• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.72-74
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• 2011

Rendering complex 3D model on smart mobile device with limited processing power and memory is challenging. Without optimization, the complex 3D model cannot be rendered smoothly. Special techniques are required to take into account to speed up the processing. In this paper, we will discuss about some approaches to alleviate the problem.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.186-192
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• 2021

Recently, the demand for more precise and demand-oriented customized spatial information is increasing due to the 4th industrial revolution. In particular, the use of 3D spatial information and digital twins which based on spatial information, and research for solving social problems in cities by using such information are continuously conducted. Globally, non-face-to-face services are increasing due to COVID-19, and the national policy direction is also rapidly progressing digital transformation, digitization and virtualization of the Korean version of the New Deal, which means that 3D spatial information has become an important factor to support it. In this study, physical objects for cities defined by world organizations such as ISO, OGC, and ITU were selected and the target of the 3D object model was limited to buildings. Based on CityGML2.0, the data collected using a drone suitable for building a 3D model of a small area is selected to be updated through road name address and building ledger, which are administrative information related to this, and LoD2.5 data is constructed and urban space. It was intended to suggest an object update method for a 3D building among data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.249-250
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• 2010

The study aims to propose a method that shall rapidly acquire 3D spatial information of the frequently changing city areas by using the low altitude aerial images taken by the UAV. The artificial 3D model of the artificial structures was constructed using the aerial image data photographed at the test area, calibration data of the non-metric camera and the results of the ground control point survey. Also, the digital surface model was created for areas that were changed due to a number of civil works. Through the above studies, the possibilities of constructing a 3D virtual city model, renewal of 3D GIS database, abstraction of changed information in geographic features and on-demand updating of the digital map were suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.455-466
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• 2006

In this paper, 3D objects is created from the real scene that is used by an active sensor, which gets depth and RGB information. To get the depth information, this paper uses the $Zcam^{TM}$ camera which has built-in an active sensor module. <중략> Thirdly, calibrate the detailed parameters and create 3D mesh model from the depth information, then connect the neighborhood points for the perfect 3D mesh model. Finally, the value of color image data is applied to the mesh model, then carries out mapping processing to create 3D object. Experimentally, it has shown that creating 3D objects using the data from the camera with active sensors is possible. Also, this method is easier and more useful than the using 3D range scanner.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1996.06b
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• pp.18-21
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• 1996

In the field of Virtual Reality, many studies have been reported. Especially, there are many studies on generating virtual creatures on computer systems. In this paper we propose an algorithm to automatically generate 3D fish models from 2D images which are printed in illustrated books, pictures or handwritings. At first, 2D fish images are captured by means of image scanner. Next, the fish image is separated from background and segmented to several parts such as body, anal fin, dorsal fin, ectoral fin and ventral fin using the proposed method“Active Balloon model”. After that, users choose front view model and top view model among six samples, respectively. 3D model is automatically generated from separated body, fins and the above two view models. The number of patches is decreased without any influence on the accuracy of the generated 3D model to reduce the time cost when texture mapping is applied. Finally, we can get any kinds of 3D fish models.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.49-62
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• 2022

Borehole Data is geotechnical information provided so that workers can safely perform construction at the field. It creates 3D data and supports viewing as a 3D image. Currently, all Korean companies that develop programs using 3D visualization use the MVS program developed by C Tech Development Corporation. However, the MVS program is a commercial program, and it is difficult to use MVS in 3D related programs developed by Korean Companies. In this paper, we propose to develop a program that can replace MVS to generate a 3D stratum model from clustered borehole information using Python's Gempy open-source. The 3D stratum model program can creates point data for each stratum and can creates a surface for each stratum through interpolation. Then, the 3D stratum model program is completed by merging the surfaces of each stratum. It was confirmed that there was no difference when a 3D model was created and compared with the MVS program and the proposed program from the borehole data of a Goyang area.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.06d
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• pp.226-229
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• 2000

