• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.375-381
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• 2006

This study was carried out to analyze the nutritional component of Lepista nuda in order to estimate its nutritional and functional values. The content of moisture were $90.90{\pm}0.09%$ carbohydrate $4.34{\pm}0.07%$, crude protein $3.70{\pm}0.03%$, ash $0.55{\pm}0.04%$, and crude fat $0.47{\pm}0.01%$, respectively The reducing sugar was $636.17{\pm}7.50mg$. Total amount of free sugar was 97.32 mg, which were mainly composed of galactose (51.98 mg) and trehalose (22.48 mg). In the results of mined analysis, the content of K was the highest as $103.10{\pm}0.18mg$, followed by $56.01{\pm}0.20mg$ of Mg. The total content of hydrolyzed amino acid was 310.39 mg which consist of essential amino acids including valine (25.40 mg), leucine (22.52 mg), lysine (21.34 mg) and 198.89 mg of non-essential amino acids including glutamic acid (60.72 mg), aspartic acid (30.17 mg), and alanine (29.72 mg), as the major amino acids. free amino acids were 220.86 mg which were composed of essential amino acids (36.21 mg) inclusive of isoleucine (21.57 mg) and threonine (11.20 mg) and non-essential amino acids (184.65 mg) including glutamic acid (42.78 mg) and aspartic acid (32.44 mg) as major amino acids. Total content of amino acid derivatives was 187.85 me and that of hydroxyproline was highest as 121.50 mg.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 1989

As a part of investigation for utilizing anchovy more effectively as a food source, this work was undertaken the changes in keeping quality and taste compounds in the extracts from rapid fermented anchovy sauce during storage at room temperature. Rapid fermented products was made of chopped anchovy, water, koji and soybean protein isolate (20:10:2:1, w/w) thorough hydroxazine for 6 hours at $50^{\circ}C$. The liquified anchovy sauce extracts, contained 15% salt(w/w), were stored for 60 days at room temperature. The changes in pH, acidity, amino nitrogen and contents of taste compounds of the products were negligible during storage. The viable cell counts and histamines of the products were less than 30(colony/e extracts), 7.2-21.8(mg/100g extracts) during storage predominant free amino acids showed in the extracts from products were alanine, glutamic acid, histidine, lysine, leucine, valine and the total contents of those free amino acids were 60.4-64.3% of total free amino acids at final stage of storage. The major nucleotides and their related compounds of the products were revealed hypoxanthine, which were 69% over the total nucleotides and their related compounds. Using the omission test, the major taste compounds in the products were revealed free amino acids, nucleotides and their related compounds. The non-volatile organic acids, total creatinine, betaine, and TMAO were seemed to act an auxiliary role in taste of the extracts from rapid fermented anchovy sauce.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.912-918
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• 1999

The chemical compositions of korean and Chinese safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) seed were compared in this study. The proximate compositions were 0.73 and 0.05% of moisture, 19.74 and 18.82% of crude protein, 15.47 and 14.61% of crude fat, 3.78 and 3.87% of crude ash, 14.53 and 10.46% of crude fiber, 46.49 and 52.23% of N-free extracts in the non-roasted safflower seed (NRS) and roasted safflower seed (RS), respectively. Crude fat contents in non-roasted chinese safflower seed (NRCS) and roasted chinese safflower seed (RCS) were 33.30 and 31.22%, which were higher than those of NRS and RS. Unsaturated fatty acid in NRS was 83.2% and 90.9% in NRCS. Linoleic acid was the most predominant fatty acid in NRS (74.0%) and NRCS (74.2%). Sucrose (216.5 mg/100 g) and raffinose (117.5 mg/100 g) were major free sugars in NRS, but sucrose, glucose, fructose and raffinose were in NRCS. Glutamic acid, aspatic acid and arginine were major in total amino acids. 24 kinds of free amino acid were detected in NRS and 11 kinds in RS. Total essential amino acid in NRS ($28.0\;{\mu}g/100\;g$) was higher than that in NRCS ($9.2\;{\mu}g/100\;g$). The organic acids in safflower seed were composed of formic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid and fumaric acid. The content of vitamin E $({\alpha}-tocopherol)$ in NRS and NRCS were 10.5 mg/100 g, 6.2 mg/100 g, NRCS and RCS were 12.8 mg/100 g, 9.4 mg/100 g, respectively. Total carotenoid content in NRCS was $452.0\;{\mu}g/100\;g$ and it was higher than in NRS. The major minerals of safflower seed were K, P, Ca, Mg.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.559-565
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• 2003

