• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1745-1749
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• 2014

Background: Platycodin D (PD), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Platycodonis radix, possesses anti-cancer effects in several cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate its anticancer activities in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: MTT and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation, along with flow cytometry and Western blotting for apoptosis. Cell adhesion was tested by observing cellular morphology under a microscope, while the transwell assay was employed to investigate the cell migration and invasion. Results: PD concentration-dependently inhibited cell proliferation in both HepG2 and Hep3B cells, and significantly suppressed colony formation and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. The protein levels of cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and Bax were up-regulated while that of survivin was down-regulated after treatment with PD. Moreover, PD not only obviously suppressed the adhesion of HepG2 cells to Matrigel, but also remarkably depressed their migration and invasion induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Conclusions: PD presents anti-cancer potential in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting cell adhesion, migration and invasion, indicating promising features as a lead compound for anti-cancer agent development.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.206-212
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• 2014

Objectives: This was to evaluate the current usage of three erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA) and their efficacy for management of anemia in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: It was a retrospective comparative study through review of electronic medical records of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing PD at a tertiary teaching hospital from January 1998 to June 2013. Results: Average administration frequency was 1.66 times/week in EPO group, 0.75 times/week in DA group, and 0.19 times/week in MPG-EPO group. At the first 4 weeks, there were significant differences in mean hemoglobin levels between EPO and DA groups ($9.25{\pm}1.28g/dL$, $10.02{\pm}0.95g/dL$ each, p = 0.018) and also in hemoglobin response rates (10.0%, 45.2% each, p = 0.008), but since after 4 week, there had been no significant differences. There also showed no significant differences in achievement of hemoglobin target between the two groups. When converted to MPG-EPO in EPO/DA groups, there showed a slight increase in hemoglobin levels of both groups. MPG-EPO was the highest compared with two other drugs by the average cost based on the average weekly dose. Conclusion: EPO, DA, and MPG-EPO showed similar effects in treatment of anemia of PD patients based on hemoglobin target range (11.0~12.0 g/dL) which NFK-K/DOQI guidelines suggest. Though the average cost of MPG-EPO was higher than the other two drugs, the number of PD patients using MPG-EPO has increased and it is thought that long half-life and low administration frequency of MPG-EPO have improved the compliance of PD patients who have to self-administrate.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

Background: To investigate the differences of locomotor dynamics between Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with tremor dominant symptom and patients with postural instability dominant symptom. Methods: 66 subjects with PD were classified into two subgroups, tremor-dominant group and postural instability and gait disorder group by Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS). The spatial, temporal and electrodynamic gait parameters were recorded automatically using computerized 3-D motion analysis system with electrogoniometer. Results: There was no significant difference in cadence, pelvic tilt range, hip flexion range, knee flexion range and ankle dorsiflexion range. Postural instability and gait disorder group showed decreased gait velocity, short stride length, decreased range of motion in pelvic obliquity, pelvic rotation and ankle plantar flexion. Conclusions: There was meaningful difference in locomotor dynamics between Parkinson's disease(PD) patients with tremor dominant symptom and patients with postural instability dominant symptom.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07d
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• pp.1222-1225
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• 1997

A gaseous oxygen detector has been developed in a configuration of Pd-$SnO_x$-$Si_3N_4$-$SiO_2$-Si-Al with highly resistive $SnO_x$ layer as the oxygen adsorptive element. In this paper, we present the characteristics of the device in response to oxygen adsoption/desorption under applied d.c. bias. Experimental results showed that the oxygen adsorptive response by the device was reduced significantly under a positive gate bias, for all experimental regions of $O_2$ partial pressure. On the other hand, the application of a negative gate bias increased the device's adsorptive response of oxgyen. A device model concerning this electroadsorption/desorption behavior of the device is provided.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.76-80
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• 2000

Soft x-ray standing waves produced by a multilayer interference substrate add depth-sensitivity to magnetic circular dichroism to resolve changes in Co magnetism across a 10${\AA}$ distance from the Co center to the Co-Pd interface of a Pd/Co/Pd trilayer having in-plane magnetization. Large enhancements of in-plane orbital and spin magnetic moments, as well as the number of d holes, are strongly localized in a thin interface layer. These results provide new insight into the phenomenon of magnetic anisotropy at buried interfaces, and suggest a broad applicability of such standing wave measurements to interface magnetism studies.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07c
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• pp.1843-1844
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• 2003

