• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.291-302
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• 2008

국내에서 사육되는 유색육용계 성장에 적합한 에너지와 단백질 수준을 구명하여 사료 급여 체계 확립에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 두 차례의 사양 실험을 수행하였다. 공시동물은 유색육용계 1일령 암, 수컷 1,404수를 사용하였고, 펜당 26수씩 배치하였다. 사료내 에너지 수준은 사육전기 5주간 3,000, 3,100 kg/kcal이며, 단백질 함량은 $0{\sim}2$주에 20, 21, 22%를 급여하였으며, $3{\sim}5$주에 18, 19, 20, 21, 22%로 처리하였다. 조사 항목은 체중, 사료 섭취량을 측정하여 생산성을 계산하였으며, 실험 종료시 혈액을 채취하여 분석하였다. 실험 1 : $0{\sim}2$주간 사료 ME 함량 차이에 따른 생산 능력은 처리구간에 차이가 없으며 CP 함량 차이에 기인한 증체량과 사료 섭취량도 차이가 없었지만 사료 요구율은 CP 21, 22% 처리구에서 CP 20% 처리구에 비하여 통계적으로 개선되었다(P<0.05). 실험 개시후 $3{\sim}5$주간에 사료 ME 3,100 kcal/kg 처리구에서 ME 3,000 kcal/kg 처리구에 비하여 사료 요구율은 개선되었다(P<0.05). 이 기간에 사료내 CP 22% 처리구는 낮은 수준의 처리구보다 증체량이 유의하게 증가하였고(P<0.05) 사료 요구율은 CP가 높은 수준의 사료를 급여시에 낮은 수준의 CP 처리구에 비하여 개선되었지만 사료 섭취량은 처리구간에 차이가 없었다(P<0.05). 이 기간에 증체량과 사료 요구율은 ME와 CP간 상호 작용하였다(P<0.05). 전 실험기간 5주간에 사료 요구율은 ME 3,100 kcal/kg 처리구에서 ME 3,000 kcal/kg 처리구보다 개선되었으며, CP (20)18% 처리구는 다른 처리구에 비하여 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 증폐량은 CP (22)22% 처리구에서 CP (21)21%, (20)18% 처리구보다 증가하였으며, ME와 CP간에 상호 작용은 증체량과 사료 요구율에서 나타났다(P<0.05). 혈중 알부민, 총콜레스레롤 함량은 ME 3,100 kcal/kg 처리구에서 ME 3,000 kcal/kg 처리구보다 증가하였지만 중성지방은 감소되었다(P<0.05). 한편 총콜레스테롤은 CP (22)21 처리구에서 CP (22)20, (20)18% 처리구에 비하여 증가하였다(P<0.05). 시험 2 : $0{\sim}2$주간 증체량은 ME 3,000 kcal/kg 처리구에 비하여 ME 3,100 kcal/kg 처리구에서 높게 나타났으며, CP 22% 처리구에서 CP 20% 처리구보다 유의하게 개선되었으며, CP과 ME는 상호 작용을 보였다(P<0.05). 사료 요구율은 CP 21, 22% 처리구에서 CP 20% 처리구보다 개선되었으나(P<0.05), $3{\sim}5$주 및 전체 사육 기간에 처리구간에 생산성은 차이가 없었다. 혈액 성상도 처리구간에 차이를 나타내지 않지만 ME와 CP 처리구간 총콜레스테롤 함량에 대한 상호 작용은 <.0001 수준에서 인정되었다. 따라서 교잡육용계 생리에 적합한 사료내 단백질 수준은 $0{\sim}2$주령에 22% 또는 그 이상의 수준으로 급여하고, $3{\sim}5$주의 단백질 수준은 21, 20% 수준으로 급여가 생산성의 극대화에 효과적일 것으로 생각되며, 사료내 에너지는 부분적으로 처리구간에 생산에 차이를 보였지만 일관성이 없었으므로 에너지 수준을 세분화하여 급여하는 추후의 시험이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2002

1974년 3월부터 1998년 8월까지 약 25년간 본 소아과에서 염색체 분석을 시행하였던 환아 중 염색체 이상증후군을 의심할 만한 임상증상을 가졌던 756례와 반음양, 경미한 성적 이상, 다발성 기형, 지능저하 및 성장장애 등이 있었던 424례의 결과를 종합한 총 1,180례의 결과를 비교 검토하였다. 1) 상염색체이상증후군의 남녀 비는 1.2 : 1이었다. 대상군의 연령분포는 상염색체이상군에서 1세 미만이 78.6%로 많았고, 성염색체이상군에서는 12세 이상이 89.8%로 많았다. 2) 전체 1180례 중 612례에서 염색체 이상을 보여 양성율이 51.9%였다. 그 중 상염색체이상증후군을 의심한 군의 경우는 597례 중 497례(83.2%)에서, 성염 색체이상을 의심한 군은 159례 중 93례(58.5%)에서, 기타 반음양, 경미한 성적 이상, 다발성 선천성 기형, 지능저하 및 성장장애에서는 424례 중 22례(5.2%)에서 이상소견을 보였다. 상염색체이상증후군 중 Down 증후군은 88.8%, E군 이상은 50%, D군 이상은 53.6%, 묘성 증후군은 71.4%의 양성율을 보였다. 성염색체이상증후군은 Turner 증후군은 63.3%, Klinefelter 증후군은 51.6%, Fragile X 증후군은 33.3%의 양성율을 보였다. 3) 염색체 이상의 핵형별 분포는 상염색체 이상이 514례로 83.8%, 성염색체 이상이 98례로 16.2%이었다. 성염색체 이상 중 Down 증후군이 86.8%로 가장 많았고 다음은 E군, D군, B군, A군, C군 이상 순이었다. 성염색체 이상은 Turner 증후군, Klinefelter 증후군, Fragile X 증후군이었다. 4) 가장 많았던 Down 증후군의 핵형별 빈도는 21 삼체성이 88.5%, 전좌형이 9.7%, mosaicism이 1.8%였다. 27례의 E군 이상 중 Edwards 증후군은 12례, 18p 단체성은 8례, 기타가 7례 였다. 15례의 D군 이상 중 Patau 증후군은 9례, 기타가 6례였다. 5) Turner 증후군은 57례 중 45,X가 19례로 33.3%였고 이형은 38례로 66.7%였다. Klinefelter 증후군은 32례 모두 47,XXY의 핵형이었다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2009

