• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2000

식용식물 이면서 한방재료로 이용되고 있는 부추의 이용 효율을 증대시킬 목적으로 부추씨의 이화 학적 특성과 수용성 추출물의 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 부추씨의 일반적 조성을 보면 조단백질 25.7%, 조지방 16.6%, 조회분 2.9%, 수분 4.4%로 나타났다. 아미노산 조성은 건물 중량 100g 당 proline 11.0 g 으로 가장 높았으며, glutamic acid 4.91 g, arginine 2.12 g, aspartic acid 1.62 g, leucine 1.31 g, valine 1.16 g, methionine 1.15 g 순으로 나타났다. 부추씨의 무기질 성분은 칼륨 215 ppm, 칼슘 142 ppm, 철 124 ppm, 마그네슘 100 ppm 순으로 나타나 칼슘과 철분을 많이 함유하였다. 주요 지방산으로 linoleic acid (C18:2) 71.9%, oleic acid(C18:1) 12.7%, palmitic acid(C16:0) 8.6% 및 stearic acid(C18:0) 1.4% 순 으로 전체의 약 93%를 차지하였다. 부추씨로부터 열침 온도에 따른 총폴리페놀 화합물의 함량 변동은 2$0^{\circ}C$ 추출물에 비해 4$0^{\circ}C$ 추출물에서 27%, 6$0^{\circ}C$ 추출물에서 51% 증가하였다. 부추씨 수용성 추출물을 DPPH 환원법으로 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과, 부추씨는 BHT 보다 활성이 나타났다. 이상과 같이 부추 씨는 아미노산, 무기질 및 지방산을 풍부하게 함유하고 있어 영양적인 면에서도 상당한 가치를 가지는 식품재료로 이용될 가능이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1989

Growing and finishing Korean native bulls were used to investigate the effects of different dietary energy levels on performance and energy intake. Experimental observations were made over three weight categories (200 to 250 kg, 250 to 350 kg and 350 to 450 kg). Three diets (2.4, 2.6 and 2.8 Mcal ME/kg DM) were used for each weight category. Crude protein levels of the diets were 12, 11 and 10% for the respective weight groups. Dietary energy level did not significantly affect daily body gain within a weight range but daily body gain during the entire experiment was higher (P<.05) in bulls receiving 2.6 Mcal energy diet than in those fed 2.4 and 2.8 Mcal energy diets. The following equation was developed to predict daily body gain(Y) from energy levels(X) of ration. $Y\;=\;1.3.475X\;-\;2.5949X^{2}\;-\;16.355$ Increasing energy levels significantly (P<.05) decreased daily feed intake. The following equation was developed to predict daily feed intake(Y) from energy levels(X) of ration. $Y\;=\;-30.013X\;+\;5.4401X^{2}\;+\;49.119$ Feed intake per metabolic body size during the entire feeding period ranged from 100.9 to 110.8 g and was lower in bulls fed 2.6 and 2.8 Mcal energy diets than in those fed 2.4 Mcal energy diet. Increasing energy levels significantly (P<.05) improved feed efficiency. The following equation was developed to predict feed efficiency(Y) from energy levels(X) of ration. $Y\;=\;-118.34X\;+\;22.448X^{2}\;+\;162.85$ Daily energy intake during the entire experiment ranged from 18.90 to 19.99 Mcal and there was no significant difference among energy levels. Daily energy intake per metabolic body size during the feeding period ranged from 248.6 to 260.8 kcal and was slightly higher in bulls receiving 2.8 Mcal than in those fed 2.4 and 2.6 Mcal energy diets. Energy required per kg body gain ranged from 17.25 to 19.11 Mcal and was slightly lower in bulls receiving 2.6 Mcal energy diet than in those fed 2.4 and 2.8 Mcal energy diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1425-1434
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• 2011

