• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.795-802
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• 1999

Objective : Cardiopulmonary exercise test is a useful tool to evaluate the operative risk and to plan exercise treatment for the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). In cardiopulmonary exercise test, most of the measured parameters are recorded at the time of peak exercise, which are hard to attain in COPD patients. So we evaluated the usefulness of the parameter, breathing reserve index(BRI=minute ventilation [$V_E$]/maximal voluntary ventilation[MVV]) at the time of anaerobic threshold($BRI_{AT}$) for the differentiation of COPD patients with normal controls. Methods : Thirty-six COPD patients and forty-two healthy subjects underwent progressive, incremental exercise test with bicycle ergometer upto possible maximal exercise. All the parameters was measured by breath by breath method. Results : The maximal oxygen uptake in COPD patients (mean$\pm$SE) was $1061.2{\pm}65.6ml/min$ which was significantly lower than $2137.6{\pm}91.4ml/min$ of normal subjects(p<0.01). Percent predicted maximal oxygen uptake was 54.3% in COPD patients and 86.0% in normal subjects(p<0.01). Maximal exercise(respiratory quotient; $VCO_2/VO_2{\geq}1.09$) was accomplished in 7 of 36 COPD patients(19.4%) and in 18 of 42 normal subjects(42.9%). The $BRI_{AT}$ of COPD patients was higher($0.50{\pm}0.03$) than that of control subject($028{\pm}0.02$, p<0.01), reflecting early hyperventilation in COPD patient during exercise. The correlation between $BRI_{AT}$ and BRI at maximal exercise in COPD patients was good(r=0.9687, p<0.01). Conclusion : The $BRI_{AT}$ could be a useful parameter for the differentiation of COPD patients with normal controls in the submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise test.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.61-68
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• 2014

In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of Schroth exercise(three-dimensional convergence exercise) on pulmonary function(vital capacity, and chest expansion), Cobb's angle, scoliometer angle, and erector spinae muscle activity. We examined 40 students with idiopathic scoliosis(Cobb's angle $10^{\circ}$). They were divided into the Schroth and conventional exercise groups, with 20 people in each group. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 18.0 with a paired t-test(pre-post difference) and an independent t-test(between-group differnence). the result of were as follows; 1) After 8 weeks of Schroth exercise, significant improvements were observed in Cobb's angle, rib hump, vital capacity, chest expansion, and right thoracic longissimus muscle activity. 2) After 8 weeks of conventional exercise, a significant improvement was observed only in chest expansion. These findings indicate that the Schroth exercise program improved the Cobb's angle, rib hump, pulmonary function, and sEMG results. Therefore, this study demonstrates the usefulness of the Schroth exercise program for idiopathic scoliosis.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.4 s.347
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• pp.84-87
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• 1998

해마다 3월만 되면 영국은 대규모 과학주간 행사로 전국이 떠들썩하다.5회째 개최되는 올해의 행사에는 3월13일부터 9일동안 전국서 5천여종의 행사가 차례로 펼쳐지며 1백50여만명의 국민이 참여했다. 명실상부한 범국민 과학대중화운동으로 공동사회의 모든 일원이 과학을 만나고 이해하는 좋은 기회가 되고 있다.

• Exercise Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.231-242
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to develop the prediction model of VO₂max using submaximal metabolic responses from the Bruce protocol, HR responses at several stages and 1,200 m running record, and to compare and analyse the validity of these prediction models. The subjects were consisted of 255 male(133 male for 1,200 m running). They were participated maximal exercise testing with Bruce protocol, and the metabolic responses were measured in the end of the first(3 minute), second stage(6 minute), and 1,200 m running record. Measurement items were VO₂(㎖/kg/min), VCO₂(㎖/kg/min), VE(L/min), HR(bpm) of 3 and 6 minute, time to HR 150 bpm and 170 bpm, HR difference between Bruce protocol 6 and 3 minute, 1,200 m running record. Analyzing with all variables using enter method, the multiple R of total variable model was 0.642(p<.01), SEE was 4.38 ㎖/kg/min, CV was 10.8 %, but multicolinearity was appeared. The multiple R of 3 minutes model 1 and model 2 were 0.341 and 0.461, SEE was 6.05 and 5.72 ㎖/kg/min, CV was 14.9 and 14.1%, and multicolinearity did not appeared. The multiple R of 6 minutes model 1 and model 2 were 0.350 and 0.456, SEE was 6.03 and 5.74 ㎖/kg/min, CV was 14.9 and 14.2%, and multicolinearity did not appeared. The R of HR 170 and HR 170 model were 0.151 and 0.154, SEE were 6.36~6.37 ㎖/kg/min, CV were 15.7%. The R of 1,200 m running model was 0.444, SEE was 4.82 ㎖/kg/min, CV were 11.9%. In conclusion, with considering usefulness and convenience through the validity of these prediction models, the prediction model of VO₂max recommended 6 and 3 minute model, and the validity of HR model and 1,200 m running model were moderately low.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.5186-5194
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• 2014

Falls are one of the most serious problem that threatens the health of the elderly. This study was conducted twice a week for six weeks from May to June 2014 to evaluate the effectiveness of fall prevention exercises for rural seniors. This study analyzed the effects by comparing before and after exercise on the TUG, FRT, BBS, ADL, fear of falls, fall efficacy, and depression. The results of this study was as follows: Hypothesis1, "a TUG of post-test will improve more than the pre-test", was supported. Hypothesis3, "BBS of the post-test would improve more than the pre-test" was supported. In addition, the FRT, ADL, fear of fall, fall efficacy, and depression of post-test would improve more than the pre-test. Accordingly this study showed that fall prevention exercises are effective in improving the physical function (TUG, FRT, BBS, and ADL) and emotional function (fear of fall, fall efficacy, and depression) in rural seniors.

