• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.375-390
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression ofIGF-I, considered as the mediator of action of estrogen, and IGF-IA and IGF-IB, alternative slicing form of IGF-I, using $17{\beta}-estradiol$ in MC3T3-E1 cells. We observed the effect on type I collagen and osteopontin gene expression and DNA synthetic activity of MC3T3-E1 cells, added by estrogen, IGF-I and combination and the interactionon proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. The results were as follows :RT-PCR experiment for observing timedependantIGF-I gene expression patternshowed IGF-IA and IB gene expression in both of control and test group. In these IGF-IA gene expression was appeared predominantly. In control, IGF-I geneexpression level was maintained until 24hr and then decreased gradually. In testgroup, IGF-I gene expression level increased as time goes by. Experiment measuring DNA synthetic activity, as it is added by $17{\beta}-estradiol$, IGF-I and combination, showed that first day , there was the tendency of more increase of synthetic activity in all test group than control but no statical significance(P>0.05), and third day, there was more increase of DNA synthetic activity in $17{\beta}-estradiol$ group and combination group and it was statically significant. (P<0.005) Experiment for observing type I collagen gene expression pattern showed more increase of expression in $17{\beta}-estradiol$ group than control and no significant difference in IGF-I group and combination group. Experiment for observing osteopontin gene expression pattern showed no significant difference in control and test group. In conclusion, $17{\beta}-estradiol$ in MC3T3- E1 cells increased IGF-I gene and DNA synthetic activity simultaneously, therefore it appeared that IGF-I is related to the action of estrogen. Combination treatment of IGF-I and $17{\beta}-estradiol$ has effect on cell proliferation but this effect is lower than IGF-I or $17{\beta}-estradiol$ alone. However, combination treatment has not great effect on type I collagen or osteopontin gene expression thus little effect of cell differentiation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.57-69
• /
• 2013

Recently, an interest in functional foods has been increasing. It was recommended placing a short definition. Therefore, we performed research on the chemical functions and antioxidant ability of broccoli. This research is vital for preparing the most favorable conditions and environment for highly-functional broccoli. Broccoli produced after applying sprouting and light sources were used for research. The chemical properties of the broccoli, including composition, free sugar, citric acid, mineral and vitamin (A, C, E) content, were analyzed. In addition, the ability of broccoli compounds to reduce total phenolic compounds, SOD-liked activity, EDA (electron donating ability), and hydroxyl radicals were inspected. Total analysis relied on the SAS (statistical analysis system). Broccoli sprouts produced through plant factory system's photosynthesis, treated under different light sources, had superior amounts of crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash, compared to normal sprouts under fluorescent light. Is it a facility or does it refer to the inner metabolism of the cell? Broccoli sprouts under red light had superior amounts of glucose, fructose, malic acid, and oxalic acid, while broccoli sprouts under turquoise light had superior amounts of citric acid. Broccoli sprouts under white light had superior amounts of various minerals, such as potassium, magnesium, and sodium. In terms of antioxidant activity, data from the plant factory system shows an increase in EDA antioxidants (1.63 mg/mL, 30.82%). Sprouts applied with turquoise light had superior amounts of hydroxyl radical scavenging (65.62%), and sprouts applied with white light had superior amounts of activated SOD-like activity (52.69%). Research on dehydrated broccoli sprouts showed that sprouts dehydrated with cold air had superior amount of malic, citric, oxalic acid compared to sprouts dehydrated with hot air. In terms of vitamin levels, sprouts dehydrated with cold air had five times the normal amount of vitamin A and E, whereas sprouts dehydrated with hot air had higher amounts of vitamin C. Dehydration at low temperature also produced a higher amount of activated antioxidants (1.6 mg/mL of activated antioxidant ability, 63.04% of SOD-like activity, and 67.76% of hydroxyl radical scavenging). Our results show that antioxidant ability can vary by the type of photosynthesis and temperature level in which the sprouts are dehydrated. Therefore, thorough foundational data is required to product the most functional broccoli.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.183-188
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out in order to analyze the changes in general compounds and sugars of traditional Korean soy sauce with varying Meju concentrations (Meju-water ratios of 1 : 4 and 1.3 : 4) and ripening periods (up to 2 years). Along with ripening period, pH decreased and titratable acidity, total acidity and crude protein contents increased, which were higher in 1.3 : 4 than in 1.4. Buffering power increased significantly with increasing ripening period. Crude fat content was higher in 1.3 : 4 than 1 : 4. Moisture content decreased and pure extract content increased significantly with increasing ripening period, which was high in 1.3 : 4. Salt contents increased with increasing ripening period, but decreasd in soy sauce ripened for 2 years. As the result of sugar analysis, reducing sugar showed slow increase with increasing ripening period. Among detected free sugars, galactose was present in the highest concentration and the rest were in the sequence of glucose, fructose. Total free sugar content was highest in soy sauce ripened for 150days in 1 : 4 and 210 days in 1.3 : 4.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.493-498
• /
• 2003