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of the processing method of common vetch seed (CVS) (Vicia sativa) on laying performance, egg quality, metabolic parameters and liver histopatology during the peak production period in hens. Lohman layers, 46 wk of age in 6 replicate cages each containing 4 hens, were allocated randomly to one of four dietary treatments. Diets were control (C) diet containing no common vetch and experimental diets containing 25% raw common vetch (RCV), 25% soaked in water for 72 h with exchange of water every 24 h (SCV) and 25% soaked&boiled at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 minute common vetch (SBCV). Inclusion of RCV into the diet deteriorated all laying performance variables. SCV did not alleviate the adverse effect of raw common vetch on feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion, final weight and weight change. SCV partially alleviated egg production (p<0.001). SBCV diminished the adverse effect on feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion, final weight and weight change compared to raw vicia sativa (p<0.001). No significant difference was detected between SBCV and the control group in terms of egg production, feed conversion, final weight and weight change. Regardless of the processing method, all the common vetch groups had lower shell strength compared to the control group. Haugh units did differ between all groups (p<0.001). Inclusion of RCV and SCV into the basal diet decreased triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein and serum glucose concentrations (p<0.001). Hovewer, inclusion of SBCV into the basal diet increased these parameters. Liver samples were stained with Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and evaluated by light microscopy. A biopsy of native liver tissue was used as a control. No histopathologic finding was present in the control group. Raw V. sativa compared with the control caused lipid accumulations in hepatocytes, severe congestion of hepatic blood vessels, inflammation, increased numbers of Kupffer cells and sinusoidal dilatations. Whereas, the livers from groups given treated V. sativa showed only different degrees of sinusoidal dilatations. Findings from the present study point out the risk of increased hepatic damage due to use of raw Vicia sativa. Increasing treatment of V. sativa lead to a decrease of liver damages. Inclusion of raw and soaked vetch seeds in rations affected adversely all parameters examined in laying hens. But alleviation was observed when soaked and boiled vetch seeds (SBCV) were fed. The results of these experiments indicated that soaked&boiled Vicia sativa seeds may safely be used at a 25% level in rations of laying hens.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1374-1381
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• 2009

본 연구는 남성 음주자의 나이대별 생리학적 변수들에 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 연구하였다. 30대 남성들은 waist-hip ratio, 좌 우 심장-발목 혈관지수, 좌 우 발목-상완지수, 아밀라제, hs-CRP, CPK가 가장 낮았고 체중, IL-6, 좌 우 안와혈압, 혈색소, 적혈구수, 적혈구 분포도, ALT, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 페르틴 농도는 높게 나타났다. hs-CRP, CPK는 40대 음주남성에서 높았지만 페리틴 농도는 반대였다. 50대 음주남성에서는 WHR이 높았으며 이완기 혈압, 좌 우 안와혈압, 호산구와 아밀라제 농도는 높게 나타냈다. 60대 음주남성에서는 좌 우 심장-발목 혈관지수, 평균 혈색소 농도, $\gamma$-GTP, RF, AFP, PSA의 농도는 높았으며, 체중, 이완기 혈압, 좌 우 안와혈압, 혈색소, 혈소판, 백혈구, 적혈구 분포지수, 호산구, 단구, 아밀라제 중성지방, CPK 농도 변화에서는 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 음주는 남성들에 있어 나이대별로 다양한 생리학적 변화를 유도 할 것으로 사료된다. 향후 음주가 성별, 즉 남녀 간에 미치는 생리학적 영향의 차이에 대한 연구 역시 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권sup권
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• pp.9-21
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• 2007

This study aimed to assess the total sugar intake for Korean and to identify major food sources contributing to those food components. Korean adults aged over 20 years old from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2001 and 2002 were selected. The data were analyzed to obtain nationally and seasonally representative information on the health and nutritional status of the Korean. Forty food groups were used in identifying food sources of total sugar and energy intake. Total sugar contents of foods in the KNHANES data sets were estimated by food code matching technique with Release 18 of the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Sample weighted means, standard errors, and population percentages were calculated using SAS and SUDAAN. The mean total sugar intake of the Korean was 60.3g in 2001, 40.9g in spring 2002, 45.7g in summer 2002, and 52.1g in fall 2002, which were 30-44% of intake of US people. Fresh fruit was identified as the most significant food source for total sugar intake in Korean population in all age groups and all seasons. The next major food sources following fresh fruits were candy/jelly/syrup/honey, coffee/coffee caream, vegetables, Kimchi, soft drinks, milk, fruit juice, cookie/cracker/cake, and vegetable juice/grain juice, which showed similar results through the seasons. While carbonated soft drink was the most significant food sources for total sugar or added sugar intakes for US people. The total sugar intakes were significantly higher in women, higher educational level, and residing in metropolitan area. As intake of total sugar increased, intakes of protein, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, Vit A, B1, B2, C, niacin showed significantly increased, while high intakes of added sugars showed low intakes of some micronutrients in the US people. Percentages of people who consumed nutrients below EAR were less in higher total sugar intake group than in lower intake group. From these results, we can conclude that the food consumption habits including the total sugar intake of Korean people seems relatively good so far. More reliable database of total sugar and added sugar composition tables in public domain should be established in the future, and also more researches about total sugar and added sugar for Koreans should be continued.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1179-1189
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• 2006

