• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.631-640
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• 2012

This research project investigates the differences of various body locations (between 3D body models) and drapes garments digitally onto 3D body models. Three different subject models will be given explication. It consisted of (1) data collection of three-dimensional scans (2) creation of 3D body representations (3) comparison of avatar shapes and measurements (4) visualization and assessment of 3D body models and their 3D virtual garments. The study tests a theory of impact by differences in avatars by pattern design. A visual inspection of avatars showed clear differences between the six avatar types (in the generating process); however, there was notably less difference between 3D garment simulations based upon the six avatars produced. This demonstrated that there was less influence on the 3D garments than was predicted after a visual inspection of the avatars.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.157-175
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• 2015

The study was aimed to develop a torso-type dress form representing body features of the female fashion models in Korea. To fulfill this purpose, 5 female fashion models aged between 20 and 26 having the average body measurements of professional fashion models in Korea were selected and their 3-D whole body scanned data were analysed. The 3-D whole body scanning method enabled to generate a virtual female fashion model within the CAD system by measuring the subjects' body shapes and sizes. In addition, the virtual model's body data led the development of a standard female fashion model dress form for the efficient fashion show preparation. In order to manufacture the real dress form for female fashion models, 3-D printing technology was adopted. The consequent results are as follows: (1) the body measurements (unit: cm) of the developed dress form were: biacromion length, 36.0, bust point to bust point, 16.6, front/back interscye lengths, 32.0/33.0, neck point to breast point, 26.0, neck point to breast point to waist line, 41.5, waist front/back lengths, 34.5/38.5, waist to hip length, 24.0, bust circumference, 85.0, underbust circumference, 75.0, waist circumference, 65.0, hip circumference, 92.0. (2) the body measurements differences between the developed and existing dress forms were highlighted with the body measurements of neck point to breast point and waist to hip length. (3) the body shape features of the developed dress form showed that bust, shoulder blade, shoulder slope, abdomen and back waist line to hip line parts were more realistically manufactured.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.966-971
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• 2011

This study is designed to develop programs that analyze the distance of clothes from human skin and cross-sectional body figures based on 3D human body scan data, and to verify accuracy and efficiency of the program so that it can be used for clothing fit evaluation and 3D human body research. The auto cross-sectional imaging program was developed by using Visual C++ and OpenGL, and the 3D human body scan data were adopted to measure the space between skin and clothing. The space measurements were obtained by two widely used programs, RapidForm and AutoCAD, and a program devised by the researchers of this study. Measuring time and space measurements from different programs were compared in order to verify accuracy and efficiency of the newly-devised program. As a result, no significant difference was found in the measurements. However, the required time to measure one cross section was different within the significance level of 0.05, and the differences become more remarkable as the number of measuring and the angle of space between skin and clothing increase. Therefore, the program developed by this study is expected to be useful for research on body shapes and fit evaluation based on 3D human body scan data in the fashion field.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.595-606
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• 2020

This study develops an optimal two-dimensional (2D) pattern from three-dimensional human scan data by considering the cycling posture and dermatome of high school male cyclists. By analyzing the body surface change in the cycling posture and considering the dermatome of the lower limbs, the optimal cutting line setting and the development of cycling tights for individual cyclists were presented to provide data that could be used in the clothing industry. We designed three cycling tights to solve the size unsuitability. 3D design 1 is a non-extension design based on the analysis of the 3D human body scan data, in which parts were connected diagonally from the front of the knee to the back of the knee. 3D design 2 removed both the front and back to reduce air resistance during cycling. 3D design 3 did not have a cutting line on the front panel because of the air resistance during cycling in the front area. We analyzed the garment pressure for 8 points of lower body and performed a subjective evaluation of the 3D designed tights and the current cycling tights. The 3D design 1 in this study was well received in the omphalion, thigh, and hip area, while 3D design 3 was well received in the omphalion, thigh, hip, and bottom bands. Therefore, the LoNE of 3D design 1 was applied to the front, and the hip cutting line of 3D design 3 was applied to the back.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.150-159
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• 2012