본 연구는 교사의 구강보건교육 실천과 자기효능감이 구강보건에 대한 인식에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 주요 관련 변인인 지식, 태도, 자기효능감, 실천의 관계에 대한 몇 가지 인과모형을 설정하였다. 서울시에 있는 특수학교 교사 376명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 217명의 응답자 가운데 198명을 대상으로 t-검정, 일원배치분산분석, 상관분석, 경로분석을 하였다. 1. 교사의 성별, 연령, 경력에 따라 교사의 구강보건지식, 구강보건교육 교육에 대한 자기효능감, 구강보건교육에 대한 태도 수준을 비교한 결과, 교사의 성별에 따른 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 교사의 연령에 따라 구강보건교육에 대한 자기효능감(p = 0.001)과 태도(p = 0.013)에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 또한 교사의 경력에 따라 구강보건지식, 구강보건교육에 대한 자기효능감과 태도는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 2. 교사의 구강보건지식, 구강보건교육에 대한 태도, 자기효능감, 구강보건교육 실천에 대한 상관관계를 분석하였다. 구강보건교육 태도, 자기효능감, 실천 사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 상관관계가 나타났으나, 교사의 구강보건 지식와 실천 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다. 3. 교사의 구강보건 지식이 직접적으로 교사의 구강보건교육 실천에 직접적인 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 교사의 구강보건교육에 대한 태도의 매개에 의해 교사의 구강보건교육 실천에 영향을 미치는 부분매개 모형(모형1)의 검증 결과, 지식과 태도 사이의 경로(Estimate=0.183, C.R.=0.294, p=0.003)와 태도와 실천 사이의 경로(Estimate=0.398, C.R. =3.090, p=0.002)는 통계적으로 유의하였으나, 지식과 실천 사이의 경로는 유의하지 않았다. 이 경로를 제외한 지식, 태도, 실천 사이의 완전매개 모형(모형1-1)은 모든 적합도 지수의 기준을 총족하였으나($x^2$=0.081, df=1, p=0.776, GFI=1.000, AGFI=0.998, NNFI= 1.178, NFI=0.996, CFI=1.000), 실천의 분산은 지식과 태도에 의해 충분히 설명되지 않았다(SMC=0.05). 4. 교사의 구강보건교육 실천이 구강보건교육에 대한 태도에 직접적인 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 구강보건교육에 대한 자기효능감의 매개에 의해 교사의 구강보건교육 태도의 매개에 의해 영향을 미치는 부분매개 모형(모형2)의 검증 결과, 실천과 태도 사이의 경로(Estimate=0.273, C.R.=5.734, p<0.001)와 교사효능감과 태도 사이의 경로(Estimate=0.242, C.R.=4.426, p<0.001)는 통계적으로 유의하였으나, 실천과 태도 사이의 경로는 유의하지 않았다. 이 경로를 제외한 실천, 교사효능감, 태도 사이의 완전매개 모형(모형2-1)은 모든 적합도 기준을 충족하였으나($x^2$=2.081, df=1, p=0.149, GFI=0.993, AGFI=0.958, RMSEA=0.074, NNFI=0,942, NFI=0.965, CFI=0.981), 태도의 분산은 실천과 교사효능감에 의해 충분히 설명되지 않았다(0.136). 5. 지식태도실천 모형(모형2-1)에 교사의 구강보건교육에 대한 자기효능감을 매개변인으로 추가한 지식태도 자기효능감실천 모형(모형3)은 적합하게 나타났으며 ($x^2$=3.971, d.f.=3, p=0.271, RMSEA=0.039, GFI=0.990, AGFI=0.967, NNFI=0.971, NFI=0.944, CFI=0.986), 실천의 분산 중 14.3%가 지식, 태도, 자기효능감에 의해 설명되었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.581-594
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• 2004