A 2D comic model, a comic-style line drawing model having only eyebrows, eyes, nose and mouth, is much easier to generate facial expressions with small number of points than that of 3D model. In this paper we propose a 3D emotional editor using a 2D comic model, where emotional expressions are represented by using action units(AU) of FACS. Experiments show a possibility that the proposed method could be used efficiently for intelligent sign-language communications between avatars of different languages in the Internet cyberspace.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1177-1179
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• 2003

Recently, the ground-based laser profiler is used for acquisition of 3D spatial information of a rchaeological objects. However, it is very difficult to measure complicated objects, because of a relatively low-resolution. On the other hand, texture mapping can be a solution to complement the low resolution, and to generate 3D model with higher fidelity. But, a huge cost is required for the construction of textured 3D model, because huge labor is demanded, and the work depends on editor's experiences and skills . Moreover, the accuracy of data would be lost during the editing works. In this research, using the laser profiler and a non-calibrated digital camera, a method is proposed for the automatic generation of 3D model by integrating these data. At first, region segmentation is applied to laser range data to extract geometric features of an object in the laser range data. Various information such as normal vectors of planes, distances from a sensor and a sun-direction are used in this processing. Next, an image segmentation is also applied to the digital camera images, which include the same object. Then, geometrical relations are determined by corresponding the features extracted in the laser range data and digital camera’ images. By projecting digital camera image onto the surface data reconstructed from laser range image, the 3D texture model was generated automatically.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2013

This study investigated the application and the change of various architectural models by analyzing expression viewpoint media, which were applied to the visual information of digitalized 3D contemporary architectural models. The purpose of this study was to specify how modern architects have changed 3D architectural models to conceptual, logical, and formational visual information in the process of design. This study discovered a framework of analyses by theoretically investigating a relationship between expression media and expression change in the process of visualizing architectural models. Using the framework of analyses, this study analyzed how the expression viewpoints of architectural model information have been changed and applied. The transformation media of the visual information of digitalized 3D architectural models can be classified into conceptual, analytical, and formational information: 1) Contemporary architects used author-centered subjective viewpoints to express architectural concepts, which were generated in the process of their design. They selected a perspective viewpoint and a bird's eye view in order to present their architectural concepts and to depict them with one architectural model by expanding the visual scope of conceptual information. 2) Contemporary architects adopted observer-centered objective bird's eye view expression media to effectively present their architectural information to building owners and viewers. They used transformal media, which integrate architectural information into 3D and change it to different scales, in order to express their architecture logically. 3) Contemporary architects delivered model information about the generation and change of forms by expressing the image of a project from an author-centered viewpoint, instead of objectively defining formational information. They explained the generation principle of architectural forms via transformal media which develop and rotate an architectural model.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.928-934
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• 2009

Although the evolution and deployment of information technologies will undoubtedly play an important role in the current construction industry, many engineers are still unsure of the economic value of using these technologies. Especially for the planning of a construction project, a collaboration system to utilize the whole resources is a essential tool for the successful outcome. A detailed, authoritative, and readily accessible information model is needed to enable engineers to make cost-effective decisions among established and innovative plan alternatives. Most engineers rely on limited private experiences when they create solutions or design alternatives. Initial planning is crucial for the success of the construction project. Most construction projects are done through collaboration of engineers who have different specialized knowledge. Information technologies can dramatically enhance the performance of the collaboration. For the information delivery, we need a mediator between engineers. Object-based 3-D models are useful for the communication and decision assistance for the intelligent project design. In this paper, basic guidelines for the 3-D design according to different construction processes are suggested. Adequate interoperability of 3-D objects from any CAD system is essential for the collaboration. Basic architectures of geometry models and their information layer were established to enable interoperability for design checks, estimation and simulation. A typical international project for roadway was chosen for the pilot project. 3-D GIS model was created and bridge information models were created considering several requirements for planning and decision making of the project. From the pilot test, the integrated construction project planning using 3-D information models was discussed and several guidelines were suggested.