This study intend to analyze differences between 3D body scanning sizes and direct measurement sizes of same subjects. The subjects of study are female students of university in China. 3D data analyze as a 3D Body Measurement Soft System. The conclusion found is as below: In case of circumferences, error between direct-measurement size and 3D body scanning size is from 4.9mm to 62.2mm. The neck circumference size of directmeasurement is bigger than 3D body scanning size. The height error range is from 0.6mm to 51mm. Height of underbust, waist and hip are that direct-measurement sizes are higher than 3D body scanning sizes. Gap of width is from 3.8mm to 21.9mm. The gap range is too narrow relatively to others. Only direct-measurement size of neck width is wider than 3D body scanning size. Error range of length is from 0.3mm to 41.8mm. 3D body scanning sizes of lateral neck to waistline, upperarm length, arm length, neck shoulder point to breast point, shoulder center point to breast point, lateral shoulder to breast point are longer than direct-measurement sizes. They have a negative margin of error. I intend to set up same measurement point between direct-measurement and 3D body scanning but they have some errors because direct-measurement point is applied by a person. 3D body scanning measurement point is settled by automatic system. A measurement point of direct-measurement and 3D body scanning isn't unite. So we need to make a standard of setting up measurement points.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.136-145
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• 2012

This research proposes a pattern making method for women's bodice by the characters of body types and develops bodice dress forms on their body shapes applying 3D body scan data. 515 women's body scan data was collected and analyzed factor and cluster analysis. Three body types were characterized in normal, obese, and slim group. In each group, 10 subjects were selected. 20 parts in 3D anthropometric data were measured using Autocad program. The amount of waist dart was calculated and three types of basic bodice pattern were developed using the calculated darts data. The amount and the position of front dart and side dart were different at obese group in comparison of normal and thin group. The three types of basic bodice model were made by the basic bodice pattern, and each model was scanned by 3D scanner to make 3D bodice dress forms. Three types of bodice dress forms were rendered using 3D max program. Bodice dress forms had the dart lines and were useful to draft patterns to fit their body shape.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.713-720
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to propose the method reproducing three dimensional figure data to a reconstructed body by the styrofoam board. To make the reconstructed body, the 3D figure data were rotated to make symmetry and the surfaces were edited. The horizontal curves were gathered equally-spaced based on the waist horizontal plane. we proposed the process to cut the styrofoam board according to the horizontal curves, to assemble them to organize the shape of the body figure and to coat the surface with the knitted. The 3-dimensional figure data of straight type, swayback type, lean-back type and bend-forward type were selected and the reconstructed bodies were made as above. And the compatibility was verified by the measurement comparison and deviations between 3-dimensional figure data and reconstructed body.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.440-458
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• 2019

Based on a 3D body data and pattern comparison analysis, this study developed a formal jacket pattern for men in their late 30s. In order to select the representative type of men in their late 30s, factor analysis and cluster analysis were conducted on data form 319 men, 35 to 39 years old using the anthropometric data from The 7th Size Korea (2015) as the representative body type. The surface of the body surface was developed using a 3D human shape of a male in his 30s in The 6th Size Korea (2010). Then the shape was changed to a flat pattern that confirmed the necessary elements for setting the shape and dimension. Cluster analysis revealed type B as the representative type because it showed the best shape characteristics for men in the late 30s. The drafting method of the final research pattern is as follows. Jacket length: stature/2.5cm, back length: stature/5+8.5cm (constant)], armhole depth: [stature/ 7-1.5cm (constant)], back width: [C/9+9.5cm (constant)]+1cm (ease), front width: [C/9+8.5cm (constant)]+1cm (ease), armscye depth: C/8, front waist darts: 1cm, front closure amount: 2cm.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.193-212
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to classify the body types of obese men in their 50-60s and compare them with those of obese middle-aged men in their 30-40s. The 3D anthropometric data of obese men aged 50 to 60 years from the 6th Size Korea. The data are analyzed using SPSS 25.0 for Windows, and descriptive statistics, χ² test, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis are used to classify obese body types. As a result of the study, five factors are extracted to determine body types, which are classified into three obese body types through cluster analysis. 1) a large physique and consequently large circumference and height; 2) A short upper body length, short height, and thick belly; 3) the lowest rate of obesity and relatively flat abdominal curve. For the 30-40s group, Type1 showed the highest rate at 55.6%, whereas for the 50s group, Type3 showed the highest rate at 49.3%, and for 60s group, Type2 showed the highest rate at 41.2%. The classification accuracy of the discriminant function for each type is 94.7%, indicating relatively high accuracy. Furthemore, the recently changed obese body type are analyzed by comparing it with the 3D anthropometric data of 8th Size Korea, which will contribute to the utilization of basic data for manufacturing apparel for obese men.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.163-167
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• 2009

3D human body scan technique is known to be practically useful in industrial field as the technique becomes more precise and cheaper. Landmark extraction is essential for full utilization of the scan data. In this paper, we suggest an algorithm for automatic landmark extraction. For this purpose, we perform markerless matching to the target data using PCA analysis and quasi-Newton optimization. Landmarks are extracted from the topology of resulting body.