This experiment was designed to examine the effects of supplemental vitamin D on laying performance, metabolic profile and egg quality of hens fed diets containing different fat sources and levels. Lohman strains (n = 480) were assigned to one of 10 diets: basal diet (BD), BD plus 2.5 and 5.0% sunflower oil (SO) or tallow (T) at vitamin D provided $1{\times}$ and $3{\times}$ of the current recommendation. The experiment lasted from week 30 to 44 of age. Each diet was tested in 12 replicate cages of 4 hens. Production, metabolism, and egg quality data were subjected to three-way ANOVA. Both fats decreased feed intake (FI) as compared to BD. Increasing SO and T levels linearly decreased and quadratically increased FI, respectively. The dietary factors did not affect egg production (EP) and egg weight. Vitamin D supplementation increased and decreased EP when diets contained SO and T, respectively. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) for hens fed SO was lower than for hens fed T. However, increasing T level improved FCE, whereas increasing SO level worsened FCR. Vitamin D supplementation increased serum vitamin D and glucose concentrations. Vitamin D supplementation also caused a decrease and an increase in serum vitamin D concentration when diets contained SO and T, respectively. Serum glucose concentration for hens fed SO was lower than hens fed T. Increasing fat level linearly increased serum triglyceride and VLDL concentrations, regardless of the fat type. Increasing SO level linearly decreased serum cholesterol concentration. Vitamin D supplementation did not alter lipid metabolites. The dietary factors did not affect serum total protein, Ca, and P concentrations. As compared with BD, feeding SO decreased dry tibia and ash weights more than feeding T. Vitamin D supplementation tended to increase dry tibia weight and decrease tibia ash weight. Eggshell strength and thickness, yolk and albumen indexes, and Haugh unit were not responsive to the dietary factors. Eggshell strength quadratically increased with increasing T level. Yolk color for hens fed SO was lower than for hens fed T. The dietary factors did not affect most of yolk fatty acids. Increasing SO level quadratically decreased yolk $C_{18:2}$ concentration. Vitamin D supplementation increased and decreased yolk $C_{18:2}$ concentration when diets contained SO and T, respectively. In conclusion, increasing fat level improved laying performance without altering metabolic profile and egg quality. Vitamin D supplementation had minor alteration effects on laying performance, metabolic profile, and egg quality in response to fat feeding.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2004

The effects of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and ATP analogs, P/sub 2y/ purinoceptor agonists, on growth of normal mouse mammary epithelial cells (NMuMG) were examined. Cells were plated onto 24 well plates in DMEM supplemented with 10 % fetal calf serum. After serum starvation for 24 hours, ATP, P/sub 2y/ purinoceptor agonists (AdoPP[NH]P, ATP-α-S, ATP-γ-S, β, γ-me-ATP and 2me-S-ATP), P/sub 2u/ purinoceptor agonist (UTP) and P/sub 2y/ purinoceptor antagonists (Reactive Blue 2, more selective to P/sub 2y/ receptor than PPADS; PPADS) were added. DNA synthesis was estimated as incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA (1 hour pulse with 1 μ Ci/ml, 18～19 hours after treatment). ATP, Adopp[NH]P, ATP-α-S or ATP-γ-S, significantly increased DNA synthesis at 1, 10 and 100 μM concentrations with dose-dependency (P<0.05), and the maximum responses of ATP and ATP analogs were shown at 100 μM concentration (P<0.05). The potency order of DNA synthesis was ATP≥ATP- γ -S>Adopp [NH]P>ATP-α-S. β, γ -me-ATP, 2me-S-ATP and UTP did not increase DNA synthesis. In autoradiographic analysis of percentage of S-phase cells, similar results were observed to those of DNA synthesis. Addition of 1, 10 or 100 μM Reactive Blue 2 or PPADS significantly decreased ATP (100 μM)-induced DNA synthesis, however, PPADS was less effective than Reactive Blue 2. In Elvax 40P implant experiment, ATP directly stimulated mammary endbud growth in situ suggesting the physiological regulator of ATP in mammary growth. ATP 100 μM rapidly increased MAPK activity, reaching a maximum at 5 min and then gradually decreasing to the base level in 30 min. ATP analogs, Adopp[NH]P and ATP-γ-S also increased MAPK activity, however, β, γ-me-ATP and 2me-S-ATP did not. The inhibitor of the upstream MAPK kinase (MEK), PD 98059 (25 μM), effectively reduced ATP (100 μM) or EGF(10 ng/ml, as positive control)-induced MAPK activity and DNA synthesis (P<0.05). These results indicate that ATP-induced DNA synthesis was prevented from the direct inhibition of MAPK kinase pathway. Overall results support the hypothesis that the stimulatory effects of normal mouse mammary epithelial growth by addition of ATP or ATP analogs are mediated through mammary tissue specific P/sub 2y/ purinoceptor subtype, and MAPK activation is necessary for the ATP-induced cell growth.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1092-1096
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• 1997