하계 동해의 기원 해수 T-S diagram 방법에다 용존 산소를 추가시키고, 자료를 위도-경도 평면상에서 표시하는 방법으로 기원해수를 판별하였다. 하계에 동해에서 총 8개의 기원해수가 판별되었다. 표층해수로는 1) 고온-저염의 EKCW, 2) 고온-최저염의 NKSW, 3) 고온-고염의 MTSW, 4) 저온-저염의 TSCW의 4종류와 5) 최고염의 TMW, 6) 저온-저염-고농도의 산소를 가지는 LCW인 2종류의 중층수 그리고 심층수로 7) 저온-고염-고농도의 산소를 가지는 ESIW, 8) 최저온-고염-저농도의 산소를 가지는 ESPW 8종류로 구분할 수가 있었다. 특히, 동해 중 북부 해역에서 발견된 최저염의 NKSW(North Korea Surface Water), 기존에 알려진 대마난류 표층수에 비해 고염의 특징을 보여준 MTSW(Modified Tsushima Surface Water), 그리고 타타르 해협에서 시베리아 연안을 따라 남하하는 TSCW(Tatar Surface Cold Water)등이 이번 연구에서 새롭게 정의되었다. 조성비로 본 기원 해수의 흐름 총 8개의 기원해수에 대해 조성비 50% 이상을 기준으로 한 각 기원해수의 흐름을 Fig. 7에 나타내었다. 먼저 표층의 흐름을 보면, EKCW는 대한해협 서수도를 통해 동해 연안을 따라 북상하는 흐름을 보였고, MTSW는 대단해협 동수도를 통해 동해로 진입하여 $40^{\circ}N$ 부근까지 영향을 미쳤다. TSCW는 타타르 해협에서 시베리아 연안을 따라서 블라디보스톡 부근까지 남하를 하였고, NKSW는 동해 중부의 $40^{\circ}NP{\sim}42^{\circ}N$ 부근에 국지적으로 분포하였다(Fig. 7a). 중층에서는, TMW가 $40^{\circ}N$ 부근까지 영향을 미쳤고, 동해 북부 해역에서 기원한 LCW와 ESIW에 세력에 막혀 더 북진을 못하고 동진하는 것으로 판단되었다. LCW는 동해 북부해역에서 반시계 방향의 순환하는 흐름과 연안을 따라서 남하하는 흐름 두 종류의 흐름이 있는 것으로 판단되었다(Fig. 7b). 심층에서는, ESIW가 동해 북부 연안을 따라 $36^{\circ}N$ 부근까지 남하하는 흐름을 보였고, ESPW는 수심 500m 부근에서 시베리아 연안을 따라 남부 연안까지 남하하는 한 줄기가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 점차 수심이 깊어지면서 동해 남 북부 전체를 ESPW로 채우고 있어 어떤 흐름의 특징보다는 동해 전체의 상당한 부피를 차지함을 알 수 있었다(Fig. 7d). 동해 북부해역에서 생성되는 냉수들이 연안을 따라서 동해 남부해역으로 이동하는 흐름을 보여주었다. 따라서 동해 내부 순환의 큰 줄기는 연안을 따라 흐르는 냉수들의 흐름이며, 매년 동해남부 해역에 발생하는 용승 현상도 이러한 흐름의 연장선에 있음을 짐작할 수 있다(Lee and Kim 2003).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2021

본 연구는 수행된 제6기와 제7기 1차년도 국민건강영양조사 2013-2016 자료를 이용하여 만 19-64세 성인 1인 가구의 식이 패턴에 따른 건강 및 영양상태를 조사하고 대사증후군 구성요소의 유병율과 위험도를 분석하였다. 주요 식이 패턴 도출을 위해 연구대상자의 장기간 섭취 패턴을 파악하고 만성질환과의 연관성을 평가하기에 적절한 [47] 반정량 식품섭취빈도조사지를 이용하였다. 식품섭취빈도조사지의 개별식품을 19개의 식품군으로 재분류하고 군집분석을 실시한 결과, 연구대상자들의 식이 패턴은 '밥과 김치' 패턴, '혼합식' 패턴, '유제품과 과일' 패턴의 총 3개 군집으로 추출되었다. 식이 패턴에 따른 연구대상자들의 일반적 특성은 '밥과 김치' 패턴과 '혼합식' 패턴에서 남성의 비율이 높았으며, 여성의 비율은 '유제품과 과일' 패턴에서 높았다. 연령은 '혼합식' 패턴은 19-29세가 많았으며, '유제품과 과일' 패턴은 50-64세가 많았다. 교육수준도 식이 패턴 간에 차이를 보였는데, '밥과 김치' 패턴에서 저학력 비율이 높은 반면 '유제품과 과일' 패턴은 고학력 비율이 높았다. 식생활 관련 요인을 비교한 결과, '혼합식' 패턴에서 아침 결식과 외식 비율이 높았으며, '유제품과 과일' 패턴은 식이보충제 이용이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 건강관련 요인을 분석한 결과, '혼합식' 패턴에서 높은 음주 빈도와 흡연 비율을 보였고, EQ-5D index는 '밥과 김치' 패턴에서 낮은 점수를 보였다. 영양소 섭취량을 비교한 결과에서 탄수화물 섭취량은 '밥과 김치' 패턴에서 높은 것으로 나타났으나, 그 외 지방, 비타민 A, 리보플라빈, 비타민 C, 나이아신, 칼슘, 인, 칼륨은 모두 '유제품과 과일' 패턴에서 섭취량이 가장 높았다. 본 연구에서는 식이 패턴에 따른 대사증후군 위험요소 위험도를 파악하기 위해 교란변수들을 차례로 보정한 후 분석을 실시하였다. 허리둘레와 중성지방은 기준치 이상이 될 위험도가 연령과 성별을 보정한 후에도 '유제품과 과일' 패턴에서 기준식이 패턴인 '밥과 김치' 패턴에 비해 각각 0.217배, 0.444배로 낮아졌으나 BMI, 폐경, 흡연상태, 음주, 에너지 섭취량을 보정한 후에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다 '밥과 김치' 패턴을 기준으로 대사증후군의 위험도를 비교하였을 때, 보정하지 않은 Model 1에서는 '유제품과 과일' 패턴에서 대사증후군 위험이 0.395배 (95% CI = 0.204-0.763)로 낮아 유의한 차이를 보였다. 교란변수를 차례로 보정한 후 식이 패턴이 대사증후군 위험도에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과에서는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 현재 지속적으로 1인 가구가 증가하고 있는 추세로 보아 1인 가구에 대한 실태 파악은 매우 중요하다. 따라서 1인 가구의 식이 섭취 현황을 기반으로 한 특성을 다양하게 고려하여 대상별 영양관리 프로그램을 맞춤형으로 실시한다면 이들의 건강 및 영양관리가 효율적으로 이루어질 수 있을 것이다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.63-86
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• 2010