• Exercise Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.373-384
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• 2012

The effects of inspiratory muscle training in conjunction with aerobic exercise on inspiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and maximal oxygen uptake(VO₂max) were examined. Twenty four healthy collegiate men were divided into three groups; respiratory muscle training group(RTG; n=8), running exercise group(REG; n=8), and both respiratory muscle training and running group(BTG; n=8). Their pulmonary function, maximal inspiratory pressures(PImax), and VO₂max were assessed before and after intervention. RTG underwent inspiratory muscle training(IMT) with load set to 50 % of PImax, 30 times per session, twice a day, 4 days a week REG ran on a treadmill at 70-75 % of VO₂max for 30 min a day, 4 days a week. BTG participated both IMT and the running exercise. Participant's anthropometric parameters and pulmonary function were not changed. VO₂max increased by 6.1±3.3 %, 5.9±6.6 %, and 10.0±8.3 % in RTG, REG, and BTG, respectively(p< .05), and PImax also increased by 21.7±14.3 %, 19.7±12.0 %, and 27.0±12.1 % in RTG, REG, and BTG, respectively, but no group differences were found. Based on the study, although statistically insignificant, BTG showed the biggest increase of VO₂max and PImax indicating a possible synergic effect of inspiratory muscle training and aerobic exercise on respiratory responses.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.749-759
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information for improving a soft tennis forehand middle volley technique based on kinematic and kinetic analyses of volleys performed by four male national tennis players($33.3{\pm}2.16$ years). The results are as follows. The first phase of the stroke was the longest, covering 64.7% of the stroke time. The displacement of the center of gravity was 48.1% to the right and 54% to the front in the first phase. When impacted, the elbow joint showed the highest average velocity, 3.67m/s, and the upper arm segment displayed the highest angular velocity, $201^{\circ}/s$. The average of the elbow angle and the ball velocity were $149^{\circ}$ and 18.9m/s, respectively. In the ground reaction force, the left and right foot forces in both the x and y directions showed a statistically significant difference. This result seems to indicate that when the left foot is pushed to the right, the force of the right foot is proportional and symmetrical to the left, serving as a supporter.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2016

Objective : The current study investigated the effectiveness of group occupational activity program in increasing visual-perception and motor function of children in Community Children Center. Methods : Five children aged between 6-9 years in a community children center participated in the group occupational activity program. The program was designed to facilitate children's visual-perception and motor function based on play occupations. We examined performances of MVPT-3 and BOT-2 before and after the program. Results : Children who participated in the group program showed significant increases in visual perception and motor function. Conclusion : The study revealed the effectiveness of group occupational activity program in promoting visual perception and motor function of children in a community children center, which suggests the possibility of application of occupational activity toward low-income children in the community.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.115-124
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to know influenced on the change of Oswestry back pain disability index(OBPDI), isometric muscle power(IMP), muscular activation with chronic low back pain(CLBP) patients after Trunk Stabilization Exercise. Intervention was provided 6 weeks(5 days a week). Muscular activation was measured during IMP(Muscles : transversus abdominis : TA, internal obliqus : IO, external obliqus : EO, rectus abdominis : RA and erector spinae: ES). The results were as follows. 1. OBPDI about the MBE and the SE groups had effective decrease pain and disability. 2. IMP of intervention after the MBE and the SE groups had effective improve muscle power. 3. Muscle activation during IMP of intervention after was : TA, IO, RA had increase in the MBE and the SE groups. EO muscle activation during IMP of intervention after had increase only MBE groups. This shows that the MBE and the SE groups had effective increase because it has effective improve muscle power. Therefore, this study shows ￡hat trunk stabilization exercise program influenced on the change of OBPDI, IMP, muscular activation with CLBP patients.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2005

Effects of Morus alba fruit extracts on monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity were examined in rats during and after physical exercise. Oral administration of M. alba extract (0.3 g/kg body weight) significantly increased brain MAO-A activity but decreased liver MAO-B activity when they were measured using serotonin and benzylamine as substrates. Type of physical exercises had significant effect on MAO activity. Brain MAO-A activity markedly decreased with physical activity-related stress compared to normal group, whereas Liver MAO-B activity increased up to 60 min after exercise. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and lactate concentration in blood, clinical indices of physical exercise activities, were also determined for correlation to MAO activities. MAO-A activity of rats subjected to oral administration of M. alba extract and physical exercise increased whereas MAO-B and LDH activities, and lactate level decreased, All indices eventually recovered normal levels, These results suggest M. alba may increase capability of physical activities by modulating MAO activities during exercise.