혈전 탄성 묘사도는 일회의 채혈로 지혈기능의 전반적인 평가를 가능하게 하는데, 혈소판 응집과 응괴 강 도와 섬유소 교차결합을 통한 초기의 혈소판-섬유소 상호작용 시간부터 궁극적인 응괴 용해 까지의 단백질 응고 폭포와 혈소판의 상호반응을 기록하는 것이다. 1996년 4월 1일부터 1996년 8월 31일까지 개심술을 받은 35명의 환자를 대상으로(평균 연령 34$\pm$12) 혈전 탄성 묘사도를 수술전, 수술직후, 수술1시간후, 수술 24시간 후에 조사하였다. 전통적인 혈액학적인 지표들과 혈전탄성 묘사도 자료를 통계 분석으로 비교하였다. 체외 순환전의 혈전 탄성 묘사도의 최대 진측과 혈소판 수와, 체외 순환 24시간 후에는 혈전 탄성 묘사도의 R값 및 K값 그리고 알파 앵글이 활성 응고 시간과 통계학적인 의미있는 상관관계가 있었다. 그리고 체외 순환후 24시간 동안의 술후 출혈의 예측 정확도는 혈전 탄성 묘사도가 100%(P=0.0043)로 활성 응고 시간(57%)와 기존의 응고 검사(43%)와 비교해서 더 좋은 방법임을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 혈전 탄성 묘사도는 사용이 쉽 고 임상적으로 정확하고 비용면에서 유용하여 지혈문제를 가진 환자에게 효과적으로 처치\ulcorner 수 있는 자료를 제시할 수 있다 하겠다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.364-375
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• 2011

Given that single blockade with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) can achieve only partial and undurable suppression of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS), it has been hypothesized that dual blockage would be more beneficial in the management of blood pressure (BP) reduction and prevention of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) than either agent alone. Thus, it has been suggested that the combination of an ACEI and an ARB might provide renal benefits to hypertensive patients over and above BP reduction. However, this might also expose patients to additive or synergistic side effects. We attempted to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the benefits and harms of combination therapy in hypertensive patients with or without kidney diseases. MEDLINE and KoreaMed were searched for relevant randomized clinical trials in adult hypertensive patients with or without diabetes (restricted to 1997, limited to trials published in English). Results were summarized using the random-effects model, and between-studies heterogeneity was estimated with $I^2$. A final analysis of ten trials (23,928 patients) revealed that the combination of an ACEI and an ARB reduced blood pressure (SBP/DBP) by 3.95/2.02 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI], -4.38 to -3.53/-2.33 to -1.71) compared with ACEI monotherapy, and 2.83/2.64 mmHg (95% CI, -3.25 to -2.41/-4.95 to -0.33) compared with ARB monotherapy. Eight trials (391 patients) demonstrated a significant reduction in 24h-proteinuria (weighted mean difference, 0.16 g/day, 95% CI, -0.26-0.05), but they did not translate into an improvement in GFR. Tests for heterogeneity showed no difference in effect among the studies. The combination therapy reduced proteinuria by 30% (95% CI, 23% to 37%) and 39% (95% CI, 31% to 48%) compared with ACEI monotherapy and ARB monotherapy, respectively. However, in patients who had proteinuria more than 0.5 g/day, the combination therapy failed to show significant reduction in urinary protein excretion. The current cumulative evidence suggests that diabetic patients with proteinuria on dual RAS blockade have an increase risk of adverse events such as hyperkalemia, hypotension, and so on, compared with ACEI or ARB alone. It is, therefore, proposed that the combination therapy should not be routinely used for the treatment of hypertension with or without compelling indications.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.181-196
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• 1975

토끼 여포난자의 성숙을 유도하는데 필요한 배양액의 성분중 아미노산 및 탄수화물의 영향을 규명하기 위해 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 기본배양액에 포함된 탄수화물의 pyruvate, lactate 및 glucose는 모두 난자의 성숙유도에 유효한 성분이었으나 필수영양물질은 아님이 밝혀졌다. 아미노산중에 glutamine과 proline은 난자의 성숙을 촉진하였다. 특히 glutamine은 위의 세가지 탄수화물의 전부 또는 그 각각이 포함된 기본 배양액에서 보다 높은 난자의 성숙율을 보였다. 2. 아미노산이 포함된 배양액에 난자를 24시간 배양할 경우 배양 과정중에 생성된 암모니아의 양은 glutamine이 포함된 배양액에서 가장 높았다 (15.2 $\\mu$g/ml). 그러나 이 양은 난자의 성숙을 억제하지는 않았다. 3. 난자의 성숙율은 배양액의 osmole이 270 mOsm일때 가장 높았으나 최적 범위는 250$\\sim$310 mOsm로 넓은폭을 보였다. 4. 토끼여포난자는 0.08$\\sim$2 mM의 glutamine과 소혈청단백(BSA)만이 포함된 기본 배양액에서 능히 성숙이 유도됨을 보았다. 5. $^14 C$-glutamine을 사용한 실험에서 glutamine이 토끼난자의 단백질합성과 에너지 공급원으로 이용된다는 사실이 입증되었다.