Personalized services directly and indirectly acquire personal data, in part, to provide customers with higher-value services that are specifically context-relevant (such as place and time). Information technologies continue to mature and develop, providing greatly improved performance. Sensory networks and intelligent software can now obtain context data, and that is the cornerstone for providing personalized, context-specific services. Yet, the danger of overflowing personal information is increasing because the data retrieved by the sensors usually contains privacy information. Various technical characteristics of context-aware applications have more troubling implications for information privacy. In parallel with increasing use of context for service personalization, information privacy concerns have also increased such as an unrestricted availability of context information. Those privacy concerns are consistently regarded as a critical issue facing context-aware personalized service success. The entire field of information privacy is growing as an important area of research, with many new definitions and terminologies, because of a need for a better understanding of information privacy concepts. Especially, it requires that the factors of information privacy should be revised according to the characteristics of new technologies. However, previous information privacy factors of context-aware applications have at least two shortcomings. First, there has been little overview of the technology characteristics of context-aware computing. Existing studies have only focused on a small subset of the technical characteristics of context-aware computing. Therefore, there has not been a mutually exclusive set of factors that uniquely and completely describe information privacy on context-aware applications. Second, user survey has been widely used to identify factors of information privacy in most studies despite the limitation of users' knowledge and experiences about context-aware computing technology. To date, since context-aware services have not been widely deployed on a commercial scale yet, only very few people have prior experiences with context-aware personalized services. It is difficult to build users' knowledge about context-aware technology even by increasing their understanding in various ways: scenarios, pictures, flash animation, etc. Nevertheless, conducting a survey, assuming that the participants have sufficient experience or understanding about the technologies shown in the survey, may not be absolutely valid. Moreover, some surveys are based solely on simplifying and hence unrealistic assumptions (e.g., they only consider location information as a context data). A better understanding of information privacy concern in context-aware personalized services is highly needed. