• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2015

A telerobot offers a more engaging and enjoyable interaction with people at a distance by communicating via audio, video, expressive gestures, body pose and proxemics. To provide its potential benefits at a reasonable cost, this paper presents a telepresence robot system for video communication which can deliver speaker's head motion through its display stanchion. Head gestures such as nodding and head-shaking can give crucial information during conversation. We also can assume a speaker's eye-gaze, which is known as one of the key non-verbal signals for interaction, from his/her head pose. In order to develop an efficient head tracking method, a 3D cylinder-like head model is employed and the Harris corner detector is combined with the Lucas-Kanade optical flow that is known to be suitable for extracting 3D motion information of the model. Especially, a skin color-based face detection algorithm is proposed to achieve robust performance upon variant directions while maintaining reasonable computational cost. The performance of the proposed head tracking algorithm is verified through the experiments using BU's standard data sets. A design of robot platform is also described as well as the design of supporting systems such as video transmission and robot control interfaces.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.171-187
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• 2022

Recently, the demand and development for non-face-to-face services are rapidly progressing due to the pandemic caused by the COVID-19, and attention is focused on the metaverse at the center. Entering the era of the 4th industrial revolution, Metaverse, which means a world beyond virtual and reality, combines various sensing technologies and 3D reconstruction technologies to provide various information and services to users easily and quickly. In particular, due to the miniaturization and economic increase of convergence sensors such as unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) capable of high-resolution imaging and high-precision LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) sensors, research on digital-Twin is actively underway to create and simulate real-life twins. In addition, Game engines in the field of computer graphics are developing into metaverse engines by expanding strong 3D graphics reconstuction and simulation based on dynamic operations. This study constructed a mirror-world type metaverse that reflects real-world coordinate-based reality using Unreal Engine 5, a recently announced metaverse engine, with accurate 3D spatial information data of convergence sensors based on unmanned aerial system(UAS) and LiDAR. and then, spatial information contents and simulations for users were produced based on various public data to verify the accuracy of reconstruction, and through this, it was possible to confirm the construction of a more realistic and highly utilizable metaverse. In addition, when constructing a metaverse that users can intuitively and easily access through the unreal engine, various contents utilization and effectiveness could be confirmed through coordinate-based 3D spatial information with high reproducibility.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.269-286
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• 2011

The purpose of this thesis is to examine difficulties students face in the inquiry activities of quadratic surface throughout mathematically gifted students' analogical inference and the influence of Cabri 3D in students' inquiry activities. For this examination, students' inquiry activities were observed, data of inferring quadratic surface process was analyzed, and students were interviewed in the middle of and at the end of their activities. The result of this thesis is as following: First, students had difficulties to come up with quadratic surfaced graph in the inquiry activity of quadratic surface and express the standard type equation. Secondly, students had difficulties confirming the process of inferred quadratic surface. Especially, students struggled finding out the difference between the inferred quadratic surface and the existing quadratic surface and the cause of it. Thirdly, applying Cabri 3D helped students to think of quadratic surface graph, however, since it could not express the quadratic surface graph in a perfect form, it is hard to say that Cabri 3D is helpful in the process of confirming students' inferred quadratic surface.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.247-253
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• 2019

In this paper, we present a new method for real-time tracking of human walking around a laser sensor system. The method converts range data with $r-{\theta}$ coordinates to a 2D image with x-y coordinates. Then human tracking is performed using human's features, i.e. appearances of human walking pattern, and the input range data. The laser sensor based human tracking method has the advantage of simplicity over conventional methods which extract human face in the vision data. In our method, the problem of estimating 2D positions and orientations of two walking human's ankle level is formulated based on a moving trajectory algorithm. In addition, the proposed tracking system employs a HMM to robustly track human in case of occlusions. Experimental results using a real system demonstrate usefulness of the proposed method.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2017

This study investigated the topographic relationships among the eyeball and four orbital margins with the aim of identifying the correlation between orbital geometry and eyeball protrusion in Koreans. Three-dimensional (3D) volume rendering of the face was performed using serial computed-tomography images of 141 Koreans, and several landmarks on the bony orbit and the cornea were directly marked on the 3D volumes. The anterior-posterior distances from the apex of the cornea to each orbital margin and between the orbital margins were measured in both eyes. The distances from the apex of the cornea to the superior, medial, inferior, and lateral orbital margins were 5.8, 5.8, 12.0, and 17.9 mm, respectively. Differences between sides were observed in all of the orbital margins, and the distances from the apex of the cornea to the superior and inferior orbital margins were significantly greater in females than in males. The anterior-posterior distance between the superior and inferior orbital margins did not differ significantly between males (6.3 mm) and females (6.2 mm). The data obtained in this study will be useful when developing practical guidelines applicable to forensic facial reconstruction and orbitofacial surgeries.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• v.3 no.1_2
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• pp.97-109
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• 2003