Changes in amino acids content and antioxidative activity in the leaves of buchu (Allium tuberosum R.) at different harvesting times were investigated. Contents of protein, lipids and ash were the highest at the first harvest time, but decreased thereafter, whereas water content showed the reverse pattern. Amino acid contents were the highest at 2nd harvest time, major compositions being aspartic acid, alanine, and glutamic acid, which decreased thereafter. Antioxidative activities according to harvesting times also revealed the same pattern showing by the major nutrients. Correlation coefficients between antioxidative detecting methods in TEAC vs FRAP assay, FRAP vs DPPH assay, and TEAC vs DPPH showed 0.996, 0.992, and 0.987, respectively (p<0.001). The earliest-harvested buchu had the highest content of carotenoids, vitamin C, and total phenol, whereas the lowest of chlorophyll. Antioxidative effects of buchu, with vitamin C and total phenol contents have high coefficient correlations of 0.991 and 0.989, respectively.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.799-807
• /
• 2014

Meat source fraud and adulteration scandals have led to consumer demands for accurate meat identification methods. Nucleotide amplification assays have been proposed as an alternative method to protein-based assays for meat identification. In this study, we designed Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays targeting species-specific mitochondrial DNA to identify and discriminate eight meat species; cattle, pig, horse, goat, sheep, chicken, duck, and turkey. The LAMP primer sets were designed and the target genes were discriminated according to their unique annealing temperature generated by annealing curve analysis. Their unique annealing temperatures were found to be $85.56{\pm}0.07^{\circ}C$ for cattle, $84.96{\pm}0.08^{\circ}C$ for pig, and $85.99{\pm}0.05^{\circ}C$ for horse in the BSE-LAMP set (Bos taurus, Sus scrofa domesticus and Equus caballus); $84.91{\pm}0.11^{\circ}C$ for goat and $83.90{\pm}0.11^{\circ}C$ for sheep in the CO-LAMP set (Capra hircus and Ovis aries); and $86.31{\pm}0.23^{\circ}C$ for chicken, $88.66{\pm}0.12^{\circ}C$ for duck, and $84.49{\pm}0.08^{\circ}C$ for turkey in the GAM-LAMP set (Gallus gallus, Anas platyrhynchos and Meleagris gallopavo). No cross-reactivity was observed in each set. The limits of detection (LODs) of the LAMP assays in raw and cooked meat were determined from $10pg/{\mu}L$ to $100fg/{\mu}L$ levels, and LODs in raw and cooked meat admixtures were determined from 0.01% to 0.0001% levels. The assays were performed within 30 min and showed greater sensitivity than that of the PCR assays. These novel LAMP assays provide a simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive technology for discrimination of eight meat species.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.506-513
• /
• 1996

Soybean hull was microparticulated at cut-off wheel speed of 9,000 rpm and air-classified into fine and coarse fraction at air classifying wheel speeds (ACWS) of 10.000, 15,000 and 20,000 rpm. respectively. Proximate analysis of the coarse and fine fractions of the microparticulated/air-classified soybean hull showed that ash, protein and lipid were enriched in the coarse fractions and carbohydrates in the fine fraction. Dietary fiber were enriched in coarse fractions and dietary fiber and dietary fiber content increased with decreasing ACWS. Mean particle size of fine fractions ranged from $3.1{\mu}m\;to\;5.5{\mu}m$ that of coarse fractions ranged from $9.9{\mu}m\;to\;20.0{\mu}m$ and both increased with decreasing ACWS. The particles were mostly oval-shaped regardless of the fractions. Generally the fraction of low ACWS showed higher viscosity. In water holding capacity, oil absorption and emulsion capacity, there was significant difference between coarse and fine fractions while there was no significant difference as a function of different ACWS. Oil absorption of flying batter was decreased significantly in the fraction of ACWS 15,000. when cakes and cooking were prepared partially substituted with soybean hull fraction, there was no significant changes on their physical and sensory properties up to 10% substitution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.8
• /
• pp.1038-1044
• /
• 2006

The effects of the addition of soybeans cultured by mycelia of Pleurotus eryngii (SMP) on the characteristics of tofu were studied. Protein and ash contents of SMP were higher than those of untreated soybeans: 43.23 and 6.34% for treated soybeans, respectively, and 40.42 and 5.90% for untreated soybeans. But lipid and carbohydrate contents of SMP were lower. For minor elements, Mg and Ca contents of SMP were higher and P was lower than control. Tofu could be manufactured when SMP was added below 25% to the untreated soybean. In scanning electron microscopic observation, tofu tended to break down as the ratio of SMP was over 25% to the untreated soybean. The addition of SMP $(5{\sim}15%)$ increased the yield of tofu to $1.5{\sim}3.5%$. In textural characteristics, hardness of tofu increased as the ratio of SMP increased up to 20%. Cohesiveness, chewiness, springiness and gumminess were high in tofu which was made with $5{\sim}15%$ SMP. Savory taste and overall acceptability of the tofu prepared with $5{\sim}15%$ SMP were higher than those of control when evaluated by sensory test.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.39-52
• /
• 2000

