• 공업화학
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.664-670
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• 2021

스테인리스강은 기계적 강도와 전기 전도성이 우수하고 가공이 용이하여 고분자전해질 연료전지의 분리판으로 적용되고 있다. 하지만 스테인리스강의 부식으로 인하여 접촉 저항이 증가하여 연료전지 성능이 저하하는 문제점이 있고, 귀금속 재료를 코팅하여 내식성을 높일 수 있으나 비용이 증가하는 단점이 있다. 금속 분리판의 내구성 확보와 경제성 개선을 위하여 고분자전해질 연료전지에서 스테인리스 강 분리판의 부식 거동과 부동태막에 의한 영향을 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 반응 면적이 25 cm²인 SUS316L 분리판을 제작하였고, 수소극과 공기극에 대한 SUS316L 분리판의 부식 거동을 분석하였다. SUS316L 분리판 부식이 연료전지 성능에 미치는 영향을 분극 곡선과 임피던스, 접촉저항을 측정하여 평가하였다. 연료전지 구동 간에 배출 수를 포집하여 SUS316L 분리판에서 용출된 금속 이온의 농도를 분석하였다. SUS316L 분리판에 대하여 공기극에서보다 수소극에서 부식이 활발하게 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 연료전지 반응에 따라 부동태막이 형성되어 접촉 저항이 증가하였고, 부동태막이 형성된 이후에도 지속적으로 금속 이온이 용출되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.211-216
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• 1999

LiCl 및 $LiCl/Li_2O$ 용융염분위기에서 오스테나이트 스테인레스강, SUS 316L과 SUS 304L의 부식특성을 650­~$850^{\circ}C$ 온도범위에서 조사하였다. SUS 316L과 304L의 부식층은 외부 $Li(CrFe)O_2와 내부 Cr_2O_3$의 2층 구조를 형성하였다. LiCl 용융염중에서는 균일한 부식충이 형성되지만, $LiCl/Li_2O$ 혼합용융염중에서는 균일한 부식충 형성외에 업계부식이 발생되는 것을 알 수 있었다. $750^{\circ}C$까지 온도 증가에 따른 부식속도의 증가속도는 느리고, $750^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 부식속도가 급격히 증가하였다. 용융염분위기에서 SUS 316L은 SUS 304L에 비하여 부식속도가 느려셔 보다 좋은 내식성을 나타내였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2014

Recently, the application of bending products has been increased since the industries such as automobile, aerospace, ships, and plants greatly need the usage of pipes. For facility fabrication, bending process is one of key technologies for pipings. Induction heat bending process is composed of bending deformation by repeated local heat and cooling. Because of local heating and compressive strain, detrimental phases may be precipitated and microstructural change can be induced. This work focused on the effect of induction heat bending process on the properties of ASME SA312 TP316 stainless steel. Evaluation was done on the base metal and the bended areas before and after heat treatment. Microstructure analysis, intergranular corrosion test including Huey test, double loop electropotentiokinetic reactivation test, oxalic acid etch test, and anodic polarization test were performed. On the base of microstructural analysis, grain boundaries in bended extrados area were zagged by bending process, but there were no precipitates in grain and grain boundary and the intergranular corrosion rate was similar to that of base metal. However, pitting potentials of bended area were lower than that of the base metal and zagged boundaries was one of the pitting initiation sites. By re-annealing treatment, grain boundary was recovered and pitting potential was similar to that of the base metal.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.2122-2129
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• 2002

Creep damage using a reference stress(RS) was analyzed for type 316LN stainless steel. The generalized K-R equation was reconstructed into the RS equation using a critical stress value $\sigma$. The RS equation was derived from the critical stress in failure time $t_f$ instead of material damage parameter $\omega$, which indicates the critical condition of collapse or approach to gross instability of materials during creep. For obtaining the reference stress, a series of creep tests and tensile tests were conducted with at 55$0^{\circ}C$ and $600^{\circ}C$. The stress-time data obtained from creep tests were applied to the RS equations to characterize the creep damage of type 316LN stainless steel. The value of creep constant r with stress levels was about 18 at 55$0^{\circ}C$ and 21 at $600^{\circ}C$. This value was almost similar with r = 24 in the K-R equation, which was obtained by using damage parameter $\omega$. Relationship plots of creep failure strain and life fraction $(t_f /t_r)$ were also obtained with different λ values. The RS equation was therefore more convenient than the generalized K-R equation, because the measuring process to quantify the damage parameter $\omega$ such as voids or micro cracks in crept materials was omitted. The RS method can be easily used by designers and plant operator as a creep design tool.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.475-481
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• 2018

