• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1157-1168
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different amounts of wheat bran (WB) inclusion and postbiotics form by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and phytase co-fermented wheat bran (FWB) on the growth performance and health status of broilers. Methods: Study randomly allocated a total of 300 male broilers to a control and 4 treatment groups (5% WB, 5% FWB, 10% WB, and 10% FWB inclusion, respectively) with each pen having 20 broilers and 3 pens per treatment. Results: The WB does not contain enzymes, but there are 152.8, 549.2, 289.5, and 147.1 U/g dry matter xylanase, protease, cellulase and β-glucanase in FWB, respectively. Furthermore, FWB can decrease nitric oxide release of lipopolysaccharide stimulated chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells by about two times. Results show that 10% FWB inclusion had significantly the highest weight gain (WG) at 1 to 21 d; 5% FWB had the lowest feed conversion rate at 22 to 35 d; 10% WB and 10% FWB inclusion have the highest villus height and Lactobacillus spp. number in caecum; and both 5% and 10% FWB can increase ash content in femurs. Compared to control group, all treatments increase mucin 2, and tight junction (TJ), such as occludin, claudin-1, zonula occludens-1, and mRNA expression in ileum by at least 5 folds. In chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase-1 mRNA expression decreases from 2 to 5 times, and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit mRNA expression also increases in all treatment groups compared to control group. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-κB, and IL-1β, decreases in 5% and 10% FWB groups compared to control group. Conclusion: To summarize, both WB and FWB inclusion in broilers diets increase TJ mRNA expression and anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, but up to 10% FWB groups have better WG in different stages of broiler development.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.125-125
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• 2023

Estuarine dams are dams constructed in estuaries for reasons such as securing freshwater resources, controlling water levels, and hydroelectric power generation. These estuarine dams alter the flow of freshwater to the coastal ocean and the tidal properties of the estuaries which has implications for the estuaries' circulation and sediment transport. A previous study has analyzed the effect of estuarine dams on 1D (along-channel) circulation and sediment transport. However, the effect of estuarine dams on the transverse variability of along-channel and across-channel circulation and sediment transport has not been studied and is not known. In this study, a coupled hydrodynamic-sediment dynamic numerical model (COAWST) was used to analyze the transverse variability of along-channel and across-channel flow and sediment transport in estuaries with estuarine dams. The estuarine dam was found to change the 3D structure of circulation and sediment transport, and the result was found to depend on the estuarine type (i.e., strongly stratified (SS) or well-mixed (WM) estuary). The SS estuary had inflow in the channel and outflow over the shoals, consistent with estuarine circulation. Longer discharge interval reduced the estuarine circulation. The WM estuary had inflow over the shoals and outflow in the channel, consistent with tide-induced circulation. As the estuarine dam was located nearer to the estuary mouth, the tide-induced circulation was reduced and replaced with estuarine circulation. The lateral circualtion was the greatest in the tide-dominated estuaries. It was reduced and changed direction due to differential advection change as the dam was located nearer the mouth. Overall, the WM estuary transverse flow structure changed the most. Lateral sediment flux was important in all estuaries, particularly for transporting sediments to the tidal flats.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.185-191
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• 1993

