• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.63-75
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• 2007

Piled raft is known to be an unfavorable foundation type in soft clay because foundation is associated with both excessive settlement and bearing capacity failure problems. Despite these reasons, in recent decades, an increasing number of structures have been constructed over soft clay area, piled raft concepts arouse interest as the foundation of structures on soft clay area becomes popular. This study described 3 dimensional behavior of piled raft on soft clay based on a numerical study using 3D finite element method. A series of numerical analyses were performed for a various pile lengths and the pile configurations on the raft were subjected to vertical uniform or point loading. Based on the results of the parametric study, comparisons were made among the effect of loading type, various pile length and configurations, and the load-settlement behavior and load sharing characteristics of piled raft were also evaluated. From the results, the characteristic of piled raft on soft clay was examined.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.461-476
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• 2022

Research studies on the scale effect on triaxial strength of intact rocks are scarce, being more common those in uniaxial strength. In this paper, the authors present and briefly interpret the peak and residual strength trends on a series of triaxial tests on different size specimens (30 mm to 84 mm diameter) of an intact granitic rock at confinements ranging from 0 to 15 MPa. Peak strength tends to grow from smaller to standard-size samples (54 mm) and then diminishes for larger values at low confinement. However, a slight change in strength is observed at higher confinements. Residual strength is observed to be much less size-dependent. Additionally, this study introduces preliminary modelling approaches of these laboratory observations with the help of three-dimensional particle flow code (PFC3D) simulations based on bonded particle models (BPM). Based on previous studies, two modelling approaches have been followed. In the first one, the maximum and minimum particle diameter (D_max and D_min) are kept constant irrespective of the sample size, whereas in the second one, the resolution (number of particles within the sample or ϕ_v) was kept constant. Neither of these approaches properly represent the observations in actual laboratory tests, even if both of them show some interesting capabilities reported in this document. Eventually, some suggestions are provided to proceed towards improving modelling approaches to represent observed scale effects.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1991.07a
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• pp.753-756
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• 1991

This paper aimed to analyse dose sensitivity to the controllable parameters of in-door radon $(^{222}Rn)$ and its decay products(Rn-D) by applying the input-output linear system theory. Physical behaviors of $^{222}Rn$ & Rn-D were analyzed in terms of $^{222}Rn$ gas generation, -migation and - infiltration to indoor environments, and the performance output-function(i.e. mean dose equivalent to Tracho-Bronchial(TB) lung region was assessed to the following ranges of the controllable parameters; a) the ventilation rate constant $({\lambda}_v)$ : $0{\sun}500[h^{-1}]$. b) the attachment rate constant$({\lambda}_a)$ : 0-500 $[h^{-1}]$. c) deposition rate constant $({\lambda}{_{d}^{u}})$: 0-50$[h^{-1}]$. A linear input-output model was reconstructed from the original models in literatures, as follows, which was modified into the matrices consisting of 111 nodal equations. a) indoor ${222}Rn$ & Rn-D Behaviour: jacobi- Porstendorfer- Bruno model. b) lung dosimerty : Jacobi-Eisfeld model. Some of the major findings, which identify the effectiveness of this model, were as follows. a) ${\lambda}_v$ is most effective, dominant controllable parameters in dose reduction, if mechanical ventilation is applied. b) ${\lambda}_v$, depending on the air particle-concentration, reduces the dose somewhat within ${\lambda}_v$<1 $h^{-1}R range. However, the dose increases conversely, ${\lambda}_v$>1 $h^{-1}R range range. c) ${\lambda}{_{d}^{4}}$ reduces the dose linearly as ${\lambda}_v$ dose. Such dose(z-axis) sentivities are shown with three-dimensional plots whoes x,y-axes are combined 2out the 3 parameter${\lambda}_v{\lambda}_s,\;{\lambda}_d^s$.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.30.1-30.6
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differences in the position and shape of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve (ALIAN) in relation to the growth pattern of the mandibular functional subunit. Methods: The study was conducted on 56 patients among those who had undergone orthognathic surgery at the Gangnam Severance Hospital between January 2010 and December 2015. Preoperative computerized tomography (CT) images were analyzed using the Simplant OMS software (ver.14.0 Materialise Medical, Leuven, Belgium). The anterior and inferior lengths of ALIAN (dAnt and dInf) and each length of the mandibular functional subunits were measured. The relationship between dAnt, dInf, and the growth pattern of the mandibular subunits was analyzed. Results: The length of the anterior portion of ALIAN (dAnt) reached 3.34 ± 1.59 mm in prognathism and 1.00 ± 0.97 mm in retrognathism. The length of the inferior portion of ALIAN (dInf) reached 6.81 ± 1.33 mm in prognathism and 5.56 ± 1.34 mm in retrognathism. The analysis of Pearson's correlation coefficiency on all samples showed that the lengths of functional subunits were positively correlated with the loop depth. The length of the symphysis area in prognathic patients was positively correlated with the anterior loop depth (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Both the anterior and inferior length of ALIAN are longer in prognathic patients. Especially, it seems to be associated with the growth of the symphysis area.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.11 s.114
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• pp.1089-1095
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• 2006