By improving the flow pattern in Fontan circuit, total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) could result in a better outcome than atriopulmonary connection Fontan operation. For the patients with impaired hemodynamics after atriopulmonary Fontan connection, conversion to TCPC can be expected to bring hemodynamic and functional improvement. We studied the results of the revision of the previous Fontan connection to TCPC in patients with failed Fontan circulation. Material and method: From October1979 to June 2002, eight patients who had failed Fontan circulation, underwent revision of previous Fontan operation to TCPC at Yonsei University Hospital. Intracardiac anomalies of the patients were tricuspid atresia (n=4) and other functional single ventricles (n=4). Mean age at TCPC conversion was 14.0$\pm$7.0 years (range, 4.6~26.2 years) and median interval between initial Fontan operation and TCPC was 7.5 years (range, 2.4~14.3 years). All patients had various degree of symptoms and signs of right heart failure. NYHA functional class was 111 or IV in six patients. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (n:f), cyanosis (n=2), intraatrial thrombi (n=2), and protein losing enteropathy (PLE) (n=3) were also combined. The previous Fontan operation was revised to extracardiac conduit placement (n=7) and intraatrial lateral tunnel (n=1). Result: There was no operative death. Major morbidities included deep sternal infection (n=1), prolonged pleural effusion over two weeks (n=1), and temporary junctional lachyarrhythrnia (n=1). Postoperative central venous Pressure was lower than the preoperative value (17.9$\pm$3.5 vs. 14.9$\pm$1.0, p=0.049). Follow-up was complete in all patients and extended to 50,1 months (mean, 30.3$\pm$ 12.8 months). There was no late death. All patients were in NYHA class 1 or 11. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia developed in a patient who underwent conversion to intraatrial lateral tunnel procedure, PLE was recurred in two patients among three patients who had had PLE before the convertsion. There was no newly developed PLE. Conclusion: Hemodynamic and functional improvement could be expected for the patients with Fontan circulatory failure after atriopulmonary connection by revision of their previous circulation to TCPC. The conversion could be performed with low risk of morbidity and mortality.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2001

Purpose: Following up the cases of cow's milk-sensitive enteropathy (CMSE), We observed the development of clinical tolerance with cow's milk and other foods. We investigated the clinical outcome of CMSE. Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of patients who had been admitted and diagnosed as CMSE by responses to cow's milk challenge and elimination test and the findings of small intestinal biopsy at Department of Pediatrics, Taegu Catholic University Hospital from March 1992 to March 1997. All of them were being fed with protein hydrolysate before 6 months old, and tried cow's milk and other foods challenge test at following each two month. Twenty-one cases of them returned to be followed. The age at admission was $30.7{\pm}8.8$ (18~47) days old and at survey was $43.4{\pm}23.7$ (16~84) months old. Results: 1) Although the body weight at birth of the patients was 25~75 percentile, all on admission was below 3 percentile. The body weight on interview was 25~75 percentile. 2) The development of clinical tolerance in cow's milk was observed at 16~24 months of age and the tolerance rate was 61% at 12 months of age, 90% at 16 months of age. The development of clinical tolerance in other foods was observed at 10~24 months of age and the tolerance rate was 33% at 12 months of age, 80% at 18 months of age. 3) Adverse reactions after challenge test with cow's milk were observed at 19 cases, manifestated as vomiting (31%), diarrhea (31%), irritability or lethargy (21%), skin rash (10%), and abdominal distention (5%). 4) Comparing serum IgE and milk RAST positive group on admission (5 cases) and negative group on admission (16 cases), there was no significant difference at the age of tolerance in cow's milk (p>0.05), the age of tolerance in other foods (p>0.05), allergy history in family, and the incidence of other allergic diseases. 5) The history of family allergy was observed in 3 cases (14%) in 21 patients and 3 cases (14%) showed rhinitis, urticaria or asthma through a follow-up interview. Conclusion: The development of clinical tolerance in cow's and other foods was sharply increased at 12 months of age and most of all tolerated within 24 months of age. CMSE is a temporary disorder of infancy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1625-1633
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical compositions and antioxidative effects of Eriobotrya japonoca Lindl (Loquat). The proximate compositions of the loquat leaf on a dry matter basis were 8.78% moisture content, 6.74% crude protein, 7.87% crude fat, 6.99% crude ash, 43.61% dietary fiber and 26.01% carbohydrate. In analysis of free amino acids, 16 kinds total amino acid components, 17 kinds of components were isolated from loquat. The essential amino acids contained in loquat leaf accounted for 50.15% of total amino acids, while the non-essential amino acids accounted for 49.85%. In analysis of total fatty acids, only 5 kinds of acid were detected: lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. The contents of vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C were 0.039 mg%, 0.096 mg% and 0.575 mg%, respectively. The mineral contents of loquat leaf were greater in order of Zn

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2009

Two experiments were conducted to investigate feed value of Yukmijihwangtang (herbal medicine) meal. In experiment 1, the chemical composition of Yukmijihwangtang ingredients was determined before and after extraction, and investigated the effects of partial substitution of dried Yukmijihwangtang meal on TMR for fattening cattle. In experiment 2, nine Korean native male goats were employed to investigate the palatability and ruminal parameters of Yukmijihwangtang meal silages. In experiment 1, the crude protein content after water extraction was higher in Alisma orientale Juzepczuk (Teaksa), and lower in Pachyma hoelen Rumph (Bokryeong). the crude fat content after water extraction was higher in Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc (Sansuyu), and lower in other ingredients. ADF content after water extraction of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc (Sansuyu) was higher compared to those of Pachyma hoelen Rumph (Bokryeong) and Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews (Mokdanpi). Dioscorea japonica Thunberg (Sanyak) was the lowest in ADF content. Dry matter disappearance was increased by adding Yukmijihwangtang meal to TMR. In experiment 2, feed intakes of Yukmijihwangtang silage containing molasses (0.5 and 1%) for 30 min and 6 hr were significantly higher than that of control (0%) in Korean native goats. In various ruminl parameters, molasses addition to silage materials trended to increase total VFA, propionate and valerate contents, but trended to decrease iso-butylate, butylate and iso-valerate contents in Korean native goats. In conclusion, Yukmijihwangtang meal could be used as partial substitution of low level in TMR for fattening cattle. Molasses supplementation to silage materials contained with herbal medicine meal could improve its nutritional quality and palatability for Korean native goats. One percent level of molasses addition could give a useful effect in ensiling.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.201-213
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• 2014