연구배경 : ICAM-1은 90 kD의 당단백으로서 ${\beta}_2$ integrin과 관계를 가지며, 특발성 폐섬유증의 병인론에 있어서 ICAM-1의 발현과 밀접한 관계가 있다고 보고되고 있다. 특발성 폐섬유종에 있어서 ICAM-1의 발현 정도는 상향조절된다. 특발성 폐섬유증에 있어서 ICAM-1의 발현 양상에 대한 보고는 드물다. 방법 : 본 연구는 특발성 폐섬유증에 있어서 ICAM-1의 발현 양상을 연구하고자 개흉폐생검으로 채취된 특발성 간질성 폐섬유증 3예의 6절편과 폐절제시 채취한 3예의 정상조직을 연구재료로 하여 ICAM-1의 단세포군항체를 이용하여 연역조직화학적 검색을 실시하였다. 결과 : ICAM-1은 3예의 정상조직의 기관지 상피세포나 폐포 세포에서는 발현되지 않았다. 3예의 특발성 폐섬유증 6절편 중 5절편에서 폐포벽의 간질성 섬유아 세포들에서 발현되었고, 1절편에서는 증식된 폐포내 폐포세포에서 발현되었다. 그 정도는 비균질적인 양상을 보였다. 3예의 6절편 중 5절편에서 강한 발현을 1절편에서는 약한 발현정도를 나타냈다. 결론 : 위의 연구 결과를 종합하여 보면, ICAM-1의 발현 증가는 특발성 폐섬유증의 병인과 상당한 관련이 있음을 암시해 주는 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.487-496
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• 1995

Previous studies have demonstrated that not all A. actinomycetemcomitans produced significant level of leukotoxic factor and its leukotoxicity have associated with serotype and genetic variation. Our aim was to investigate on the interrelationship between serotype and leukotoxicity of an A. actinomycetemcomitans consisting of 13 clinically well characterized. Korean isolates and to evaluate if particular virulent clonal types of A. actinomycetemcomitans are associated with periodontal disease. For this study, 13 strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans from 6 patients with periodontal disease were isolated and identified by using a selective medium(tryptic soy agar supplemented with 10% serum, $75{\mu}g$ of bacitracin and $5{\mu}g$ of vancomycin per ml) in 10% C02 incubator for 3days with routine Gram staining, colony morphology and biochemical test..For serotyping, antisera were prepared from reference strains of 5 serotypes. (ATCC 29523,Y4, SUNY aB 67, IDH 781, IDH 1705) and then ammonium sulfate precipitation, immunoabsorption and indirect immunofluoroscent procedures were done. For analysis of leukotoxicity, sonic extract of A. actinomycetemcomitans exposed to PMN, and trypan blue was stained for counting the cell viability. Finally Southern blot analyses of genomic DNA digested with the restriction enzyme Tag I was done and the Southern blots were hybridized with the 530bp fragment, termed delta 530, originating from the ltx promoter of strain 652 and deleted from strain JP2. Also ltxA-3.1 and SC2 probe from strain JP2 were hybridized with genomic DNA fragments. Results reveal that strains isolated showed approximately equal proportions of 3 serotypes(b, d, e) and serotype b was not detected. 2 patients harbored 2 different serotypes in the same disease site. The prevalence of leukotoxic strain was 23% and there was no relationship between serotype, leukotoxicity and clinical observations. Especially virulent clonal types of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitan (JP2 strain) could not found. Further studies are necessary on the genetic polymorphism of leukotoxin and its relations to clinical status.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.867-873
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• 1993

결정화 시간 및 반응 혼합물내의 $H_2O/Al_2O_3$의 비가 AlPO$_4$-5 분자체의 합성에 미치는 영향을 X-선 회절(XRD), 질소흡착실험, 전자현미경(SEM) 그리고 고체상 $^{27}$Al nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)를 사용하여 조사하였다. 반응온도가 150$^{\circ}$C일 때 AlPO$_4$-5의 결정화 시간에 따른 결정성은 S자형 곡선을 보였으며, 유도기간(induction period)은 1시간 이내인 것으로 나타났다. 반응물에서 생성물, AlPO$_4$-5로의 전환을 명확히 관측할 수 있었으며 약 2시간의 결정화 전후 측정된 모든 물성은 큰 변화를 보였다. 반응물내의 $H_2O/Al_2O_3$의 비가 증가함에 따라 다결정의 AlPO$_4$-5는 육각기둥 모양의 단결정으로 변화하였으며 얻어진 결정의 길이/너비의 비는 증가하였다.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