A large scale polygon models are often used to approximately represent 3D CAD models in Digital Engineering environment such as DMU (Digital Mockups) and network based collaborative design. However, they are not suitable for distribution on the network and for interactive rendering. We introduce a new coding system based on subdivision schemes called S-CODE system. In this system, it is possible to highly compress the model with sufficient accuracy and to view the model efficiently in a level of detail (LOD) fashion. The method is based on subdivision surface fitting by which a subdivision surface and curves which approximate a face of a CAD model are generated. We also apply a subdivision method to analytic surfaces such as conical and cylindrical surfaces. A prototype system is developed and used for evaluation with reasonably complicated data. The results show that the method is useful as a CAD data coding system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.107-117
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• 2003

Objective: This study was examined for effects of acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) on the facial thermography in health subjects. Methods: The voiunteers who participating in this study had taken rest for 15 mins in room temperature ($19-21^{\circ}C$) before the examination and informed them what to prohibit smoking. drinking and administration of drug for the previous day. The thermography of face was taken using Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging (D.I.T.I.: Dorex. DTI-16UT1. U.S.A.) by time interval of 35 minutes at 15 min before and 20 min after acupuncture stimuiation. Thermal temperature of Daying(ST5). Juliao(ST3) and Quanliao(SI18) was measured and compared. Results: The results showed that acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) significantly decreased the Absolute defference of temperature between Daying(ST5) and Juliao(ST3) (p<0.05, Data were represented meant ${\pm}$S.E.M.(n=33)). The results showed that acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) significantly decreased the Absolute defference of temperature between Quanliao(SI18) and Juliao(ST3)(p<0.01, Data were represented mean${\pm}$S.E.M. (n=33)). But, acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) particularly decreased the absolute defference of temperature between Daying(ST5) and Quanliao(SI18). Also. it was observed that acupuncture of ST36 decreased variety of the color tone of thermographic contour line and decreased thermal distribution. Conclusions: The results showed that acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) significantly decreased the absolute defference of temperature of partial facial surface. Hereafter. study about if acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) significantly decrease the absolute defference of temperature of all the areas of facial surface is requested. Also. continued study of effects of acupuncture of other meridian on the facial thermography is requested.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.221-232
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the design direction of artificial intelligence convergence liberal arts subjects based on flip learning and maker education through analysis of learner needs in a non-face-to-face classroom environment caused by COVID-19. To this end, we analyzed the priorities of subject content elements by using the Borich needs assessment and The Locus for Focus model along with students' perceptions of flip learning for students who took and did not take maker education-based liberal arts courses. Based on this, it was used as basic data for designing the curriculum. The study results are as follows. First, the content elements of the artificial intelligence liberal arts curriculum based on maker education consisted of a total of 9 areas and were designed as a class using flip learning. Second, the areas with the highest demand for education are 'Artificial Intelligence Theory', 'Artificial Intelligence Programming Practice', 'Physical Computing Theory', 'Physical Computing Practice', followed by 'Convergence Project', '3D Printing Theory', '3D Printing practice' was decided. Third, most of the questionnaires regarding the application of flip learning in maker education-based artificial intelligence liberal arts subjects showed positive responses regardless of whether they took the course, and the satisfaction of the students was very high. Based on this, an artificial intelligence-based convergence liberal arts curriculum using flip learning and maker education was designed. This is meaningful in that it provides an opportunity to cultivate artificial intelligence literacy for college students by preparing the foundation for artificial intelligence convergence education in liberal arts education by reflecting the needs of students.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.812-820
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to classify the head shapes of Korean men and to suggest computer tomography as a new body measurement method. The 23 head measurement items of 760 men, aged more than 18 in Sizekorea 2004 database were used to analyze, measured by using statistical methods. Factor analysis, cluster analysis and duncan test were performed using these data. Through factor analysis, 5 factors were extracted upon factor scores and those factors comprised 70.91% for the total variances. The head and face shapes were categorized as 5 types-triangle, round, oval, long, rectangle. We decided for the type 1(triangle) to standard head shape since this type was the most observed. 21 participants were measured using computed tomography(CT). The measured data of skin and skeleton and the standard head shapes were illustrated.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2017

This study estimates the degree of influence of factors influencing ground surface settlement during tunnel excavation using Shield tunneling trough 3D FE-analyses. Numerical analysis was carried out by considering face pressure, skinplate pressure, excavation length, soil model, element size and soil material properties. Also, Actually constructed shield TBM comparative analysis was conducted by compared with Volume loss model, Pressure model and field measurement data. Skinplate pressure and soil model were the most influential factors, and the analysis results were similar to field measurements when the appropriate skinplate pressure was applied according to the passing stratum.