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to identify a generic set of factors for elemental information privacy concern in context-aware personalized services and to develop a rank-order list of information privacy concern factors. We consider overall technology characteristics to establish a mutually exclusive set of factors. A Delphi survey, a rigorous data collection method, was deployed to obtain a reliable opinion from the experts and to produce a rank-order list. It, therefore, lends itself well to obtaining a set of universal factors of information privacy concern and its priority. An international panel of researchers and practitioners who have the expertise in privacy and context-aware system fields were involved in our research. Delphi rounds formatting will faithfully follow the procedure for the Delphi study proposed by Okoli and Pawlowski. This will involve three general rounds: (1) brainstorming for important factors; (2) narrowing down the original list to the most important ones; and (3) ranking the list of important factors. For this round only, experts were treated as individuals, not panels. Adapted from Okoli and Pawlowski, we outlined the process of administrating the study. We performed three rounds. In the first and second rounds of the Delphi questionnaire, we gathered a set of exclusive factors for information privacy concern in context-aware personalized services. The respondents were asked to provide at least five main factors for the most appropriate understanding of the information privacy concern in the first round. To do so, some of the main factors found in the literature were presented to the participants. The second round of the questionnaire discussed the main factor provided in the first round, fleshed out with relevant sub-factors. Respondents were then requested to evaluate each sub factor's suitability against the corresponding main factors to determine the final sub-factors from the candidate factors. The sub-factors were found from the literature survey. Final factors selected by over 50% of experts. In the third round, a list of factors with corresponding questions was provided, and the respondents were requested to assess the importance of each main factor and its corresponding sub factors. Finally, we calculated the mean rank of each item to make a final result. While analyzing the data, we focused on group consensus rather than individual insistence. To do so, a concordance analysis, which measures the consistency of the experts' responses over successive rounds of the Delphi, was adopted during the survey process. As a result, experts reported that context data collection and high identifiable level of identical data are the most important factor in the main factors and sub factors, respectively. Additional important sub-factors included diverse types of context data collected, tracking and recording functionalities, and embedded and disappeared