Polypeptide growth factor belong to a class of potent biologic mediator which regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and metabolism. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ decrease cell proliferation, and stimulate alkaline phosphatase activity which express in osteoblast during cell differentiation period. IGF-I is known to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation too. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ is known to increase IGF-I binding sites and IGF binding protein which inhibite the effect of IGF. The purpose of this study is to evaluate potential role of IGF-I as mediator that control the action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$. MC3T3-E1 cell were seeded $5{\times}10^5/ml$ at 100mm culture plate in ${\alpha}-MEM$ containing 10% fetal bovine serum. After 48 hour incubation period, medium were changed ${\alpha}-MEM$ containing 5% fetal bovine serum. After 24 hours, $10^{-9}M$ 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ added. Total mRNA was extracted at 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 hour. PRPCR method was programed for the detection of IGF-I mRNA. In the both groups of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin $D_3$ treated and control, alternative splicing form of IGF-I, IGF-IA and IGF-IB were expressed. In the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ treated group, IGF-I mRNA expression was matained until 24 hour, there after expression was decresed. MC3T3-E1 cell were seeded $2.5{\times}10^4/ml$ at 24well plate in ${\alpha}-MEM$ containing 10% fetal bovine serum. After 48 hour incubation period, medium were changed ${\alpha}-MEM$ containing 3% fetal bovine serum. After 24 hours, $10^{-9}M$ 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ and 10 ng/ml IGF-I were added separately or together. Cell were cultured for 1 and 3 days, $2{\mu}Ci/ml\;[^3H]$ -thymidine was added for the last 24h of culture of each days. ${[^3H]}$-thymidine incorporation in to DNA was measured and expressed counter per minute(CPM). DNA synthetic activity was significantly decreased by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ both at 1 day and 3 day, and in the combination group of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ and IGF-I, DNA synthetic activity was also decreased both at 1 day and 3 days. IGF-I did not affect the DNA synthetic activity compared to control group both at 1 day and 3 day. From the above results, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ was potent inhibitor of cell proliferaton in MC3T3-E1 cells. It assumed that the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ on osteoblast proliferation may be mediated in part by decreased level of IGF-I.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.460-466
• /
• 2012

Through an analysis of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in corn and brown rice, the effect of enzymatic deacetylation of T-2 toxin on HT-2 toxin was investigated. Gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection were used for quantitative determination. T-2 toxin was converted into HT-2 (84-86%) within 15 min in the presence of crude protein extracts from corn and brown rice. The absence of T-2 conversion was observed for autoclaved samples, in which the enzymes were inactivated. When phosphate buffered saline, followed by methanol, was used as the extraction solvent, recoveries of T-2 toxin spiked at 50 and 200 ${\mu}g/kg$ were from 60 to 87%, whereas those of HT-2 in the autoclaved samples were 0%. In non-autoclaved samples, recoveries of HT-2 were 37-66%, whereas those of T-2 were negligible. However, the conversion of T-2 into HT-2 was not observed when samples were extracted by methanol/water.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The inappropriate prescription of antibiotics in children with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is common. This study evaluated the factors that influence antibiotics use in hospitalized children with viral URTI confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) assay. Methods: The medical records of admitted patients who performed RT-PCR assay for respiratory virus pathogens from January 2013 to November 2014 were examined. The demographic and clinical features were compared between patients who were administered antibiotics at admission and those who were not. We also investigated differences between children who continued antibiotics and those who stopped antibiotics after a viral pathogen was identified. Results: In the total 393 inpatients, the median age was 23 months (interquartile range, 13 to 41.3 months). Antimicrobial agents were prescribed in 79 patients (20.1%) at admission. Patients with acute otitis media (AOM) had higher rates of antibiotics prescription than those without AOM (48.1% vs. 2.2%, P<0.001), with an adjusted odds ratio of 91.1 (95% confidence interval, 30.5 to 271.7). Level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and the proportion of acute rhinosinusitis were also significantly associated with antibiotics use (P<0.001). Among the 44 patients with viruses identified using the RT-PCR method during hospitalization, antibiotic use was continued in 28 patients (63.6%). AOM was statistically associated with continued antibiotic use in the patients (P=0.002). Conclusions: Although the respiratory virus responsible for URTI etiology is identified, clinicians might not discontinue antibiotics if AOM is accompanying. Therefore, careful diagnosis and management of AOM could be a strategy to reduce unjustified antibiotic prescriptions for children with URTI.