The fabrications condition and superconducting properties of top-seeded melt growth (TSMG) processed $GdBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$ (Gd123) bulk superconductors were studied. Processing parameters (a maximum temperature ($T_{max}$), a temperature for crystal growth ($T_G$) and a cooling rate ($R_G$) through a peritectic temperature ($T_P$) for the fabrication of single grain Gd123 superconductors were optimized. The magnetic levitation forces, trapped magnetic fields, superconducting transition temperature ($T_c$) and critical current density ($J_c$) of the Gd123 bulks superconductors were estimated. Single grain Gd123 bulk superconductors were successfully fabricated at the optimized processing condition. The $T_c$ of a TSMG processed Gd123 sample was 92.5 K and the $J_c$ at 77 K and 0 T was approximately $50kA/cm^2$. The trapped magnetic field contour and magnetic levitation forces were dependent on the top surface morphology of TSMG processed Gd123 samples. The single grain Gd123 samples, field-cooled at 77 K using a Nd-B-Fe permanent magnet with 5.27 kG and 30 mm dia., showed the trapped magnetic field contour of a single grain with a maximum of 4 kG at the sample center. The maximum magnetic levitation forces of the single grain Gd123 sample, field-cooled or zero field-cooled, were 40 N and 107 N, respectively.

• 폴리머
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.580-586
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• 2008

4,4'-(Hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) 와 1,3-bis (3-aminophenoxy) benzene(BAPB)의 조성에 2,2-bis [4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl] hexafluoropropane (BAPP)를 다양한 몰 비에 따른 폴리이미드(PI) 공중합체를 합성하였다. PI 공중합체 필름들은 여러 열처리 과정을 통하여 용액 캐스팅 (solution casting)된 폴리아믹산(PAA)으로부터 얻었다. 퓨리에 변환 적외선 분광기(FT-IR), 넓은 각 X-선 회절(XRD), 전계 방사형 주사 전자 현미경(FE-SEM) 시차 주사 열량계(DSC)와 열 중량 분석기(TGA), 만능 인장 시험기 (UTM) 그리고 자외선-가시광선 흡광도기 (UV-Vis. spectrometer) 등을 사용하여 PI 공중합체 필름의 열적 기계적 성질, 모폴로지 및 광학 투명도를 측정하였다. PI 공중합체 필름의 유리전이온도 및 최종 강도와 초기 탄성률은 BAPP의 몰 비가 증가할수록 증가하였으나, 초기분해온도는 BAPP의 몰 비 증가에 무관하게 일정하였다. BAPP가 charge transfer complex를 형성하는 이유로 BAPP 농도가 증가함에 따라 PI 공중합체 필름의 투명도는 약간씩 감소하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2021

Objective : This study aims to investigate the relationship between aneurysm wall enhancement and clinical rupture risks based on the magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (MR-VWI) quantitative methods. Methods : One hundred and eight patients with 127 unruptured aneurysms were prospectively enrolled from Feburary 2016 to October 2017. Aneurysms were divided into high risk (≥10) and intermediate-low risk group (<10) according to the PHASES (Population, Hypertension, Age, Size of aneurysm, Earlier SAH history from another aneurysm, Site of aneurysm) scores. Clinical risk factors, aneurysm morphology, and wall enhancement index (WEI) calculated using 3D MR-VWI were analyzed and compared. Results : In comparison of high-risk and intermediated-low risk groups, univariate analysis showed that neck width (4.5±3.3 mm vs. 3.4±1.7 mm, p=0.002), the presence of wall enhancement (100.0% vs. 62.9%, p<0.001), and WEI (1.6±0.6 vs. 0.8±0.8, p<0.001) were significantly associated with high rupture risk. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that WEI was the most important factor in predicting high rupture risk (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.9; p=0.002). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis can efficiently differentiate higher risk aneurysms (area under the curve, 0.780; p<0.001) which have a reliable WEI cutoff value (1.04; sensitivity, 0.833; specificity, 0.67) predictive of high rupture risk. Conclusion : Aneurysms with higher rupture risk based on PHASES score demonstrate increased neck width, wall enhancement, and the enhancement intensity. Higher WEI in unruptured aneurysms has a predictive value for increased rupture risk.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