sensor devices. The average score of each factor is very useful for future context-aware personalized service development in the view of the information privacy. The final factors have the following differences comparing to those proposed in other studies. First, the concern factors differ from existing studies, which are based on privacy issues that may occur during the lifecycle of acquired user information. However, our study helped to clarify these sometimes vague issues by determining which privacy concern issues are viable based on specific technical characteristics in context-aware personalized services. Since a context-aware service differs in its technical characteristics compared to other services, we selected specific characteristics that had a higher potential to increase user's privacy concerns. Secondly, this study considered privacy issues in terms of service delivery and display that were almost overlooked in existing studies by introducing IPOS as the factor division. Lastly, in each factor, it correlated the level of importance with professionals' opinions as to what extent users have privacy concerns. The reason that it did not select the traditional method questionnaire at that time is that context-aware personalized service considered the absolute lack in understanding and experience of users with new technology. For understanding users' privacy concerns, professionals in the Delphi questionnaire process selected context data collection, tracking and recording, and sensory network as the most important factors among technological characteristics of context-aware personalized services. In the creation of a context-aware personalized services, this study demonstrates the importance and relevance of determining an optimal methodology, and which technologies and in what sequence are needed, to acquire what types of users' context information. Most studies focus on which services and systems should be provided and developed by utilizing context information on the supposition, along with the development of context-aware technology. However, the results in this study show that, in terms of users' privacy, it is necessary to pay greater attention to the activities that acquire context information. To inspect the results in the evaluation of sub factor, additional studies would be necessary for approaches on reducing users' privacy concerns toward technological characteristics such as highly identifiable level of identical data, diverse types of context data collected, tracking and recording functionality, embedded and disappearing sensor devices. The factor ranked the next highest level of importance after input is a context-aware service delivery that is related to output. The results show that delivery and display showing services to users in a context-aware personalized services toward the