문제점과 해결방안에 대해서 검증하고 보완하고자 했다.

• Current Applied Physics
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1248-1254
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• 2018

Magnetization versus temperature and magnetic-field measurements, M(T, $H_a$), have been carried out to study the magnetic and critical properties of polycrystalline $La_{1-x}Ba_xCoO_3$ (x = 0.3 and 0.5) cobaltites. These compounds with the density of ${\sim}6.2g/cm^3$ crystallized in the $R{\bar{3}}c$ rhombohedral and $Pm{\bar{3}}m$ cubic structures, respectively. With an applied field $H_a=200Oe$, M(T) data have revealed that the samples with x = 0.3 and 0.5 exhibit the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic (FM-PM) phase transition at the Curie temperature points $T_C=202$ and 157 K, respectively. At 4.2 K, the saturation magnetization ($M_{sat}$) decreases from 35.9 emu/g for x = 0.3-26.1 emu/g for x = 0.5. Particularly, the critical-behavior analyses in the vicinity of $T_C$ reveal all samples undergoing a second-order phase transition, with critical exponent values (${\beta}=0.328$ and ${\gamma}=1.251$ for x = 0.3, and ${\beta}=0.331$ and ${\gamma}=1.246$ for x = 0.5) close to those expected for the 3D Ising model. This proves short-range magnetic order existing in $La_{1-x}Ba_xCoO_3$. We believe that magnetic inhomogeneities due to the mixture of hole-rich FM regions (confined in the trivalent-cobalt hole-poor anti-FM matrix) and uniaxial anisotropy prevent long-range order in $La_{1-x}Ba_xCoO_3$.