A total of 144 one-day-old male broilers (ROSS ${\times}$ Ross 308) ($42{\pm}0.1g$) were used in a completely randomized design and allotted to one of three dietary treatments to give 6 replicates per treatment (8 birds per cage). The three watery dietary treatments were 1) a corn-soybean meal-based relation [Negative control (NC); no antimicrobial compounds added] with tab water, 2) 8 ppm liquid-alpha-lipoic acid [Positive control (PC)] or 3) 100 ppm liquid-resveratrol. All dietary treatments were continuously provided as a liquid form. Birds were housed in a battery cage (n=48), and were offered liquid dietary treatments at all times. The ambient temperature was maintained at $32{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for the first 3 weeks and decreased gradually to $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ by the end of the experiment (d 35) to induce moderate heat stress. One bird per pen (n=6) was euthanized via cervical dislocation at day 21 to obtain terminal ileum to measure villous height and crypt depth, while another bird per pen (n=6) was similarly euthanized at day 35 and used to harvest breast meat and drumsticks to evaluate meat quality traits. Birds fed liquid-resveratrol did not improve (P>0.05) body weight and average daily gain compared with those fed other dietary treatments from day 1 to day 35. Birds fed liquid-resveratrol had no effect (P>0.05) on villous height compared with birds were in other dietary treatments at day 21. Liquid-resveratrol had no effect (P>0.05) on thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in drumsticks compared with other dietary treatments at day 35. Furthermore, birds fed liquid-resveratrol had no effect (P>0.05) on DPPH radical scavenging activity both in breast meat and drumsticks compared with those fed other dietary treatments at day 35. Morphological changes of ileum were not observed by immunofluorescence, and the level of occludin protein from ileum extracts also did not differ among groups. Our results suggested that liquid form of antioxidant compounds used in the current study such as alpha-lipoic acid (8 ppm) or resveratrol (100 ppm) did not improve growth performance, meat quality traits and histology of terminal ileum compared with those fed negative control in broiler chickens under moderate heat stress for 35 days.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2004

대뇌조직 구분을 위한 실험적인 정보를 제공하기 위한 뇌조직 확률 지도를 개발하는 경우 개인마다 구조적으로 다양한 형태를 가진 뇌의 특성과 특히 인종간의 두드러진 차이론 반드시 고려해야 한다 본 연구에서는 특정 그룹에 대한 뇌조직 확률 지도를 제작하는데 필요한 절차를 알아보고 나이에 따른 그룹간의 뇌조직 확률 지도의 구조적인 차이를 살펴보고자 한다 피험자 그룹은 100명의 건강한 한국인이며 나이에 따라 두 그룹으로 분류하였다. 뇌 확률 지도의 기준 좌표계를 설정하기 위해 전체 그룹 내의 모든 피험자의 뇌 영상에 대한 평균 영상을 구하고, 각 뇌 영상을 기준 좌표계로 정규화 시킨다. 정규화 과정에서 얻어진 변환 매개 변수를 미리 각 뇌조직(회질, 백질, 뇌척수액)으로 분할된 피험자의 영상에 적용하고 각 그룹 내에서 변환된 뇌 조직 영상을 평균함으로써 뇌 조직 확률 지도를 완성하였다. 나이에 따른 구조적인 차이를 살펴보기 위해 그룹간 확률 값의 차이 영상을 구하였다. 이전 연구결과에서와 마찬가지로 나이가 증가함에 따라 뇌실이 확대되고 회질의 위축이 전체적인 뇌 영역에서 일어났다. 그러므로 우리는 대뇌 조직 분할을 위해 설험적인 정보들을 사용하고자 할 때는 특정 그룹에 대한 뇌 확률 지도를 사용할 것을 제안한다.