Selective laser melting (SLM), a type of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, leads a global manufacturing trend by enabling the design of geometrically complex products with topology optimization for optimized performance. Using this method, three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) data components can be built up directly in a layer-by-layer fashion using a high-energy laser beam for the selective melting and rapid solidification of thin layers of metallic powders. Although there are considerable expectations that this novel process will overcome many traditional manufacturing process limits, some issues still exist in applying the SLM process to diverse metallic materials, particularly regarding the formation of porosity. This is a major processing-induced phenomenon, and frequently observed in almost all SLM-processed metallic components. In this study, we investigate the mechanical anisotropy of SLM-produced 316L stainless steel based on microstructural factors and highly-oriented porosity. Tensile tests are performed to investigate the microstructure and porosity effects on mechanical anisotropy in terms of both strength and ductility.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.316-326
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• 1993

Adhesion and hardeness are the most important properties of a hard coated layer which is applied to wear-resistant devices. Zr/ZrN layer was deposited on tool steel(SKH9) and stainless steel(SUS304) by a re-active D.C. magnetron sputtering technique and their microhardness and adhesion strength were measured for the films processed by changing the partial pressures of $N_2$ gas (4~10$\times$$10^{-4}$mbar) and the substrate bias voltage(0~250V). The adhesion strength was evaluated by acoustic signals through the scratch-test with the incremental applied load. As the partial pressure of $N_2$ gas and the substrate bias voltage were increased, the adhesion strength of tool steel was observed to be stronger than that of the stainless steel. The adhesion strength was generally, observed to decrease with the same tendency regardless of the kinds of substrates. The adhesion strength of tool steel was increased more and more strongly than that of stainless steel as heat-treated temperature was increased. The strength of tool steel was appeared to be high adhesion strength at $400^{\circ}C$. From the failure mode of the film during the scratch adhesion test, the cohesive failure was observed to be obvious and the adhesive failure in a minor portion in the Zr/ZrN doublelayer regardless of the kinds of substrates.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.295-298
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• 2005

A minimum commitment method (MCM) was applied to predict the creep rupture life of type 316LN SS. For this purpose, a number of the creep rupture data for the type 316LN SS were collected through literature survey and experimental data of KAERl, Using the short-term creep rupture data under 2000 hr, the long-term creep rupture life above $10^5$ hour was predicted by means of the MCM. An optimum value of A, P and G function, used in the MCM equation, was determined respectively, and the creep rupture life with the A values in different temperatures was compared with the experimental data and the predicted curves.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.178-181
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• 2008

Cylindrical stainless-steel/sodium heat pipe for a high-temperature application was manufactured and tested for transient and steady-state operations. The container material was made of stainless-steel 316, and the working fluid was sodium. Stainless-steel 316 mesh screen was inserted as a capillary structure. The working fluid fill charge ratio was approximately 64 $\sim$ 181% based on the pore space of the wick. The outer diameter of the heat pipe was 12.7 mm and the total length was 250 mm. The evaporator part was 150 mm and the condenser 80 mm. The performance test of the heat pipe has been conducted in the furnace with up to 800 W. The variation of the average heat transfer coefficient was investigated as a function of heat flux and vapor temperature. As input thermal load increased, it was showed that difference of temperatures in evaporator and condenser decreased and that operating section and heat transfer characteristics at the heat pipe increased.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1996

The toxic metal ion release behaviour and the cytotoxicity of a super stainless steel (S.S.S, 22cr-20Ni -6Mo-0.25N) were investigated The measurement of the amount of static and wear- induced trace metal ion released from the steels was conducted in Hank's balanced salt solution using an electrothermal atomic absdrption spectrometry equiped with Uaphite furnace. And the in vitro cytotoxicity of the materials was assesed in cell culture. The static dissolution rates of Fe and Cr ions from the S.S.S were significantly lower than those of 316L SS. However, the Ni ion release from the S.S.S during the first 4 weeks was yester than that from 316L 55 by 15-45%. Also, the wear-in- duces dissolution rates from the steels were not correlated either with their elemental composition rates or with the static metal ion release rates. The S.S.S did not deteriorate the osteoblasts viability. And no toxic response was observed from the macrophages cultured for 7 days in RFMI 1640 medium immersed with the S.S.S specimens.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.2977-2981
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• 2021

Corrosion fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of 316LN stainless steel was investigated in high-temperature pressurized water at different temperatures, load ratios (R = K_max/K_min) and rise times (t_R). The environmental assisted effect on FCG rate was observed when both the R and t_R exceeded their critical values. The FCG rate showed a linear relation with stress intensity factor range (ΔK) in double logarithmic coordinate. The environmental assisted effect on FCG rate depended on the ΔK and quantitative relations were proposed. Possible mechanisms of environmental assisted FCG rate under different testing conditions are also discussed.