This study showed the quality characteristics of chicken breast meat(CB) and leg meat(CL) with various kinds of existing cooking methods and double layer pan filled with Phase Change Materials(PCM) heating. Steaming resulted the highest moisture contents of 63.9% and 62.1% each in CB and CL. Also, steaming showed the lowest with 1.3% and 8.6% of crude fat in CB and CL(p<0.05) respectively. Crude protein content of CB in charcoal heating and grilling of CL had the highest values of 37.9% and 30.5% each. In the test of crude ash, grilling showed the highest with 2.4% in CB(p<0.05) and oven heating and charcoal heating was the highest with 1.3% in CL(p<0.05). In the test of cooking loss, charcoal heating showed much higher with 33.52% and 41.16% in CB and CL each than the other cooking treatments. And in case of shear force test, $5.93kg/cm^2$ in CB and $6.80kg/cm^2$ in CL were the highest scores in grilling. In the test of color, L value of CB prepared by steaming showed the highest scores of 78.31(p<0.05) while CL by oven heating was the highest of 10.00 in a value. In the overall acceptability test of 9 point-scale sensory evaluation, CB prepared by charcoal heating showed the highest score of 7.25 points in boiling, but the lowest score of 6.00 points in steaming(p<0.05). CL by charcoal heating resulted the highest score of 7.71 points but had no significant difference.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.607-614
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• 2001

Background : Residual pleural thickening is frequently seen following treatment for tuberculous pleurisy, and pleural decortication is performed occasionally in patients with severe residual pleural thickening. However, predictive factors for the development of residual pleural thickening are uncertain at the initial diagnosis of the tuberculous pleurisy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the associated factors for residual pleural thickening at initial diagnosis. Methods : We separated 63 patients diagnosed as tuberculous pleurisy into two groups; group 1 consisted of patients without residual pleural thickening and group 2 comprised patients with residual pleural thickening at the end of tuberculous pleurisy treatment. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, radiological findings, pleural biopsy and characteristics of pleural fluid between group 1 and group 2. Results : The study population and clinical symptoms of the two groups were not significantly different and the duration of symptoms before treatment and the peripheral WBC were similar between the two groups. The presence of pulmonary tuberculosis, pleural fluid loculation or the amount of pleural effusion sid not differ significantly between the two groups. The incidence of positive AFB staining(group 1 : 8%, group 2 : 38%) and granuloma(group 1 : 30%, group 2: 62%)on pleural biopsy specimens was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1. Pleural fluid WBC and differential count, adenosine deaminase level, pH, protein level or glucose level did not differ between the two groups. However, group 2 had higher LDH levels ($1370{\pm}208mg/dL$) than group 1 ($860{\pm}71mg/dL$, p<0.05). Conclusion : In tuberculous pleurisy, patients with residual pleural thickening following treatment demonstrated a higher incidence of positive AFB staining and granuloma on the pleural biopsy specimens or higher LDH level in the pleural fluid than patients without residual pleural thickening From these results, we speculate that the amount of tuberculous bacilli and granuloma are probably correlated with residual pleural thickening in the tuberculous pleurisy.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2016

In this study, agronomic characteristics and fatty acid composition of 121 flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) germplasms were analyzed. The flax germplasms had a fairly short growth period of 75-95 days. The plant height at maturity varied from 52 to 124 cm. The flower color varied from white to lilac and even purple. Early flowering flax germplasms had white flowers and were resistant to lodging. In early flowering flax germplasms, all agronomic characteristics, including growth period, plant height, branch number per plant, stem diameter, number of capsules per raceme, seed number per capsule, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield, were decreased. The average fatty acid composition of 121 flax germplasms comprised palmitic acid (5.3%), stearic acid (4.3%), oleic acid (29.7%), linoleic acid (13.1%) and linolenic acid (46.4%). The total content of unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 84~94% with an average of 88%. Among the fatty acids, linolenic acid (omega-3) content was the highest with a range of 36~54%. In five selected flax germplasms (Hollandia 1803, Red son, C & F Res Br 1767, Wiera, and Ireland 1657) with high linolenic acid (${\geq}51%$), total lipid and protein contents were 30~36% and 5.4~6.9%, respectively. Overall, flax can practically be adoptable into cropping systems in South Korea and utilized as a scenery crop, since flax has a short cultivation period with diverse flower colors.