In this paper, the circuit analysis of three-dimensional bandpass filter with transmission zero in multi-layer printed circuit board is presented. The equivalent circuit of bandpass filter is evaluated by microwave network analysis. Compare to the established paper that have configured the circuit model of filter except the effect of distribute element, the proposed model can include the effect. As a result, the multi-layer PCB bandpass filter with transmission zero has designed by extracting mutual capacitance from electrical component inside inductor. The structure size is only $10mm{\times}20mm{\times}1.251mm$. Measured data of the bandpass filter indicate 1.9 dB of insertion loss and 28 dB of return loss at the center frequency of 1.84 GHz, as well as 43 dB attenuation at the refraction frequency of 2.78 GHz.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.437-440
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• 2007

$OGL-20P^T$-358 is a novel 66 amino acid residue protein from the hyperthermophile Thermococcus thioreducens sp. nov., strain $OGL-20P^T$, which was collected from the wall of the hydrothermal black smoker in the Rainbow Vent along the mid-Atlantic ridge. This protein, which has no detectable sequence homology with proteins or domains of known function, has a calculated pI of 4.76 and a molecular mass of 8.2 kDa. We report here the backbone $^1H$, $^{15}N$, and $^{13}C$ resonance assignments of $OGL-20P^T$-358. Assignments are 97.5% (316/324) complete. Chemical shift index was used to determine the secondary structure of the protein, which appears to consist of primarily ${\alpha}$-helical regions. This work is the foundation for future studies to determine the three-dimensional solution structure of the protein.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.181-186
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• 2003

As the approach close-range digital photogrammetry has a variety of merits, the application of precision requiting fields is in Increase for its scope expansion. In the meantime, in case of photographic surveying by use of films, a lot of studies on experiment analysis and theoretical forecast models about a change of the exactness as per photographing coordinates have been conducted, but experiments about approach close-range digital photogrammetry are not enough yet. In consequence, this study has made photographing respectively by changing the photographic distance, converging angle, picturing direction by use of Rollei d7 metric and d7 metric$\^$5/ that is a measurement digital camera. And also in order to minimize the errors happened at the relative orientation, we have sorted out the prototype target that the relative orientation is automatically on the programming and have calculated RMSE by carrying out the bundle adjustment. We think that such a study could be used as very important basic data necessary in deriving the optimal photographic conditions by the close-range digital photogrammetry and in judging such a degree.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1994

Throughout this paper, we are working on the complex number field C. The aim of this paper is to explain the applications of Theorem 2 in .cint. 1. In the surface theory, the adjoint linear system has played important roles and many tools have been developed to understand it. In the cases of higher dimensional varieties, we don't have any useful tools so far. Theorem 2 implies that it is enough to compute the dimension of the adjoint linear system to check the birationality. We can compute, somehow, the dimension of the adjoint linear system. For example, we can get an information about $h^{0}$ (X, $O_{x}$( $K_{x}$ + D)) from Euler characteristic of vertical bar $K_{X}$ + D vertical bar and some vanishing theorems. We are going to show the applications of Theorem 2 to smooth three-folds and smooth fourfold, specially, of general type with a nef canonical divisor, smooth Fano variety, and Calabi-Yau manifold. Our main results are Theorem A and Theorem B. Most of birationality problems in Theorem A and Theorem B have been studied. (see Ando [1] and Matsuki [4] for the detail matters.) But Theorem 2 gives short and easy proofs in the cases of dimension 3 and improves the previously known results in the cases of dimension 4.4. 4.4.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2012

Focusing on the load tunnel, this study assessed the behavior of rock pillars with less than 0.5D of the minimized distance between the two horizontal tunnels by using a three dimensional numerical analysis. Based on a parameter affecting the behavior of rock pillars, this study evaluated different safety factors according to pillar width, depth and rock conditions. It turned out that as the pillar width increases, the current curve of safety factors in accordance with depth and rock conditions shows more of the nonlinear behavior. Judging from the minimum safety factor, the study suggested a design chart, working on the minimized distance between the two horizontal tunnels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.132-135
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• 2000

A process design expert system for rotationally symmetric deep drawing products has been developed The application of the expert system to non-axisymmetric components, however, has not been reported yet. Thus, in this present study, the expert system for non-axisymmetric deep drawing products with elliptical shape was constructed by using process sequence design. The system developed in this work consists of four modules. The first one is a recognition of shape module to recognize non-axisymmetric products. The second one is three dimensional (3-D) modeling module to calculate the surface area for non-axisymmetric products. The third one is a blank design module to create an oval-shaped blank with the identical surface area. The forth one is a process planning module based on the production rules that play the best important role in an expert system for manufacturing. The production rules are generated and upgraded by interviewing with field engineers.