anywhere-anytime-any device concept have been regarded as even more important than in previous computing environment. Considering the concern factors to develop context aware personalized services will help to increase service success rate and hopefully user acceptance for those services. Our future work will be to adopt these factors for qualifying context aware service development projects such as u-city development projects in terms of service quality and hence user acceptance.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.26-45
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• 1992

본 연구는 약물의 작용기전이 각기 다른 methylphenidate와 imipramine을 투여하여 주의력결핍(注意力缺乏)${\cdot}$과잉운동장애(過剩運動障碍)(attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder : ADHD)아동에서 부모와 교사의 평정척도(平定尺度)로 행동변화를 그리고 신경심리학적검사(神經心理學的檢査)로 주의력(注意力)과 인지기능(認知機能)을 측정하여 두 약물이주는 영향이 행동영역(行動領域)과 인지기능(認知機能)에서 어떻게 다르게 나타나는 지를 비교검토해 본 것이다. 저자들은 미국정신의학회 정신질환 진단기준편람 개정3판(DSM-III-R)에 의거하여 주의력결핍(注意力缺乏)${\cdot}$과잉운동장애(過剩運動障碍)로 진단받은 생후 만 5년 6개월부터 12년 1개월사이의 남아 30명을 대상으로 이들의 임상적${\cdot}$의학적 특성을 조사하고, 지능검사를 포함한 신경심리학적검사(神經心理學的檢査)를 시행한 뒤, 부모(父母) 및 교사용(敎師用) 평정척도(評定尺度)로 이들의 행동을 평가하였다. 그리고 평가된 아동을 무작위로 15명씩 두 집단으로 나누어 각각 methylphenidate($0.5{\sim}0.6mg/kg)$와 imipramine(25${\sim}100mg$)을 경구투여(經口投與)하고, 투여 1개월후 및 2개월후에 각 1회씩 다시 부모와 교사들에게 같은 평정척도(評定尺度)로 이들의 행동을 평가시키고 아울러 지능검사(知能檢査)를 제외한 모든 신경심리학적검사(神經心理學的檢査)를 시행하였다. 그 결과를 보면 imipramine을 투여받은 아동들은 투여 1개월후 아동행동조사표(兒童行動調査表)(CBCL)의 외상성(外商性)과 과잉행동(過剩行動)${\cdot}$사회적위축요인(社會的萎縮要因)에서 호전을, 그리고 2개월후에는 학교상황질간지(學校狀況質間紙), 코너스씨(氏) 단축형 교사평정척도(短縮形 敎師平定尺度)(CATRS) 및 연속과제수행(連續課題遂行)(CPT)에서 호전을 보였다. 반면 methylphenidate를 투여받은 아동들은 투여 1개월후 부터 부모가 평가하는 코너스씨(氏) 단축형 부모평정척도(短縮形 父母平定尺度)(CAPRS), 아동행동조사표(兒童行動調査表) 및 연속과제수행(連續課題遂行)에서 호전을 보였고, 투여 2개월후에서도 같은 양상의 호전을 보였으며, 또한 아동행동조사표(兒童行動調査表)에서 외향성(外向性)은 물론 소통불능(疏通不能)${\cdot}$사회적위축(社會的萎縮)${\cdot}$과잉행동(過剩行動)${\cdot}$공격성(攻擊性)${\cdot}$비행요인(非行要因)에서도 호전양상을 보였다. 이와같은 결과는 이 두 약물이 모두 주의력(注意力)과 인지기능(認知機能)을 증진시키기는 하였으나, 보다 뚜렷한 변화는 methylphenidate 투여후에 볼 수 있었다. 특히 methylphenidate투여후 연속과제수행(連續課題遂行)에서 민감도(敏感度)와 반응오류수(反應誤謬數)의 호전이 있었으나 반응기준(反應基準)에는 변화가 없었다는 소견, 그리고 단기기억수행(短期記憶遂行)에서의 호전과 '같은 그림 찾기' 검사의 오류수(誤謬數)에서 변화가 없었다는 소견은 methylphenidate가 훈기요인(勳機要因)의 호전에 의한 이차적인 변화에 의한 것이 아니라 주의집중력(注意集中力)에 직접적으로 효과를 나타내는 것으로 해석할 수 있었다. 또한 이같은 소견으로 주의력결핍(注意力缺乏)${\cdot}$과잉운동장애환아(過剩運動障碍患兒)에서의 충동성(衝動性)은 이 장애의 중심증상이 아니거나, 이들 약물투여에 의해 호전되지 않거나, 호전의 측정에 문제가 있을 수도 있겠다. 마지막으로 주의력결핍(注意力缺乏)${\cdot}$과잉운동장애(過剩運動障碍)에서 과잉행동(過剩行動)과 주의력결핍(注意力缺乏)이 서로 다른 신경전달체계(神經傳達體系)를 통해서 나타날 가능성에 대해서도 논의하였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.144-157
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• 1992