154 kV급 가스절연개폐장치(GIS)용dp 장착할 수 있는 내장형 극초단파 (UHF) 부분방전(PD) 센서의 고주파 특성을 전산모사 하였다. UHF PD 센서는 일종의 광대역 안테나이므로 3차원 전자기장 해석도구를 활용하여 주파수 또는 시간 영역에서 고주파특성을 해석하였다. 센서의 구조를 결정하는 센서장착용 구멍과 센서의 크기를 변수로 조절하면서 내장형 UHF PD 센서의 특성을 해석 하였다. 센서가 장착되는 구멍의 크기와 센서의 구조변화에 따라 반사손실이 변화하였으며 GIS의 전파 mode의 영향을 받는다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.249-253
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• 2009

This paper dealt with the insulation evaluation by a measurement of partial discharge(PD) on traction motors used in a hybrid vehicle. The PD method has been accepted as an effective and a non-destructive. technique to evaluate insulation performance of low-voltage electric and electronic devices. In this paper, the PD measurement system which was manufactured with a coupling network, a low noise amplifier, and an associated electronics is described. The PD measurement system has the frequency bandwidth of $1[MHz]{\sim}30[MHz]$ at -3 [dB] and the stable sensitivity of 19 [mV/pC] for the traction motor. From the experimental results, discharge inception voltage (DIV) and apparent charge (q) were $1,100[V_{rms}]$ and 105 [pC] for the used motor, and $1,400[V_{rms}]$ and 84 [pC] for the new one. By comparing the DIV and q, we could evaluate the insulation condition for the traction motors.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.442-450
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• 2022

Diverse pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines that are expected to exhibit bioactivity were synthesized through O-arylation and Suzuki coupling reactions. Microwave-assisted O-arylation was successfully performed using a Cu metal catalyst, so that 4 position of pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine could be substituted with phenol group. In addition, 4-aryl substituted pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines were synthesized with good to excellent yields by microwave-assisted Suzuki coupling reaction using a Pd metal catalyst. By using microwaves as reaction conditions for diversification of derivatives, it was possible to dramatically overcome the disadvantages of traditional heat reactions of long reaction times and heat transfer efficiency problems. The result of this study can be used to be diversify pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives, which are expected to play an important role in the drug discovery research.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.10 s.113
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• pp.959-966
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• 2006

This paper proposes a new concept about dual band predistortion linear power amplifier(PD LPA) using diplexer for digital cellular ($f_o$=880 MHz) and IMT-2000($f_o$=2,140 MHz) base stations. The diplexer is composed of low pass filter having defected ground structure(BGS) microstrip line and high pass filter having high-Q lumped capacitors and distributed elements. The proposed predistorter adopts a reflection type intermodulation signal generator with 3 dB hybrid coupler for good reflection characteristic. for a forward link one carrier CDMA IS-95A 1FA and WCDMA 1FA signal, the proposed dual band PD LPA shows the adjacent channel leakage ratio(ACLR) improvement about 10 dB and 9.36 dB for digital cellular and IMT-2000 band, respectively.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2023

Purpose: This study assessed the intensity of artifacts produced by 2 metal posts, 2 cements, and different exposure parameters using 2 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) units. Materials and Methods: The sample was composed of 20 single-rooted premolars, divided into 4 groups: Ni-Cr/zinc phosphate, Ni-Cr/resin cement, Ag-Pd/zinc phosphate, and Ag-Pd/resin cement. Samples were scanned before and after post insertion and cementation using a CS9000 3D scanner with 4 exposure parameters (85/90 kV and 6.3/10 mA) and an i-CAT scanner with 120 kV and 5 mA. The presence of artifacts was assessed subjectively by 2 observers and objectively by a trained observer using ImageJ software. The Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, weighted kappa, and chi-square tests were used to assess data at a 95% confidence level(α<0.05). Results: In the subjective analyses, AgPd presented more hypodense and hyperdense lines than NiCr (P<0.05), and more hypodense halos were found using i-CAT (P<0.05) than using CS9000 3D. More hypodense halos, hypodense lines, and hyperdense lines were observed at 10 mA than at 6.3 mA (P<0.05). More hypodense halos were observed at 85 kV than at 90 kV (P<0.05). CS9000 3D presented more hypodense and hyperdense lines than i-CAT (P<0.05). In the objective analyses, AgPd presented higher percentages of hyperdense and hypodense artifacts than NiCr (P<0.05). Zinc phosphate cement presented higher hyperdense artifact percentages on CS9000 3D scans(P<0.05). CS9000 3D presented higher artifact percentages than i-CAT(P<0.05). Conclusion: High-atomic-number alloys, higher tube current, and lower tube voltage may increase the artifacts present in CBCT images.