Bensulfuron-methyl은 생이활성(生理活性)이 특히 높고 제초(除草) spectrum이 큰 것으로 알려져 주요 논잡초방제에 사용되고 있으나, 피 및 올방개 등에 대한 방제효과(防除效果)는 다소 미흡하다. 따라서 이들 잡초종(雜草種)에 대한 선택적(選擇的) 작용력(作用力)이 비교적 큰 동시에 다른 약제의 흡수를 증대시키는 것으로 밝혀진 oxyfluorfen과의 혼합사용(混合使用) 가능성(可能性)을 찾고자 oxyfluorfen 0.25% 입제(粒劑)와 bensulfuron 0.15% 입제(粒劑)를 각각 0, 5, 10, 15, 20g ai/ha수준의 16 혼합조합(混合組合)을 공시(供試)하였다. 일년생과 다년생 주요 잡초종(雜草種)을 대상으로 수도(水稻) 이앙후(移秧後) 5 일에 각각 처리하였으며, 처리한 35 일후에 지상부 생체중(生體重)을 조사하여 각각 처리에 대한 방제율(防除率)을 산정하였다. 두 약제 의 혼합사용(混合使用) 가능성(可能性)은 여러가지 "Joint action model"을 이용하여 두 약제의 상호작용을 비교분석(比較分析)하는 방법으로 검토하였다. 먼저 각초종에 대하여 분산분석(分散分析)한 결과, 피와 올방개 및 잡초 전체에 대해서는 1% 유의수준(有意水準)에서 상호작용효과(相互作用效果)가 인정되었으며 가래와 너도방동사니는 5% 유의수준(有意水準)에서 상호작용효과(相互作用效果)가 인정되었다. 그러나 물달개비, 올챙고랭이, 올미 등은 상호작용효과(相互作用效果)가 인정되지 않았다. 피와 올방개 및 전체초종을 대상으로 혼합모델들을 적용시킨 결과 전체적으로 Colby method와 Regression method는 유사한 결과를 보였다. Calculus method는 해석상(解析上)의 어려움이 있었으나 전반적으로는 이들과 큰 차이가 없었다. Isobole method는 일정한 $ID_X$에서만 상호작용해석(相互作用解析)이 가능하므로 천체적인 약량범위(藥量範圍)의 상호작용(相互作用)을 해석하기는 어렵기 때문에 최소한의 합리적인 잡초방제(雜草防除)를 만족시킬 수 있는 $ID_{30}$ 이상의 Isobole은 작성할 수 없었다. EQM의 경우 ${\theta}$값의 범위(範圍)에 따라 상호작용(相互作用)의 type을 결정하는데 상호작용효과(相互作用效果)의 크기를 비교하려는 입장에서는 해석상(解析上)의 어려움이 따랐다. 본 연구의 결과에서는 다른 Model을과 달리 올방개에 대한 효과에서 Synergism을 나타냈다. 여러 모델들이 모두 동일한 결과를 보여주지는 않았으나 bensulfuron 5~10g과 oxyfluorfen 5~10g을 혼합처리(混合處理)할 경우 synergistic한 경향을 보이며 방제율(防除率)도 비교적 높아 이 수준의 약량을 혼합처리(混合處理)하면 bensulfuron만으로 방제가 어려운 잡초의 방제는 물론 약량 감소를 가져올 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1994

주요 미질특성에 대한 품종 및 환경변이정도를 파악하고자 자포니카 5개 품종과 통일형 두 품종을 1989년에 중부평야지인 수원 및 이천과 중서해안간 척지인 남양, 호남평야지인 이리 및 남서해안간척지인 계화에서는 보통기 보비재배로, 영남평야지인 밀양에서는 맥후작 만식으로 재배하여 생산된 쌀의 외관 및 도정특성과 주요 이화학적 특성 및 식미를 비교분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 쌀 외관 및 도정특성을 비롯하여 쌀의 이화학적 특성, 밥의 물리성 및 식미총평 등 모든 미질특성에서 현저한 품종간 차이를 나타내었고, 산지간변이가 두드러졌던 미질특성은 쌀 외관, 도정특성, 알칼리붕괴도, 단백질함량, K/Mg율, 호화개시온도, 강하점도(breakdown) 및 치반점도(setback)였는데 이들 특성의 산지변이는 전변이의 14~54%에 달하였으며 품종$\times$산지간 교호작용변이가 특히 켰던 미질특성은 식미총평과 응집(consistency) 및 치반점도였다. 2. 벼 품종간 미질특성의 차이는 특히 자포니카와 통일형 품종군간에 현저하였는데 통일형 품종들이 자포니카품종들에 비해 쌀 외관품질 및 도정률이 떨어지고 1.0% 저농도 KOH 용액의 쌀 붕괴도와 아밀로스함량이 약간 낮은 반면 단백질함량과 K/Mg율은 약간 높은 편이었으며 최고점도, 강하점도 및 응집점도가 다소 높은 반면 치반점도는 유의하게 낮았고 식미가 크게 떨어졌다. 식미가 양호했던 자포니카품종들은 단백질함량이 약간 낮으면서 K/Mg을 및 밥의 점성/경도비율이 약간 높은 경향이었다. 3. 현미천립중은 이리산미가 타 지역산미에 비해 두드러지게 무거웠고 수원, 계화 및 밀양산미가 소립인 경향이었으며 정현비율이나 등숙면에서는 밀양산이 가장 떨어졌고 이리나 이천산이 양호하였다. 건전미율은 남양간척지산미가 가장 높았으며 계화간척지산미가 가장 낮았다. 4. 쌀의 아밀로스함량은 계화간척지산미가 타 지역산미에 비해 약 1%가량 낮았고 단백질 함량은 중부지역산미가 남부지역산미에 비해 유의하게 약 1%가량 낮았으며 K/Mg율은 계화 및 이리산미가 가장 낮았던 반면 밀양산미가 가장 높았다. 식미총평은 품종별로 생산지에 따라 상당히 달랐는데 평균적으로 남양산미가 가장 좋았고 다음으로 수원>이리>이천>계화>밀양 순이었다 5. 쌀의 알칼리 붕괴도는 밀양 맥후작산미가 가장 높았고 호남평야지산미가 가장 낮았는데 비해 아밀로그래프의 호화개시온도는 수원과 이리산미가 가장 낮았던 반면 밀양산미가 가장 높았다. 강하점도는 밀양산미가 가장 낮았고 다음이 이천산미가 낮았던데 비해 계화 및 이리산미가 가장 높았으며 치반점도는 이와 정반대의 경향을 나타내었다. 밥의 점성 /경도비율은 지역간 차이가 유의하지는 않았으나 남부평야산미가 중부평야산미에 비해 다소 떨어지는 경향이었다. 6. 식미와 관련이 있는 쌀 외관품질 및 이화학적 특성을 이용한 주성분 분석에서 전정보의 약 59% 설명이 가능한 제 1 및 제 2 주성분치상의 7개 품종별 6개 산지미의 분포로 보아 품종에 따라서 산지 반응이 달랐는데 대체로 자포니카와 통일형 품종군간 구분과 밀양, 중부평야 및 호남평야의 세 산지간 구분이 가능하였다. 산지내 품종간 미질변이는 남양간척지와 이리산미가 비교적 작았는데 수원산미는 이천과 남양산미의 미질변이를, 계화산미는 이리산미의 미질변이를 거의 포괄하였다.